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The House of Dietrichstein was one of the oldest and most prominent Austrian nobility, Austrian noble families originating in the Duchy of Carinthia. The family belonged to the Uradel, high nobility (German: ''Hochadel''). The Mikulov Castle, Nikolsburg branch was elevated to the rank of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire in 1624, while a member of the Schloss Hollenburg, Hollenburg branch was elevated to the same dignity in 1684. The family held two territories with imperial immediacy – the Principality of Dietrichstein, along with castles in Carinthia and Moravia, and the Barony of Tarasp in Switzerland.
Burgruine Dietrichstein, Dietrichstein Castle near Feldkirchen in Kärnten, Feldkirchen in the Duchy of Carinthia was first mentioned in a deed of 1103. It was probably named long before, after a knight Dietrich von Zeltschach, who, in the 9th century, was in the service of the Luitpoldings, Carinthian dukes. In 1166, the Dietrichstein estates were acquired by the Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg, Prince-Bishops of Bamberg and enfeoffed to a family of ''ministerialis, ministeriales'' officials, who began to call themselves after the castle. When the line became extinct in early 14th century, the fief was inherited by Nikolaus I, another Carinthian ''ministerialis'' from nearby Burgruine Nussberg, Nussberg Castle, whose descendants also called themselves ''von Dietrichstein''.
In the late 15th century, the strategically important fortress overlooking the trade route along the Glan (Gurk), Glan valley down to Sankt Veit an der Glan, Sankt Veit was occupied by the Kingdom of Hungary, Hungarian forces of King Matthias Corvinus and finally destroyed by Ottoman Wars in Europe, Ottoman invaders in 1483. A new castle was erected below the ruins about 1500 and rebuilt in a Neoclassical architecture, Neoclassical style in 1840.
In 1514, Siegmund von Dietrichstein (1484–1533) purchased Schloss Hollenburg, Hollenburg Castle from his father-in-law, the House of Habsburg, Habsburg emperor Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian I, who also elevated him to the noble rank of a ''Freiherr''. He was married to Barbara von Rottal (1500–1550), illegitimate daughter of Emperor Maximilian with Margareta von Edelsheim (d. 1522). In 1572, their son Baron Adam von Dietrichstein (1527–1590) was vested with the extended estates of Mikulov Castle, Nikolsburg (Mikulov) in Margraviate of Moravia, Moravia by Emperor Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian II. Adam's grandson Baron Maximilian II von Dietrichstein was created ''Graf'' (Graf, Count) on 18 September 1612 and his uncle, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Olomouc, Olomouc bishop Franz von Dietrichstein (1570–1636), was elevated as ''Fürst'' (Fürst, Prince) ''von Dietrichstein zu Nikolsburg'' in 1624.
The Nikolsburg branch also acquired the titles of Princely Barony of Tarasp (Imperial immediacy, immediate state of the Holy Roman Empire) in 1684, Count of Prószków, Proskau in 1769, and Count Clan Leslie, Leslie of Balquhain in 1802. In 1803 Napoleon annexed Tarasp to his then puppet Switzerland and relocated their lands in Abbey of Saint Gall, Sankt Gallen’s Wangen im Allgäu, Neuravensburg. After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 their territory was German mediatisation, mediatized by the Kingdom of Württemberg. The line became extinct upon the death of Moritz, Prince of Dietrichstein, Prince Moritz of Dietrichstein in 1864. Four years later, Alexander von Mensdorff-Pouilly, Prince Dietrichstein von Nicolsburg, Alexander von Mensdorff-Pouilly, former Austrian foreign minister and husband of Moritz' cousin Alexandrine, was vested with the title of Fürst, Prince by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria, Franz Joseph I. The Princes of Mensdorff-Pouilly family, Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein died out in male line in 1964 in Argentina, as the last Prince only had one daughter, Olga Maria de las Mercedes Theresia Margarete von Dietrichstein zu Nikolsburg (b. 1932).
The House of Dietrichstein was one of the oldest and most prominent Austrian nobility, Austrian noble families originating in the Duchy of Carinthia. The family belonged to the Uradel, high nobility (German: ''Hochadel''). The Mikulov Castle, Nikolsburg branch was elevated to the rank of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire in 1624, while a member of the Schloss Hollenburg, Hollenburg branch was elevated to the same dignity in 1684. The family held two territories with imperial immediacy – the Principality of Dietrichstein, along with castles in Carinthia and Moravia, and the Barony of Tarasp in Switzerland.
History
Burgruine Dietrichstein, Dietrichstein Castle near Feldkirchen in Kärnten, Feldkirchen in the Duchy of Carinthia was first mentioned in a deed of 1103. It was probably named long before, after a knight Dietrich von Zeltschach, who, in the 9th century, was in the service of the Luitpoldings, Carinthian dukes. In 1166, the Dietrichstein estates were acquired by the Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg, Prince-Bishops of Bamberg and enfeoffed to a family of ''ministerialis, ministeriales'' officials, who began to call themselves after the castle. When the line became extinct in early 14th century, the fief was inherited by Nikolaus I, another Carinthian ''ministerialis'' from nearby Burgruine Nussberg, Nussberg Castle, whose descendants also called themselves ''von Dietrichstein''.
In the late 15th century, the strategically important fortress overlooking the trade route along the Glan (Gurk), Glan valley down to Sankt Veit an der Glan, Sankt Veit was occupied by the Kingdom of Hungary, Hungarian forces of King Matthias Corvinus and finally destroyed by Ottoman Wars in Europe, Ottoman invaders in 1483. A new castle was erected below the ruins about 1500 and rebuilt in a Neoclassical architecture, Neoclassical style in 1840.
