The Dermatology life Quality Index (DLQI) is a ten-question questionnaire used to measure the impact of

skin disease A skin condition, also known as cutaneous condition, is any medical condition that affects the integumentary system—the organ system that encloses the body and includes skin, Nail (anatomy), nails, and related muscle and glands. The major funct ...

on the quality of life of an affected person. It is designed for people aged 16 years and above.

History

The DLQI was created by Andrew Y Finlay and Gul Karim Khan from 1990 to 1994 at the Department of Dermatology,

University of Wales College of Medicine The Cardiff University School of Medicine () is the medical school of Cardiff University and is located in Cardiff, Wales, UK. Founded in 1893 as part of the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, it is the oldest of the three med ...

(now Cardiff University), Cardiff, UK. 120 patients with a variety of skin diseases completed a questionnaire that asked them to write down all of the ways that their skin disease affected their lives. 49 different ways were identified, and these were used as the basis of the questions of the DLQI. The DLQI was first presented at the

British Association of Dermatologists The British Association of Dermatologists is a charity established in 1920 whose charitable objects are the practice, teaching, training, and research of dermatology. It produces the ''British Journal of Dermatology The ''British Journal of De ...

annual meeting in July 1993 and described in an article published in 1994 in ''Clinical and Experimental Dermatology''. This article has become one of the most frequently cited articles in clinical dermatology. The DLQI is the most frequently used method for evaluating quality of life for patients with different skin conditions.

Questionnaire description

There are 10 questions, covering the following topics: symptoms, embarrassment, shopping and home care, clothes, social and leisure, sport, work or study, close relationships, sex, treatment. Each question refers to the impact of the skin disease on the patient’s life over the previous week.

Language availability

The DLQI has been translated into over 140 languages. The full translations are available at the Cardiff University Department of Dermatology website.Cardiff University Department of Dermatology website www.cardiff.ac.uk/medicine/resources/quality-of-life-questionnaires/dermatology-life-quality-index

Scoring

Each question is scored from 0 to 3, giving a possible score range from 0 (meaning no impact of skin disease on quality of life) to 30 (meaning maximum impact on quality of life).

Meaning of DLQI scores

A series of validated “band descriptors” were described in 2005 to give meaning to the scores of the DLQI. These bands are as follows: 0-1 = No effect on patient’s life, 2-5 = Small effect, 6-10 = Moderate effect, 11-20 = Very large effect, 21-30 = Extremely large effect. The Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) is the score difference that is the minimum meaningful difference for a patient. Although previously considered to be 5, the DLQI MCID for inflammatory skin diseases should be considered to be a score difference of 4.

Conversion to EQ-5D scores

DLQI scores can be converted to EQ-5D utility values.

Uses of DLQI

Clinical practice

The DLQI can provide clinicians with more accurate insight into the impairment of quality of life experienced by individual patients. This may lead to more appropriate clinical decisions. The DLQI can also be used when required by national guidelines, for example in the management of

psoriasis Psoriasis is a long-lasting, noncontagious autoimmune disease characterized by patches of abnormal skin. These areas are red, pink, or purple, dry, itchy, and scaly. Psoriasis varies in severity from small localized patches to complete b ...

Smith CH, Anstey AV, Barker JNWN, Burden AD, Chalmers RJG, Chandler DA, Finlay AY, Griffiths CEM, Jackson K, McHugh NJ, McKenna KE, Reynolds NJ, Ormerod AD. "British Association of Dermatologists’ guidelines for biologic interventions for psoriasis" 2009. ''British Journal of Dermatology'' 2009; 161: 987-1019. or hand eczema.

Guidelines

The DLQI is recommended for use in national treatment guidelines, and to assist management decisions, in many countries, including: Australia, Canada, Bulgaria,Rencz F, Kemény L, Gajdácsi JZ, Owczarek W, Arenberger P, Tiplica GS, Stanimirović A, Niewada M, Petrova G, Marinov LT, Péntek M, Brodszky V, Gulácsi L. Use of biologics for psoriasis in Central and Eastern European countries. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29(11):2222-30. Croatia, Czech Republic, England and Wales, Europe, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Norway, Poland, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Scotland, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey and Venezuela.

Research

The DLQI has been used as a patient reported outcome measure in many published clinical research studies.Basra MKA, Fenech R, Gatt RM, Salek MS, Finlay AY. The Dermatology Life Quality Index 1994-2007: A comprehensive review of validation data and clinical results. British Journal of Dermatology 2008; 159: 997-1035. For example, it has been used to assess novel drugs, models of clinical care, in audit of clinical services and in assessment of teledermatology. The DLQI is the most widely used quality of life outcome measure in randomised controlled trials of therapies for psoriasis.

Rule of Tens

The Rule of Tens is a concept to aid clinicians in making the diagnosis of “severe psoriasis”.Finlay AY. "Current severe psoriasis and the Rule of Tens". ''British Journal of Dermatology'' 2005; 152: 861-867. It states that a patient is considered to have “severe psoriasis” if their

body surface area In physiology and medicine, the body surface area (BSA) is the measured or calculated surface area of a human body. For many clinical purposes, BSA is a better indicator of metabolic mass than body weight because it is less affected by abnormal ad ...

affected is >10%, or if their Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score is >10, or if the DLQI score is >10. The Rule of Tens has influenced national guidelines concerning the criteria to be fulfilled before starting a patient on biological therapy.

Copyright

The DLQI is

copyright A copyright is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the exclusive legal right to copy, distribute, adapt, display, and perform a creative work, usually for a limited time. The creative work may be in a literary, artistic, ...

ed but the originators allow it to be used for routine clinical purposes without seeking permission and without charge.

E-delivery

The DLQI has been validated for use on tablets such as the iPad.

Systematic reviews of DLQI usage

Several systematic reviews have been carried out documenting the use of the DLQI. The DLQI has been used as an outcome measure in 454 randomised controlled trials, involving 69 diseases and 43 countries. In 24 randomised control trials the DLQI was used as a primary outcome measure. The DLQI has been used as a benchmark in the validation of 101 quality of life instruments. A systematic review of 207 studies has described aspects of the validation of the DLQI. Vyas J, Johns JR, Ali FM, Singh RK, Ingram JR, Salek S, Finlay AY. A systematic review of 207 studies describing validation aspects of the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Acta Dermato-Venereologica 2024 (in press) The 207 articles included 58,828 patients from >49 different countries and 41 diseases met the inclusion criteria. The DLQI demonstrated strong test–retest reliability; 43 studies confirmed good internal consistency, Twelve studies used anchors to assess change responsiveness with effect sizes from small to large, giving confidence that the DLQI responds appropriately to change. Forty-two studies tested known-groups validity, providing confidence in construct and use of the DLQI over many parameters, including disease severity, anxiety, depression, stigma, scarring, well-being, sexual function, disease location and duration.

References

{{Reflist Dermatologic terminology