Diamond Harbour I
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Diamond Harbour I is a
community development block In India, a community development block (CD block) or simply Block is a sub-division of District, administratively earmarked for planning and development. In tribal areas, similar sub-divisions are called tribal development blocks (TD blocks). T ...
that forms an administrative division in
Diamond Harbour subdivision Diamond Harbour subdivision is an administrative subdivision of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Overview Diamond Harbour subdivision is a rural subdivision with patches of urbanization. Only 14.61% of the populat ...
of
South 24 Parganas district South 24 Parganas (Pron: pɔrɡɔnɔs; abbr. 24 PGS (S)), or sometimes South Twenty Four Parganas and Dakshin 24 Parganas, is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal, headquartered in Alipore previously, with its Zilla Parishad now in ...
in the
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
n
state State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a ...
of
West Bengal West Bengal (; Bengali language, Bengali: , , abbr. WB) is a States and union territories of India, state in the East India, eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabi ...
.


Geography

The Diamond Harbour I CD block is located at . It has an average elevation of . The Diamond Harbour I CD block is bounded by the Falta CD block in the north, the
Magrahat I Magrahat I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Diamond Harbour subdivision of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography Magrahat I CD block is located at . It has an average ...
CD block in the east, the Kulpi CD block and the
Sutahata Sutahata is in Ward No. 1 of Haldia municipality in Haldia subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India. Geography CD block HQ The headquarters of the Sutahata CD block is located at Sutahata. Police station Sut ...
CD block in the
Purba Medinipur district East Medinipur (Alternative spelling ''Midnapore'') district is an administrative unit in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the southernmost district of Medinipur division – one of the five administrative divisions of West Bengal. The ...
, across the Hooghly, in the south, the Diamond Harbour II CD block in the west. The
South 24 Parganas district South 24 Parganas (Pron: pɔrɡɔnɔs; abbr. 24 PGS (S)), or sometimes South Twenty Four Parganas and Dakshin 24 Parganas, is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal, headquartered in Alipore previously, with its Zilla Parishad now in ...
is divided into two distinct physiographic zones: the marine-riverine delta in the north and the marine delta zone in the south. As the sea receded southwards, in the sub-recent
geological period The geologic time scale or geological time scale (GTS) is a representation of time based on the geologic record, rock record of Earth. It is a system of chronological dating that uses chronostratigraphy (the process of relating stratum, strata ...
, a large low-lying plain got exposed. Both tidal inflows and the rivers have been depositing sediments in this plain. The periodical collapse of both the natural
levee A levee ( or ), dike (American English), dyke (British English; see American and British English spelling differences#Miscellaneous spelling differences, spelling differences), embankment, floodbank, or stop bank is an elevated ridge, natural ...
s and man-made embankments speed up the process of filling up of the depressions containing
brackish water Brackish water, sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing seawater (salt water) and fresh water together, as in estuary ...
wetlands. The marine delta in the south is formed of interlacing tidal channels. As non-saline water for irrigation is scarce, agriculture is
monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in Atmosphere of Earth, atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annu ...
dominated. Some parts of the wetlands are still preserved for raising fish. The Diamond Harbour I CD block has an area of 68.43 km2. It has 1 panchayat samity, 8 gram panchayats, 110 gram sansads (village councils), 71
mouza In Bangladesh, Pakistan and parts of India, a mouza or mauza (also mouja) is a type of administrative district, corresponding to a specific land area within which there may be one or more settlements. Before the 20th century, the term referred to a ...
s and 67 inhabited villages, as per the ''District Statistical Handbook'', South Twenty-four Parganas. Patra village is located partly in Diamond Harbour I and partly in Diamond Harbour II CD Block.
Diamond Harbour Diamond Harbour is a town and municipality located in the South 24 Parganas district of the Indian state of West Bengal. Situated on the eastern banks of the Hooghly River, it serves as the administrative headquarters of the Diamond Harbour su ...
and Parulia Coastal police stations serve this CD Block. Headquarters of this CD block is at
Diamond Harbour Diamond Harbour is a town and municipality located in the South 24 Parganas district of the Indian state of West Bengal. Situated on the eastern banks of the Hooghly River, it serves as the administrative headquarters of the Diamond Harbour su ...
. Gram panchayats of the Diamond Harbour I CD block/
panchayat samiti Panchayat samiti or block panchayat is a rural local government ( panchayat) body at the intermediate tehsil (taluka/mandal) or block level in India. It works for the villages of the tehsil that together are called a development block. It has b ...
are: Basuldanga, Bolsiddhi Kalinagar, Derak, Harindanga, Kanpur Dhanaberia, Mashat, Netra and Parulia.


