Dinanagar
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Dinanagar is a town and a
municipal council A municipal council is the legislative body of a municipality or local government area. Depending on the location and classification of the municipality it may be known as a city council, town council, town board, community council, borough cou ...
in
Gurdaspur district Gurdaspur district is a district in the Majha region of the state of Punjab, India. Gurdaspur is the district headquarters. It internationally borders Narowal District of Pakistani Punjab, and the districts of Amritsar, Pathankot, Kapurthala ...
in the
Majha Majha ( ''Mājhā''; ; from "mañjhlā" )Punjabi language, Punjabi: ਮਾਝਾ , is a region located in the central parts of the historical Punjab region, presently split between the republics of Pakistan and India. It extends north from the ...
region of the
state State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a ...
of
Punjab Punjab (; ; also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb) is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia. It is located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of modern-day eastern Pakistan and no ...
,
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
. It takes its name after Adina Beg, who served as the
subahdar Subahdar, also known as Nazim, was one of the designations of a governor of a Subah (province) during the Khalji dynasty of Bengal, Mamluk dynasty, Khalji dynasty, Tughlaq dynasty, and the Mughal era who was alternately designated as Sahib- ...
of
Punjab Punjab (; ; also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb) is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia. It is located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of modern-day eastern Pakistan and no ...
for the
Mughals The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia. At its peak, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus River Basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of pre ...
and
Marathas The Maratha Empire, also referred to as the Maratha Confederacy, was an early modern India, early modern polity in the Indian subcontinent. It comprised the realms of the Peshwa and four major independent List of Maratha dynasties and states, Ma ...
. He built up his residence and exercised his government mainly from this town, whilst he was serving as the governor of the nearby town of Behrampur. During the rule of the Punjabi
Sikh Empire The Sikh Empire was a regional power based in the Punjab, Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. It existed from 1799, when Maharaja Ranjit Singh captured Lahore, to 1849, when it was defeated and conquered by the East India Company, Br ...
, it was the favourite summer resort of
Maharaja Ranjit Singh Ranjit Singh (13 November 1780 – 27 June 1839) was the founder and first maharaja of the Sikh Empire, in the northwest Indian subcontinent, ruling from 1801 until his death in 1839. Born to Maha Singh, the leader of the Sukerchakia Misl ...
, who held durbar there during summer, effectively making the town his summer capital.


History

Dinanagar town is situated about 14 km North-East of Gurdaspur. It was founded by Adina Beg 1730, on the bank of Hasli or Shah Nahar as his residence and cantonment. He seems to have exercised his government from this town. Dinanagar was a favourite summer resort of Maharaja
Ranjit Singh Ranjit Singh (13 November 1780 – 27 June 1839) was the founder and first maharaja of the Sikh Empire, in the northwest Indian subcontinent, ruling from 1801 until his death in 1839. Born to Maha Singh, the leader of the Sukerchakia M ...
. It was one center where Singh usually held his Durbar during the summer. It was Singh's summer capital. He spent the two months of May and June every year at Dinanagar. It was here that in May 1838 he received the Macnaghten mission which negotiated the proposed alliance for placing
Shah Shujah Durrani Shah Shuja Durrani (Pashto/ Persian: ; November 1785 – 5 April 1842) was the ruler of the Durrani Empire from 1803 to 1809. He then ruled from 1839 until his death in 1842. A son of Timur Shah Durrani, Shuja was of the Saddozai line of the A ...
on the throne of Kabul. ( version) After the annexation of the Punjab as British territory in March 1849, a new district of Adinanagar was constituted with Dinanagar as its headquarters. Gurdaspur Tehsil, a greater portion of Batala Tehsil and 181 villages of Pathankot Tehsil were included in the Adinanagar district. On April 28 James Abbott, who was involved in Punjab boundary work, received instructions to meet Major Lawrence's agent in the town, he then spent the 29th and 30th of April in the town before returning to Pathankot. 1846-1849. In July 1849 the civil and Military escorts were transferred to Batala as Dinanagar was thought unhealthy and in 1852 it became part of Gurdaspur district. The Rowlatt ACT passed in March 1919 invested the Government with extraordinary powers to suppress any kind of political agitation. A complete hartal was observed in Dinanagar along with Gurdaspur, Pathankot and Batala. In 1920, the
non-cooperation movement Non-cooperation movement may refer to: * Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922), during the Indian independence movement, led by Mahatma Gandhi against British rule * Non-cooperation movement (1971), a movement in East Pakistan * Non-cooperatio ...
was started by
Mahatma Gandhi Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2October 186930January 1948) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalism, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethics, political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful Indian ...
due to alliance with Khilafat leader
Jallianwala Bagh massacre The Jallianwala Bagh massacre (), also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919. A large crowd had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab, British India, during the annual Vaisakhi, Baisakhi fair to protest aga ...
and Rowllat Act. The people all over the country responded to the call of Gandhi. The Government made every effort to stop the movement and a large number of persons courted imprisonment. A durbar was held at Dinanagar to discuss the situation created by Gandhi by H. Harcourt, the Deputy Commissioner. Swami Sawtantra Nand founded Dayanand Math in 1938 – an institution that became a center of learning and Ayurveda. In the course of time, A Dina Nagar has been known for its Loi, Shawl, and wood industries. A number of conduit pipe manufacturing units have been set up hereafter in 1947. Dinanagar is spread over 14.36 km2.


