In
grammar, denominal verbs are
verbs derived from
nouns.
Many languages have regular
morphological indicators to create denominal verbs.
English
English examples are ''to school'', from ''school'', meaning to instruct; ''to shelve'', from ''shelf'', meaning to put on shelves; and ''to symbolize'', from ''symbol'', meaning to be a symbol for.
Some common denominalizing
affixes in English are ''-ize/-ise'' (e.g., ''summarize''), ''-ify'' (e.g., ''classify''), ''-ate'' (e.g., ''granulate''), ''en-'' (e.g., ''enslave''), ''be-'' (e.g., ''behead''), and
zero or ''-∅'' (e.g., ''school'').
A variety of semantic relations are expressed between the base noun X and the derived verb. Although there is no simple relationship between the affix and the semantic relation,
[Carolyn A. Gottfurcht, ''Denominal Verb Formation in English'', Ph.D. dissertation, Northwestern University, 200]
full text
/ref> there are semantic regularities that can define certain subclasses. Some common terms used to refer to these subclasses include: locative
In grammar, the locative case (abbreviated ) is a grammatical case which indicates a location. It corresponds vaguely to the English prepositions "in", "on", "at", and "by". The locative case belongs to the general local cases, together with the ...
: to put something in X, e.g., ''box'', ''hospitalize''
* instrumental: to use X, e.g., ''sponge'', ''hammer''
* ablative: to remove something from X, e.g., ''deplane'', ''unsaddle''
* privative: to remove X from something, e.g., ''pit (olives)'', ''behead'', ''bone, defrost''
* ornative: to add X to something or to cover something with X, e.g., ''rubberize'', ''salt''
* similative: to act like or resemble X, e.g., ''tyrannize'', ''guard''
* performative
In the philosophy of language and speech acts theory, performative utterances are sentences which not only describe a given reality, but also change the social reality they are describing.
In a 1955 lecture series, later published as ''How to D ...
: to do or perform X, e.g., ''botanize'', ''tango''
Rgyalrong
In Rgyalrong languages, denominal derivations are extremely developed and have given rise to incorporating and antipassive constructions (Jacques 2012, 2014).
Latin
Many Latin verbs are denominal.
See also
* Deverbal noun, where the noun is formed from the verb.
References
Verb types
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