Demographics


Population

According to the 2011 Census of India, the Diamond Harbour I CD block had a total population of 156,166, of which 135,160 were rural and 21,006 were urban. There were 79,816 (51%) males and 76,350 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 21,578. The Scheduled Castes numbered 29,098 (18.63%) and the Scheduled Tribes numbered 12 (0.01%). According to the
2001 Census of India The 2001 census of India was the 14th in a series of censuses held in India every decade since 1871. The population of India was counted as 1,028,737,436 consisting of 532,223,090 males and 496,514,346 females. The total population increased b ...
, the Diamond Harbour I CD block had a total population of 133,356, out of which 68,946 were males and 64,410 were females. The Diamond Harbour I CD block registered a population growth of 16.50 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the
South 24 Parganas district South 24 Parganas (Pron: pɔrɡɔnɔs; abbr. 24 PGS (S)), or sometimes South Twenty Four Parganas and Dakshin 24 Parganas, is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal, headquartered in Alipore previously, with its Zilla Parishad now in ...
was 20.89 per cent. Decadal growth in
West Bengal West Bengal (; Bengali language, Bengali: , , abbr. WB) is a States and union territories of India, state in the East India, eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabi ...
was 17.84 per cent. The Scheduled Castes at 27,932 formed around one-fourth the population. The Scheduled Tribes numbered 217.
Census Town In India and some other countries, a census town is designated as a town that satisfies certain characteristics. India In India, a census town is one which is not statutorily notified and administered as a town, but nevertheless whose population ...
s in the Diamond Harbour I CD block (2011 census figures in brackets): Masat (5,839), Sangrampur (5,669), Mohanpur (4,845) and Durganagar (4,658). Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in the Diamond Harbour I CD block (2011 census figures in brackets): Darikrishnanagar (6,212), Joydebpur (4,370), Pancha Gansinghber (9,312) and Kamalpur (4,563). Other villages in the Diamond Harbour I CD block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Parulia (1,825), Basuldanga (1,749), Bolsiddhi (3,119), Kanpur (2,467), Uttar Diarak (3,295) and Netra (3,577).


Literacy

According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in the Diamond Harbour I CD block was 101,907 (75.72% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 55,865 (81.12% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 46,042 (70.06% of the female population over 6 years). The
gender disparity Sex differences in humans have been studied in a variety of fields. Sex chromosome#Sex determination, Sex determination generally occurs by the presence or absence of a Y chromosome in the 23rd pair of chromosomes in the human genome. ''phenot ...
(the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 11.06%. According to the 2011 Census of India, literacy in the
South 24 Parganas South 24 Parganas (Pron: pɔrɡɔnɔs; abbr. 24 PGS (S)), or sometimes South Twenty Four Parganas and Dakshin 24 Parganas, is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal, headquartered in Alipore previously, with its Zilla Parishad now in Ba ...
district was 77.51 Literacy in
West Bengal West Bengal (; Bengali language, Bengali: , , abbr. WB) is a States and union territories of India, state in the East India, eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabi ...
was 77.08% in 2011. Literacy in
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
in 2011 was 74.04%. According to the
2001 Census of India The 2001 census of India was the 14th in a series of censuses held in India every decade since 1871. The population of India was counted as 1,028,737,436 consisting of 532,223,090 males and 496,514,346 females. The total population increased b ...
, the Diamond Harbour I CD block had a total literacy of 67.13 per cent for the 6+ age group. While male literacy was 76.53 per cent female literacy was 56.93 per cent.
South 24 Parganas South 24 Parganas (Pron: pɔrɡɔnɔs; abbr. 24 PGS (S)), or sometimes South Twenty Four Parganas and Dakshin 24 Parganas, is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal, headquartered in Alipore previously, with its Zilla Parishad now in Ba ...
district had a total literacy of 69.45 per cent, male literacy being 79.19 per cent and female literacy being 59.01 per cent. See also –
List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate This is a list of districts in the Indian state of West Bengal ranked by literacy rate as per provisional data of 2011 census. With a literacy rate of 96.26% (male 90.69% and female 96.54%), above the national average of 90.04%, as per the 2011 C ...