In 1514, Siegmund von Dietrichstein (1484–1533) purchased Schloss Hollenburg, Hollenburg Castle from his father-in-law, the House of Habsburg, Habsburg emperor Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian I, who also elevated him to the noble rank of a ''Freiherr''. He was married to Barbara von Rottal (1500–1550), illegitimate daughter of Emperor Maximilian with Margareta von Edelsheim (d. 1522). In 1572, their son Baron Adam von Dietrichstein (1527–1590) was vested with the extended estates of Mikulov Castle, Nikolsburg (Mikulov) in Margraviate of Moravia, Moravia by Emperor Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian II. Adam's grandson Baron Maximilian II von Dietrichstein was created ''Graf'' (Graf, Count) on 18 September 1612 and his uncle, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Olomouc, Olomouc bishop Franz von Dietrichstein (1570–1636), was elevated as ''Fürst'' (Fürst, Prince) ''von Dietrichstein zu Nikolsburg'' in 1624.
The Nikolsburg branch also acquired the titles of Princely Barony of Tarasp (Imperial immediacy, immediate state of the Holy Roman Empire) in 1684, Count of Prószków, Proskau in 1769, and Count Clan Leslie, Leslie of Balquhain in 1802. In 1803 Napoleon annexed Tarasp to his then puppet Switzerland and relocated their lands in Abbey of Saint Gall, Sankt Gallen’s Wangen im Allgäu, Neuravensburg. After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 their territory was German mediatisation, mediatized by the Kingdom of Württemberg. The line became extinct upon the death of Moritz, Prince of Dietrichstein, Prince Moritz of Dietrichstein in 1864. Four years later, Alexander von Mensdorff-Pouilly, Prince Dietrichstein von Nicolsburg, Alexander von Mensdorff-Pouilly, former Austrian foreign minister and husband of Moritz' cousin Alexandrine, was vested with the title of Fürst, Prince by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria, Franz Joseph I. The Princes of Mensdorff-Pouilly family, Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein died out in male line in 1964 in Argentina, as the last Prince only had one daughter, Olga Maria de las Mercedes Theresia Margarete von Dietrichstein zu Nikolsburg (b. 1932).
Princes von Dietrichstein zu Nikolsburg
# Franz von Dietrichstein, Franz Seraph (1570–1636), First Prince of Dietrichstein, Bishop of Olomouc, Cardinal (Catholicism), Cardinal and Landeshauptmann of Moravia. # Maximilian, Prince of Dietrichstein (1596–1655), nephew of the latter # Ferdinand Joseph, Prince of Dietrichstein (1636-1698), son of the latter # Leopold Ignaz Joseph, Prince of Dietrichstein (1660–1708), son of the latter # Walther Franz Xaver Anton, Prince of Dietrichstein (1664–1738), brother of the latter # Karl Maximilian, Prince of Dietrichstein, Karl Maximilian Philipp Franz Xaver, Prince of Dietrichstein (1702–1784), son of the latter # Karl Johann Baptist, Prince of Dietrichstein, Karl Johann Baptist Walther Sigismund Ernest Nepomuk Alois, Prince of Dietrichstein (1728–1808), son of the latter # Franz Joseph, Prince of Dietrichstein, Franz Seraph Joseph Carl Johann Nepomuc Quirin, Prince of Dietrichstein (1767–1854), son of the latter # Joseph Franz, Prince of Dietrichstein (1798–1858), son of the latter # Moritz, Prince of Dietrichstein, Moritz Joseph Johann, Prince of Dietrichstein (1775–1864), son of Prince Karl Johann. In 1857, Alexandrine, daughter of Prince Joseph Franz, married Count Alexander von Mensdorff-Pouilly. He served as Foreign Minister of Austria-Hungary, Foreign Minister and Minister-President of Austria in the 1860s, and in 1868 was created Fürst von Dietrichstein zu Nikolsburg, reviving the title held by his wife's family. # Alexander Constantin, Prince of Dietrichstein (1813–1871) # (1858–1920), son of the latter # (1899–1964), son of the latter, the last holder of the title. The diplomat Count Albert von Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein was a younger son of Prince Alexander Constantin.Other notable members
* Adam von Dietrichstein (1527-1590), the Holy Roman Empire's ambassador to Spain, who married Margarita de Cardona, Margarita Folch de Cardona, member of the powerful Spanish Folch de Cardona, House of Folch-Cardona. They had thirteen children, seven of whom lived to adulthood: **Marie von Dietrichstein (1554 - after 1584) **Anton von Dietrichstein (1555-1555), died in infancy **Anna von Dietrichstein (1558-after 1582) **Sigmund von Dietrichstein, Freiherr von Hollenburg (1560-1602) **Anton von Dietrichstein (1563-1564), died in infancy **Hypolitha von Dietrichstein (1564-1595) **Johanna von Dietrichstein (1565-1570), died in childhood **Maximilian von Dietrichstein (1569 - 29 Mar 1611) **Franz Seraph von Dietrichstein, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, Cardinal (Catholic Church), Cardinal, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Olomouc, Bishop of Olomouc (22 Aug 1570 - 19 Sep 1636) **Beatrix von Dietrichstein (1571-1631) **Elisabeth von Dietrichstein (1572-1580), died in childhood **Margaretha von Dietrichstein (1573-1582), died in childhood **Marianna von Dietrichstein (after 1574-after 1574), died in infancy * Philipp Sigmund of Dietrichstein (1651–1716), Order of the Golden Fleece * Andreas Jakob von Dietrichstein (1689–1753), Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg, Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg * Clotilde Apponyi (1867-1942), Hungarian women's rights activist and diplomat.See also
* Mikulov Castle * Burgruine Dietrichstein * Dietrichstein tombReferences
Further reading
* * {{Authority control Dietrichstein family, Moravian noble families Austrian noble families