Demolition waste is waste debris from destruction of buildings, roads, bridges, or other structures.
Debris varies in composition, but the major components, by weight, in the US include
concrete
Concrete is a composite material composed of aggregate bound together with a fluid cement that cures to a solid over time. It is the second-most-used substance (after water), the most–widely used building material, and the most-manufactur ...
, wood products,
asphalt shingles, brick and clay tile, steel, and drywall.
There is the potential to recycle many elements of demolition waste.
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Composition
In 2014, 505.1 million tons of demolition debris was generated in the US. Out of the 505.1 million tons, the debris was composed of 353.6 million tons of concrete, 76.6 million tons of asphalt concrete, 35.8 million tons of wood product, 12.7 million tons of asphalt shingles, 11.8 million tons of brick and clay tile, 10.3 million tons of drywall and plaster, and 4.3 million tons of steel.[
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Disposal
Before demolition debris is extracted, contamination from lead
Lead () is a chemical element; it has Chemical symbol, symbol Pb (from Latin ) and atomic number 82. It is a Heavy metal (elements), heavy metal that is density, denser than most common materials. Lead is Mohs scale, soft and Ductility, malleabl ...
, asbestos
Asbestos ( ) is a group of naturally occurring, Toxicity, toxic, carcinogenic and fibrous silicate minerals. There are six types, all of which are composed of long and thin fibrous Crystal habit, crystals, each fibre (particulate with length su ...
or other hazardous materials
Dangerous goods are substances that are a risk to health, safety, property or the Natural environment, environment during transport. Certain dangerous goods that pose risks even when not being transported are known as hazardous materials (syll ...
must be resolved.[ Demolition debris can be disposed of in either Construction and Demolition Debris landfills or municipal solid waste landfills.][ Once sorted, materials are managed separately and recycled accordingly.
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Recycling
Concrete and Brick
Concrete and brick can be recycled by crushing it into rubble.[ Mobile concrete crushers also allow for recycling of concrete on-site.
Wood
Wood can be reused, repurposed, recycled, or burned as bioenergy.][ Reused wood can eliminate the need for full-size new lumber if used for smaller building components. Repurposed or recycled wood can be used in pathways, coverings, mulches, compost, animal bedding, or particleboard. Using recycled wood as a bioenergy feedstock is advantageous because it has lower water content, about 20% water, compared to virgin lumber, about 60% water.
Drywall
Drywall is made primarily of gypsum. Once the gypsum is depapered, it can be added in cement production, as a soil amendment, used in aerated composting, or recycled into new drywall. Gypsum recycling can be particularly beneficial because in landfill conditions gypsum will release ]hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen sulfide is a chemical compound with the formula . It is a colorless chalcogen-hydride gas, and is toxic, corrosive, and flammable. Trace amounts in ambient atmosphere have a characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs. Swedish chemist ...
, a toxic gas.
Asphalt
Asphalt, from shingles or asphalt concrete, is typically recycled and used in pavement.
Metal
Scrap metal is an established industry focused on the collection, buying, selling, and recycling of salvaged materials.
See also
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References
{{Authority control
Waste
Demolition
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