Language

At the time of the 2011 census, 99.83% of the population spoke
Bengali Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to: *something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia * Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region * Bengali language, the language they speak ** Bengali alphabet, the w ...
, 0.14%
Hindi Modern Standard Hindi (, ), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the Standard language, standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in the Devanagari script. It is an official language of India, official language of the Government ...
and 0.02%
Urdu Urdu (; , , ) is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. It is the Languages of Pakistan, national language and ''lingua franca'' of Pakistan. In India, it is an Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of Indi ...
as their first language.


Religion

In the 2011 Census of India, Muslims numbered 81,453 and formed 52.16% of the population in the Diamond Harbour I CD block. Hindus numbered 74,519 and formed 47.72% of the population. Others numbered 194 and formed 0.12% of the population. In 2001, Hindus and Muslims were 51.89% and 48.05% of the population respectively. The proportion of Hindus in the South Twenty-four Parganas district has declined from 76.0% in 1961 to 63.2% in 2011. The proportion of Muslims in the South Twenty-four Parganas district has increased from 23.4% to 35.6% during the same period. Christians formed 0.8% in 2011.


Rural poverty

According to the ''
Human Development Report The Human Development Report (HDR) is an annual Human Development Index report published by the Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The first HDR was launched in 1990 by the Pakistani economist Ma ...
'' for the South 24 Parganas district, published in 2009, in the Diamond Harbour I CD block the percentage of households
below poverty line Below Poverty Line is a benchmark used by the government of India to indicate economic disadvantage and to identify individuals and households in need of government assistance and aid. It is determined using various parameters which vary from s ...
was 24.27%, a moderate level of poverty. In the north-east and mid central portion of the district, all CD blocks, with the exception of the Kulpi CD block, had poverty rates below 30%. As per the rural household survey in 2005, the proportion of households in the South 24 Parganas with poverty rates below poverty line was 34.11%, way above the state and national poverty ratios. The poverty rates were very high in the
Sundarbans settlements Sundarbans (; pronounced ) is a mangrove forest area in the Ganges Delta formed by the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers in the Bay of Bengal. It spans the area from the Hooghly River in India's state of West Bengal to t ...
with all the thirteen CD blocks registering poverty ratios above 30% and eight CD blocks had more than 40% of the population in the BPL category.


Economy


Livelihood

In the Diamond Harbour I CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 3,601 and formed 6.87%, agricultural labourers numbered 11,694 and formed 22.32%, household industry workers numbered 3,782 and formed 7.22% and other workers numbered 33,308 and formed 63.58%. Total workers numbered 52,385 and formed 33.54% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 103,781 and formed 66.46% of the population. The ''District Human Development Report'' points out that in the blocks of the region situated in the close proximity of the Kolkata metropolis, overwhelming majority are involved in the non-agricultural sector for their livelihood. On the other hand, in the Sundarbans settlements, overwhelming majority are dependent on agriculture. In the intermediate region, there is again predominance of the non-agricultural sector. Though the region is not very close to Kolkata, many places are well connected and some industrial/ economic development has taken place. Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.


Infrastructure

There are 67 inhabited villages in the Diamond Harbour I CD block, as per the ''District Census Handbook, South Twenty-four Parganas, 2011''. 100% villages have power supply. 67 villages (100%) have drinking water supply. 14 villages (20.90%) have post offices. 60 villages (89.55%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 36 villages (53.73%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 25 villages (37.31%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 2 villages (2.99%) have agricultural credit societies and 3 villages (4.48%) have banks.


