The Constitutional Liberal Party (, '), most commonly known as Destour, was a Tunisian
political party
A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular area's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific political ideology, ...
, founded in 1920, which had as its goal to liberate
Tunisia
Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia also shares m ...
from
French colonial control.
History
The term ''Destour'' is usually translated as ''constitutional'', and referred to the Tunisian constitution of 1863—the first in the
Arab world
The Arab world ( '), formally the Arab homeland ( '), also known as the Arab nation ( '), the Arabsphere, or the Arab states, comprises a large group of countries, mainly located in West Asia and North Africa. While the majority of people in ...
. It is probably of
Persian origin through the presence of
Turkish in Northern Africa during the 17th to the 19th century. There is no trace of this word in the
Arabic
Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns lang ...
spoken during the pre-
Islamic
Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...
period, nor in the
Quran
The Quran, also Romanization, romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a Waḥy, revelation directly from God in Islam, God (''Allah, Allāh''). It is organized in 114 chapters (, ) which ...
or
hadith
Hadith is the Arabic word for a 'report' or an 'account f an event and refers to the Islamic oral tradition of anecdotes containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the Islamic prophet Muhammad or his immediate circle ...
s, nor in the Arabic language literature during the period preceding the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
, during which this word began to be used in
Egypt
Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...
.
The party wanted to remove all French influence from Tunisia and return to an earlier time. The students, faculty, and alumni of the
University of Ez-Zitouna
Ez-Zitouna University (, ) is an Ancient higher-learning institutions, ancient public university in Tunis, Tunisia. The university originated in the Al-Zaytuna Mosque, founded at the end of the 7th or in the early 8th century, which developed into ...
became an integral part of the 1920s Destour party. As time passed, graduates from
Sadiki College took high level positions in the party, while Zitouna graduates formed its lower and middle cadres.
[Micaud 93.]
In 1934, a radical wing of the party, led by
Habib Bourguiba
Habib Bourguiba (3 August 19036 April 2000) was a Tunisian politician and statesman who served as the Head of Government of Tunisia, prime minister of the Kingdom of Tunisia from 1956 to 1957, and then as the first president of Tunisia from 1 ...
,
split away and founded the
Neo-Destour
The New Constitutional Liberal Party (, '; French language, French: ''Nouveau Parti libéral constitutionnel''), most commonly known as Neo Destour, was a Tunisian political party founded in 1934 in Dar Ayed, the house of independence activist Ah ...
, which would quickly become the leading force in the Tunisian nationalist movement in the following years.
After Tunisia's independence Destour progressively fell into irrelevance and was eclipsed by Neo-Destour. It continued to publish its newspaper ''Al Istiklal'' until 1960 and was eventually disbanded in 1963, when Neo-Destour was declared the only legal party in Tunisia.
Leaders
*
Abdelaziz Thâalbi
Abdelaziz Thâalbi (عبد العزيز الثعالبي, September 5, 1876 – October 1, 1944) was a Tunisian politician. He was one of the founding members of the Destour party.
Early life
Abdelaziz Thâalbi's father was a notary whos ...
(1920-1923)
* Ahmed Essafi (1923-1935)
*
Salah Farhat (1935-1963)
Founding members
*
Ahmed Taoufik El Madani
*
Ahmed Essafi
*
Salah Farhat
*
Ali Kahia
*
Mohieddine Klibi
*
Hamouda Mestiri
*
Ahmed Sakka
*
Abdelaziz Thâalbi
Abdelaziz Thâalbi (عبد العزيز الثعالبي, September 5, 1876 – October 1, 1944) was a Tunisian politician. He was one of the founding members of the Destour party.
Early life
Abdelaziz Thâalbi's father was a notary whos ...
*
Habib Zouiten
*
Hassen Guellaty
See also
*
Neo Destour
*''
Parti Socialiste Destourian'' (PSD)
*''
Rassemblement Constitutionel Démocratique'' (RCD)
Notes
References
* Micaud, Charles A. "Bilingualism in North Africa: Cultural and Sociopolitical Implications." ''
The Western Political Quarterly''. March 1974. Volume 27, Issue 1. p. 92–103
Available onJstor
JSTOR ( ; short for ''Journal Storage'') is a digital library of academic journals, books, and primary sources founded in 1994. Originally containing digitized back issues of academic journals, it now encompasses books and other primary source ...
External links
History of the beginning of the Destour
{{Tunisian political parties
Arab nationalism in Tunisia
Arab nationalist political parties
Destourian parties
Political parties established in 1920
Political parties disestablished in 1963
Defunct political parties in Tunisia
Pan-Arabist political parties