''Dendrocoptes'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
woodpeckers
Woodpeckers are part of the bird family Picidae, which also includes the piculets, wrynecks and sapsuckers. Members of this family are found worldwide, except for Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, Madagascar and the extreme polar regions. ...
in the (
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Picidae
Woodpeckers are part of the bird family Picidae, which also includes the piculets, wrynecks and sapsuckers. Members of this family are found worldwide, except for Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, Madagascar and the extreme polar regions. ...
) native to
Eurasia
Eurasia ( , ) is a continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. According to some geographers, Physical geography, physiographically, Eurasia is a single supercontinent. The concept of Europe and Asia as distinct continents d ...
.
Taxonomy
The genus ''Dendrocoptes'' was erected by the German ornithologists
Jean Cabanis
Jean Louis Cabanis (8 March 1816 – 20 February 1906) was a German ornithologist. He worked at the bird collections of the Natural History Museum in Berlin becoming its first curator of birds in 1850. He founded the ''Journal für Ornithologie ...
and
Ferdinand Heine
Jakob Gottlieb Ferdinand Heine (9 March 1809 in Halberstadt – 28 March 1894) was a German ornithologist and collector.
Heine had one of the largest private collection of birds in the mid-19th century. The collection now housed at the Heineanum ...
in 1863 with the
middle spotted woodpecker
The middle spotted woodpecker (''Dendrocoptes medius'') is a European woodpecker belonging to the genus ''Dendrocoptes''.
Taxonomy
The middle spotted woodpecker was Species description, formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeu ...
(''Dendrocoptes medius '') as the
type species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...
. The name combines the
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ...
''dendron'' meaning "tree" and ''koptō'' meaning "to strike". A 2015
molecular phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...
analysis of the nuclear and
mitochondrial
A mitochondrion () is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used ...
DNA sequences from pied woodpeckers found that the genus ''
Dendrocopos
''Dendrocopos'' is a widespread genus of woodpeckers from Asia, Europe and Northern Africa. The species range from the Philippines to the British Isles.
Taxonomy
The genus ''Dendrocopos'' was introduced in 1816 by the German naturalist Carl Lud ...
'' was
polyphyletic
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as Homoplasy, homoplasies ...
. As part of the reorganisation to create
monophyletic
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria:
# the grouping contains its own most recent co ...
genera, three species from ''Dendrocopos'' were moved to the resurrected genus ''Dendrocoptes''.
The taxonomic committee of the
British Ornithologists' Union
The British Ornithologists' Union (BOU) aims to encourage the study of birds (ornithology) around the world in order to understand their biology and aid their conservation. The BOU was founded in 1858 by Professor Alfred Newton, Henry Baker ...
recommended an alternative arrangement in which the genera ''Dendrocoptes'' and ''
Leiopicus'' were combined into a larger ''
Dendropicos
''Dendropicos'' is a genus of woodpeckers in the family Picidae. They are small woodpeckers that are native to the Sub-Saharan Africa, sub-Saharan woodlands and forests.
Taxonomy
The genus ''Dendropicos'' was introduced by the French ornithologi ...
''.
The
yellow-crowned woodpecker (''Leiopicus mahrattensis'') is closely related to the species in this genus.
The genus contains three species:
[
]
References
Dendropicini
Bird genera
Birds of Eurasia
Taxa named by Jean Cabanis
Taxa named by Ferdinand Heine
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