Agriculture

The South 24 Parganas had played a significant role in the
Tebhaga movement The Tebhaga movement (1946–1947) was significant peasant agitation, initiated in Bengal by the All India Kisan Sabha of peasant front of the Communist Party of India. History At that time, landlords required tenant farmers and sharecroppe ...
launched by the
Communist Party of India The Communist Party of India (CPI) is a political party in India. The CPI considers the Foundation of the Communist Party of India, December 26, 1925 Cawnpore (Kanpur) conference as its foundation date. Between 1946 and 1951, the CPI led m ...
in 1946. Subsequently, '' Operation Barga'' was aimed at securing tenancy rights for the peasants. In Diamond Harbour I CD block 480.83 acres of land was acquired and vested. Out of this 211.67 acres or 44.01% of the vested land was distributed. The total number of patta (document) holders was 1,804. According to the ''District Human Development Report'' agriculture is an important source of livelihood in the South Twentyfour Parganas district. The amount of cultivable land per agricultural worker is only 0.41 hectare in the district. Moreover, the irrigation facilities have not been extended to a satisfactory scale. Agriculture mostly remains a mono-cropped activity. As per the ''District Census Handbook'', the saline soil of the district is unfit for cultivation, but the non-salty lands are very fertile. While rice is the main food crop, jute is the main cash crop. In 2013-14, there were 52 fertiliser depots, 12 seed stores and 37 fair price shops in the Diamond Harbour I CD block. In 2013–14, the Diamond Harbour I CD block produced 6,819 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 3,141 hectares, 1,398 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 541 hectares, 7,562 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 2,414 hectares, 796 tonnes of potatoes from 41 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.


Pisciculture

In Diamond Harbour I CD block, in 2013-14, the net area under effective pisciculture was 1,724 hectares, engaging 19,219 persons in the profession, and with an approximate annual production of 108,132 quintals. Pisciculture is an important source of employment in the South 24 Parganas district. As of 2001, more than 4.5 lakh people were engaged in pisciculture. Out of this 2.57 lakhs were from the 13 blocks in the
Sundarbans settlements Sundarbans (; pronounced ) is a mangrove forest area in the Ganges Delta formed by the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers in the Bay of Bengal. It spans the area from the Hooghly River in India's state of West Bengal to t ...
.


Banking

In 2013-14, Diamond Harbour I CD block had offices of 11 commercial banks.


Backward Regions Grant Fund

The South 24 Parganas district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the
Backward Regions Grant Fund The Backward Regions Grant Fund (BRGF) is an Indian government program designed to "address regional imbalances in development." The programme was launched by Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh at Barpeta, Assam on 19 February 2007. The BRG ...
. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.


Transport

The Diamond Harbour I CD block has 1 ferry service and 10 originating/ terminating bus routes. Netra, Basuldanga, Gurudas Nagar and
Diamond Harbour Diamond Harbour is a town and municipality located in the South 24 Parganas district of the Indian state of West Bengal. Situated on the eastern banks of the Hooghly River, it serves as the administrative headquarters of the Diamond Harbour su ...
are stations on the Sealdah South section.


Education

In 2013-14, the Diamond Harbour I CD block had 81 primary schools with 7,938 students, 7 middle schools with 474 students, 6 high schools with 1,824 students and 12 higher secondary schools with 9,936 students. Diamond Harbour I CD block had 227 institutions for special and non-formal education with 10,635 students. Diamond Harbour municipal area (outside the CD blocks) had a general degree college with 5,213 students. See also –
Education in India Education in India is primarily managed by the state-run public education system, which falls under the command of the government at three levels: Government of India, central, States and Territories of India, state and Local government in In ...
According to the 2011 census, in the Diamond Harbour I CD block, amongst the 67 inhabited villages, 4 villages did not have a school, 23 villages had two or more primary schools, 20 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 16 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.


Healthcare

In 2014, the Diamond Harbour I CD block had 1 rural hospital, 2 primary health centres and 7 private nursing homes with total 86 beds and 16 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 18 family welfare subcentres. 1,531 patients were treated indoor and 141,941 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block. According to the 2011 census, in the Diamond Harbour I CD block, 7 villages had community health centres, 2 villages had primary health centres, 25 villages had primary health subcentres, 3 villages had maternity and child welfare centres, 6 villages had medicine shops and out of the 67 inhabited villages 34 villages had no medical facilities. Panchagram ( Netra) Rural Hospital at PO Panchagram Singhi, with 30 beds, is the major government medical facility in the Diamond Harbour I CD block. There are primary health centres at Bardron (PO Hatuganj) (with 10 beds) and Raghunathpur ( Masat) (with 6 beds).


References

{{Municipalities of West Bengal Community development blocks in South 24 Parganas district Diamond Harbour