''Desulfitobacterium hafniense'' is a species of gram positive bacteria, its type strain is DCB-2
T.
( NCBI taxonomy ID 272564; DSM 10664).
''D. hafniense'' are anaerobic
spore
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual reproduction, sexual (in fungi) or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for biological dispersal, dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores fo ...
-forming bacteria. The majority of the described isolates are facultatively organohalide respiring bacteria capable of reductive
dechlorination
In organochlorine chemistry, reductive dechlorination describes any chemical reaction which cleaves the covalent bond between carbon and chlorine via reductants, to release chloride ions. Many modalities have been implemented, depending on the ...
of
organohalides
Halocarbon compounds are chemical compounds in which one or more carbon atoms are linked by covalent bonds with one or more halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine – ) resulting in the formation of organofluorine compounds, orga ...
such as
chlorophenol
A chlorophenol is any organochloride of phenol that contains one or more covalent, covalently bonded chlorine atoms. There are five basic types of chlorophenols (mono- to pentachlorophenol) and 19 different chlorophenols in total when positional is ...
s, and
tetrachloroethene
Tetrachloroethylene, also known as perchloroethylene or under the systematic name tetrachloroethene, and abbreviations such as perc (or PERC), and PCE, is a chlorocarbon with the formula . It is a non-flammable, stable, colorless and heavy liqu ...
. The cells of ''D. hafniense'' are rod-shaped and 3.3 to 6
μm
The micrometre (Commonwealth English as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American English), also commonly known by the non-SI term micron, is a unit of length in the International System ...
long by 0.6 to 0.7 μm wide, they are
motile
Motility is the ability of an organism to move independently using metabolic energy. This biological concept encompasses movement at various levels, from whole organisms to cells and subcellular components.
Motility is observed in animals, mi ...
, each cell having one or two terminal
flagella
A flagellum (; : flagella) (Latin for 'whip' or 'scourge') is a hair-like appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, from fungal spores ( zoospores), and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility. Many pr ...
. All tested strains are resistant to the antibiotic
vancomycin
Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic medication used to treat certain bacterial infections. It is administered intravenously ( injection into a vein) to treat complicated skin infections, bloodstream infections, endocarditis, bone an ...
.
Over the years several additional strains belonging to the ''hafniense'' species has been described from a diverse range of environments. Strains PCP-1, TCE1, DP7, TCP-A and G2 were originally published as members of a separate species ''Frappieri,'' but all are today considered as belonging to the ''hafniense'' species.
Genomes
The genome of D. hafniense contains the machinery for both
pyrrolysine
Pyrrolysine (symbol Pyl or O), encoded by the 'amber' stop codon UAG, is a proteinogenic amino acid that is used in some methanogenic archaea and in bacteria. It consists of lysine with a 4-methylpyrroline-5-carboxylate in amide linkage with the ...
and
selenocysteine
Selenocysteine (symbol Sec or U, in older publications also as Se-Cys) is the 21st proteinogenic amino acid. Selenoproteins contain selenocysteine residues. Selenocysteine is an analogue of the more common cysteine with selenium in place of the ...
, making it the only known organism that potentially utilizes 22 amino acids in protein translation.
[ Herring, S.; Ambrogelly, A.; Polycarpo, C. R.; Soll, D. Recognition of Pyrrolysine TRNA by the Desulfitobacterium Hafniense Pyrrolysyl-TRNA Synthetase. Nucleic Acids Research 2007, 35 (4), 1270–1278. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkl1151.
]
''Desulfitobacterium hafniense'' strain DCB-2
T has a single circular genome that contains 5.78 Mbp encoding 5,045 genes. The genome of ''Desulfitobacterium hafniense'' strain DCB-2
T harbors seven genes encoding reductive dehalogenases, five of these seems to be functional and two are disrupted by mutations.
Full genome sequence information is available for nine ''desulfitobacterium hafniense'' strains. They all have genome sizes ranging from 5 to 5,7 Mbp, none of the sequenced strains contains any plasmids. The genomes encodes only limited numbers of
reductive dehalogenases, in addition to genes for utilizing a wide range of electron donors and acceptors.
References
Further reading
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External links
LPSN*
Type strain of ''Desulfitobacterium hafniense'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
{{DEFAULTSORT:Desulfitobacterium hafniense
Peptococcaceae
Bacteria described in 1996