Deng Yanda ( zh , s=邓演达 , t=鄧演達 , p=Dèng Yǎndá , j=dang⁶ jin²daat⁶, 1 March 1895 – 29 November 1931) was a military officer in the Chinese Nationalist Party. He broke with party leaders in 1927, denouncing them as traitors to the party's original principles and in 1930 attempted to form a new party, which he called the Provisional Action Committee of the Chinese Nationalist Party, which others have called the Thir
Party
It was later renamed the

Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party The Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party (CPWDP) is one of the eight minor Democratic parties (China), democratic parties in the China, People's Republic of China under the direction of the Chinese Communist Party. The party was offi ...

. In 1931 he was convicted of treason by the Nationalist government and secretly executed. Today, Deng is recognized as a revolutionary martyr by the

People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

Life

Deng Yanda was born in

Huizhou Huizhou ( zh, c= ) is a city in east-central Guangdong Province, China, forty-three miles north of Hong Kong. Huizhou borders the provincial capital of Guangzhou to the west, Shenzhen and Dongguan to the southwest, Shaoguan to the north, Hey ...

County,

Guangdong ) means "wide" or "vast", and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in AD 226. The name "''Guang''" ultimately came from Guangxin ( zh, labels=no, first=t, t= , s=广信), an outpost established in Han dynasty ...

province. He was educated in military schools in Guangdong and Wuhan, graduating from Baoding Military Academy in 1919. Deng was recruited to the Guangdong Army in 1920 and fought under the Nationalist officer Deng Keng. When Sun Yat-sen announced his policy of alliance with the Soviet Union in 1923, Deng strongly supported it and was appointed to the preparatory committee for the Whampoa Military Academy which the Russians helped the Chinese Nationalists build. He was an important commander in the

Northern Expedition The Northern Expedition was a military campaign launched by the National Revolutionary Army (NRA) of the Kuomintang (KMT) against the Beiyang government and other regional warlords in 1926. The purpose of the campaign was to reunify China prop ...

(1926–1928) which the Nationalists launched to unify China. When Chiang Kai-shek broke with the

Chinese Communist Party The Communist Party of China (CPC), also translated into English as Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and One-party state, sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Founded in 1921, the CCP emerged victorious in the ...

and Russia, Deng denounced Chiang and left China for Russia and Europe, where he lived from 1927 to 1930.Boorman, "Teng Yen-ta" 263. On his return to China, Deng formed a new party, which he called the Provisional Action Committee of the Chinese Nationalist Party or Third Party (renamed

in 1947). By the mid-1920s, most of the Chinese political parties that were founded during the early years of the Republican era had disappeared from the political circles. There remained only two parties that became the decisive forces to the destiny of the country – the

(CCP) and the Kuomintang (KMT) after its reshuffle. In 1927, the cooperation between the CCP and the KMT broke down. Chiang Kai-shek brought a policy of slaughter and armed-suppression to the CCP. To contend against the KMT, the Chinese Communists were forced to shift their bases to the countryside and mountain areas. Since then, the prolonged life-and-death struggle between the two political parties emerged in China. Against the background of this division of Chinese politics into two opposing parties, Deng's party, also known as the Third Party came into being. Deng vigorously attacked Chiang Kai-shek as a dictator, angering the Nationalist government in Nanjing. He further angered them when he supported an anti-Chiang secessionist movement in Guangzhou in 1931. He was arrested in Shanghai's International Settlement on 17 August 1931, and extradited to Nanjing, where he was executed on 29 November 1931. His tomb is located near Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum on

Zhongshan Zhongshan ( zh, c=中山 ), alternately romanized via Cantonese as Chungshan, is a prefecture-level city in the south of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong province, China. As of the 2020 census, the whole city with 4,418,060 inhabitants is n ...

Mountain near

Nanjing Nanjing or Nanking is the capital of Jiangsu, a province in East China. The city, which is located in the southwestern corner of the province, has 11 districts, an administrative area of , and a population of 9,423,400. Situated in the Yang ...

Political beliefs

Deng's views were socialist but after he left the Nationalists, he did not align with other parties, insisting that China's revolution should not be reined in to fit the needs of Russia or the Comintern. After Deng's death, his party supported the short-lived

Fujian People's Government The Fujian People's Government (also spelled as the Fukien People's Government, ), officially the People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China (), was a short-lived anti-Kuomintang government that established a Democratic Republi ...

which opposed Chiang Kai-shek and sought an alliance with the Chinese Communists. The party eventually became one of the eight legal non-Communist parties in the People's Republic of China, where Deng is now recognised as a "Revolutionary Martyr." Although Deng's views are sometimes identified with those of

Soong Ching-ling Soong Ch'ing-ling (27 January 1893 – 29 May 1981), Christian name Rosamonde or Rosamond, was a Chinese political figure. She was the wife of Sun Yat-sen, therefore known by Madame Sun Yat-sen and the "''Father of the Nation, Mother of Mode ...

, Sun Yat-sen's widow, Soong did not join Deng's party and refused an offer to become its leader after his death.Epstein 257-259

Footnotes

References

* Boorman, Howard L. ed. ''Biographical Dictionary of Republican China''. New York: Columbia University Press, 1967–71. * Epstein, Israel. ''Woman in History: Life and Times of Soong Ching Ling (Mme. Sun Yatsen)''. 2nd ed. Beijing: New World Press, 1995.
Rulers, De-Dh

Modern China: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Nationalism
{{DEFAULTSORT:Deng, Yanda 1895 births 1931 deaths Chinese revolutionaries People executed for treason against China People of the Northern Expedition Executed Republic of China people People executed by the Republic of China by firearm Politicians from Huizhou Chinese politicians of Hakka descent Republic of China politicians from Guangdong Members of the Kuomintang Executed Chinese people Executed people from Guangdong Executed revolutionaries Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party politicians Burials in Nanjing