Worlds First Diagrid Hyperboloid by Shukhov 1896

A diagrid (a

portmanteau A portmanteau word, or portmanteau (, ) is a blend of wordsframework of diagonally intersecting metal, concrete, or wooden beams that is used in the construction of buildings and roofs. It requires less

structural steel Structural steel is a category of steel used for making construction materials in a variety of shapes. Many structural steel shapes take the form of an elongated beam having a profile of a specific cross section. Structural steel shapes, siz ...

than a conventional

steel frame Steel frame is a building technique with a " skeleton frame" of vertical steel columns and horizontal I-beams, constructed in a rectangular grid to support the floors, roof and walls of a building which are all attached to the frame. The devel ...

. Hearst Tower in New York City, designed by Norman Foster, uses 21 percent less steel than a standard design. The diagrid obviates the need for

column A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member ...

s and can be used to make large column-free expanses of roofing. Another iconic building designed by Foster,

30 St Mary Axe 30 St Mary Axe (previously known as the Swiss Re Building and informally known as the Gherkin) is a commercial skyscraper in London's primary financial district, the City of London. It was completed in December 2003 and opened in April 2004. ...

, in London, UK, known as "The Gherkin", also uses the diagrid system. British architect Ian Ritchie wrote in 2012:

Buildings utilizing diagrid

* Shukhov Tower in Polibino, Polibino, Russia (1896) * Shukhov Rotunda at the All-Russia exhibition, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia (1896) * Shukhov Tower, Moscow, Russia * Hearst Tower, New York, USA *

, London, England *

1 The Avenue 1 The Avenue is a building in Spinningfields, Manchester. It is situated on Deansgate adjacent to the grade-I listed John Rylands Library. Architecture The building consists of two mirror-image parallelograms, stacked one on top of the other, res ...

, Manchester, England *

CCTV Headquarters The CCTV Headquarters serves as the headquarters for China Central Television (CCTV) formerly located at the old China Central Television Building some to the west. Feted by architecture critics as perhaps "the greatest work of architect ...

, Beijing, China * The Bow, Calgary, Canada * Seattle Central Library, Seattle, USA *

Capital Gate Capital Gate, also known as the Leaning Tower of Abu Dhabi, is a skyscraper in Abu Dhabi that is over tall, 35 stories high, with over of usable office space. Capital Gate is one of the tallest buildings in the city and was designed to incline ...

, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates * Aldar headquarters, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates *

Guangzhou International Finance Center Guangzhou International Finance Center or Guangzhou West Tower, is a 103- story, skyscraper at Zhujiang Avenue West in the Tianhe District of Guangzhou, Guangdong. One half of the Guangzhou Twin Towers, it is the 24th tallest building in the ...

, Guangzhou, China *

Queen Elizabeth II Great Court The Queen Elizabeth II Great Court, commonly referred to simply as the Great Court, is the covered central quadrangle of the British Museum in London. It was redeveloped during the late 1990s to a design by Foster and Partners, from a 1970 ...

at the

British Museum The British Museum is a public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London. Its permanent collection of eight million works is among the largest and most comprehensive in existence. It docume ...

, London, England *

Nagoya Dome The Nagoya Dome (ナゴヤドーム), known as Vantelin Dome Nagoya (バンテリンドームナゴヤ) for sponsoring reasons, is a baseball field, constructed in 1997, located in the city of Nagoya, Japan. The dome has the capacity to seat up ...

, Nagoya, Japan *

Westhafen Tower Westhafen Tower is a https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/westhafen-tower/4898 30-storey skyscraper in the Gutleutviertel district of Frankfurt, Germany. The building was designed by the architects Schneider & Schumacher and was completed i ...

, Frankfurt, Germany * Merdeka 118,

Kuala Lumpur , anthem = ''Maju dan Sejahtera'' , image_map = , map_caption = , pushpin_map = Malaysia#Southeast Asia#Asia , pushpin_map_caption = , coordinates = , sub ...

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...

* MyZeil, Frankfurt, Germany * The Crystal, Copenhagen, Denmark *

United Steelworkers Building The United Steelworkers Building, originally named the IBM Building and also known as the I.W. Abel Building or Five Gateway Center, is a highrise office building in Downtown Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was built by the Equitable Life Assurance ...

, Pittsburgh, USA *

Tornado Tower The Tornado Tower, also called the QIPCO Tower, is a high-rise office skyscraper in the city of Doha, Qatar. The building stands at a height of tall with 52 floors. History Construction began in 2006 and was completed in 2008. It was built by ...

, Doha, Qatar * Newfoundland Quay, London, England *

Lotte World Tower The Lotte World Tower () is a 123-story Megatall skyscraper located in Sincheon-dong, Songpa, Seoul, South Korea. It opened to the public on April 3, 2017, and is currently the tallest building in South Korea and the sixth tallest in the wor ...

, Seoul, Republic of Korea

References

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Bibliography

Design and construction of steel diagrid structures
by K. Moon, School of Architecture,

Yale University Yale University is a Private university, private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the List of Colonial Colleges, third-oldest institution of higher education in the United Sta ...

The diagrid system of Hearst Tower
by the Steel Institute of New York Building Construction Building engineering Roofs Structural system

Buildings utilizing diagrid

See also

References

Bibliography