2015 attack

The 2015 Gurdaspur attack by Pakistani terrorists on the police station in Dinanagar resulted in 10 deaths (including the 3 attackers), and 18 injured. Killed were two civilians, Superintendent of Police (Detective) Baljit Singh, two home guards and two policemen.


Geography


Location

Dinanagar is the northernmost town of
Punjab state Punjab () is a state in northwestern India. Forming part of the larger Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, the state is bordered by the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh to the north and northeast, Haryana to the south and southeast, ...
. It falls in the Jalandhar division and is sandwiched between the
Ravi Ravi may refer to: People * Ravi (name), including a list of people and characters with the name * Ravi (composer) (1926–2012), Indian music director * Ravi (Ivar Johansen) (born 1976), Norwegian musical artist * Ravi (rapper) (born 1993), a Sou ...
and Beas Rivers. The town shares common boundaries with
Pathankot district Pathankot district, the northernmost district of Punjab, India, Punjab, India, was formed on July 27, 2011, after being carved out from Gurdaspur district. Pathankot serves as the district headquarters. The district shares its Border, borders ...
in the north, Beas River in the north-east, Mukerian districtt in the south-east, Kapurthala district in the south,
Amritsar district Amritsar district is one of the twenty three districts that make up the Indian state of Punjab, India, Punjab. Located in the Majha region of Punjab, the city of Amritsar is the headquarters of this district. As of 2011, it is the second most ...
in the south west and
Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...
in the north-west.


Topography

The landscape of the town has varied topography comprising undulating plan, the flood plains of the Ravi and the Beas and the upland plain. It is traversed by a number of chaos and has an undulating topography. The flood plains of the Ravi and the Beas are separated from the upland plain by sharp river cut bluffs. They are low lying, with slightly uneven topography. Sand dominates in the soil structure of the flood plains, but it diminishes in both quantity and coarseness in the upland plain. The upland plain covers a large part of the town particularly.


Climate

There are mainly two seasons, i.e. summer and winter. The summer season falls between the months of April to July and the winter November to March. In summer season the temperature touches 44 °C or even higher. June is the hottest month and January is the coldest one. Mostly the rain falls in the month of July. The winter rains are experienced during January and February. Dust storms occurs in the month of May and June.


Rainfall

The
south-west monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal oscill ...
generally arrives in the last week of June and continue up to the second week of September. 70% of the rainfall occurs during this period. Annual precipitation Is more than 1000mm. Heavy rain occur in monsoon season. Town is Near the shivalik, so receives good showers during winter which are generally persistent from West. Dense fog is not uncommon which continues for days.


Ecology

The changes in ecology system are inevitable, consequences of development process. The denudation of forests due to increasing population, urbanization industrialization have accelerated the process of
environmental degradation Environment most often refers to: __NOTOC__ * Natural environment, referring respectively to all living and non-living things occurring naturally and the physical and biological factors along with their chemical interactions that affect an organism ...
in the town. Therefore, preservation of the ecology is one of the most important goals of the town planning. The vegetation varies in the town depending on the soil, topography and elevation. In the Plain, large scale of afforestation has been undertaken by the forest department. Where water facilities are available, Shisham, mulberry, eucalyptus and poplar are being planted. Besides mango and mulberry, other fruit trees cultivated in the town include orange, Kinnow Lemon tree etc.


Hydrology

The ground water in this region is suitable for irrigation and domestic uses. The sub soil water depth ranges from 5 to 8 meters in most part of the town. Due to 'Dhusi bandh'(Embankment)and stepped floods the
water table The water table is the upper surface of the phreatic zone or zone of saturation. The zone of saturation is where the pores and fractures of the ground are saturated with groundwater, which may be fresh, saline, or brackish, depending on the loc ...
has gone very low.


Soils

The soils are
loamy Loam (in geology and soil science) is soil composed mostly of sand (particle size > ), silt (particle size > ), and a smaller amount of clay (particle size < ). By weight, its mineral composition is about 40–40–20% concentration of sand–si ...
with a clay content below 10 percent. They contain small quantities of lime but the magnesia content is high. They are well supplied in potash and phosphoric acid but the quantities available are low. The agriculture is dependent to a large extent on the nature of its soils which in turn, is influenced materially by climatic factors. The cultivable waste land is fallow or covered with bushes or jungle which may not be put to any use. Lands under that ching grass bamboo, bushes, tree crops etc. which are not included under forests have been considered as cultivable waste. As for example, all growing lands which are permanent pastures, meadows, grazing lands within the forests etc.


Minerals

The foundry sand is found from Dharamkot near
Batala Batala is the eighth largest city in the state of Punjab, India in terms of population after Ludhiana, Amritsar, Jalandhar, Patiala, Bathinda, Mohali and Hoshiarpur. Batala ranks as the second-oldest city after Bathinda. It is a municipal cor ...
. The deposits are located 6.5 km west of Batala. The sand gives a yellowish tinge on the surface but is reddish brown at about 1 meter depth. The salt occurs in the village Pandori near Dinanagar. It is a source of
potassium nitrate Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with a sharp, salty, bitter taste and the chemical formula . It is a potassium salt of nitric acid. This salt consists of potassium cations and nitrate anions , and is therefore an alkali metal nit ...
which can be used for making crackers and gunpowder, in match and sugar industry and as fertilizer.


Demographics

India
census A census (from Latin ''censere'', 'to assess') is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording, and calculating population information about the members of a given Statistical population, population, usually displayed in the form of stati ...
, Dina Nagar had a population of 21,494. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Dina Nagar has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78% and, female literacy is 69%. In Dina Nagar, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. The table below shows the population of different religious groups in Dina Nagar city and their gender ratio, as of 2011 census.


Politics

The city is part of the Dina Nagar Assembly Constituency.


Transport


Rail

Dinanagar's railway station is connected with the nearest station
Pathankot Pathankot () is a city and the district headquarters of the Pathankot district in Punjab, India. Pathankot is the sixth most populous city of Punjab, after Ludhiana, Amritsar, Jalandhar, Patiala and Bathinda. Its local government is a municipal ...
and
Gurdaspur Gurdaspur is a city in the Majha region of the Indian state of Punjab, between the rivers Beas and Ravi. It houses the administrative headquarters of Gurdaspur District and is in the geographical centre of the district, which shares a bord ...
. From Dinanagar there are many trains to Pathankot and Gurdaspur, and two main trains: Jammu Tawi (Jammu to Tata Nagar) and Pathankot-Delhi express.


Road

National Highway 15 Route 15, or Highway 15, can refer to: For roads named A15, see A15 roads. International * AH15, Asian Highway 15 * European route E15 * European route E015 Australia New South Wales * Hunter Expressway * New England Highway and other local ...
(NH 15) connects
Kandla Kandla is a census town in the Kutch district of Gujarat state in Western India, near the city of Gandhidham. It occupies on the coast of Gulf of Cutch along the banks of the Kandla Creek. According to the 2011 Census of India, Kandla is t ...
in
Gujarat Gujarat () is a States of India, state along the Western India, western coast of India. Its coastline of about is the longest in the country, most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula. Gujarat is the List of states and union territories ...
with Dinanagar in Punjab. A new by-pass for heavy traffic is also made to reduce the heavy traffic transportation with in and through the town.


Colleges

* Swami Sarvanand College of Engineering & Technology * Swami Sarvanand College of Management & Technology * Swami Sarvanand College for B.Ed * Shanti Devi Arya Mahila College * SSM College * Regional College Dinanagar


CBSE School

* Shamrock International School * Greenland Public School * Gobind Public School * Lotus International School * Sumitra Devi Arya sr. sec. School * Kids care International school


PSEB Schools

*Vivekanand Senior Secondary School *Arya Senior Secondary School *SSDAV Senior Secondary School *Prince Modern High School *Government Model Senior Secondary School Boys *Government Girls Senior Secondary School *SS Modern Sr. Sec. School Jhangi *Sarvhitkari Vidya Mandir *S D Modern high school *ॐShivaji Public School


ICSE School

*Little Flower Convent School *ASR school *study centre of health education research council of India. *Regional College Dinanagar


References

{{Gurdaspur district Cities and towns in Gurdaspur district