Vojvodina Vojvodina ( ; sr-Cyrl, Војводина, ), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an Autonomous administrative division, autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia, located in Central Europe. It lies withi ...

's demographic history reflects its rich history and its former location at the border of the Ottoman and

Habsburg The House of Habsburg (; ), also known as the House of Austria, was one of the most powerful dynasties in the history of Europe and Western civilization. They were best known for their inbreeding and for ruling vast realms throughout Europe d ...

empires and at the confluence of various peoples, making it a hotbed of invasion, colonization, and assimilation processes. Currently there are more than 25 ethnic groups living in Vojvodina and six official languages.

Demographic history

The area of

had been inhabited since the

Paleolithic The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic ( years ago) ( ), also called the Old Stone Age (), is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone tools, and which represents almost the entire period of human prehist ...

period.

Indo-European The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the northern Indian subcontinent, most of Europe, and the Iranian plateau with additional native branches found in regions such as Sri Lanka, the Maldives, parts of Central Asia (e. ...

peoples moved into this area during three migration waves, which are dated in 4200 BC, 3300 BC, and 2800 BC respectively. Before the

Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of Roman civilization *Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...

conquest in the 1st century BC, Indo-European peoples of Illyrian,

Thracian The Thracians (; ; ) were an Indo-European speaking people who inhabited large parts of Southeast Europe in ancient history.. "The Thracians were an Indo-European people who occupied the area that today is shared between north-eastern Greece, ...

and

Celtic Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to: Language and ethnicity *pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia **Celts (modern) *Celtic languages **Proto-Celtic language *Celtic music *Celtic nations Sports Foot ...

origin inhabited the region. During the Roman administration (which extended to Syrmia and Banat), the original inhabitants were heavily

Romanized In linguistics, romanization is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and transcription, ...

, and would later be known as

Vlachs Vlach ( ), also Wallachian and many other variants, is a term and exonym used from the Middle Ages until the Modern Era to designate speakers of Eastern Romance languages living in Southeast Europe—south of the Danube (the Balkan peninsula ...

. The region of

Bačka Bačka ( sr-Cyrl, Бачка, ) or Bácska (), is a geographical and historical area within the Pannonian Plain bordered by the river Danube to the west and south, and by the river Tisza to the east. It is divided between Serbia and Hungary. ...

, which did not belong to the Roman Empire, was populated by Iranian

Sarmatians The Sarmatians (; ; Latin: ) were a large confederation of Ancient Iranian peoples, ancient Iranian Eurasian nomads, equestrian nomadic peoples who dominated the Pontic–Caspian steppe, Pontic steppe from about the 5th century BCE to the 4t ...

(

Iazyges The Iazyges () were an ancient Sarmatians, Sarmatian tribe that traveled westward in 200BC from Central Asia to the steppes of modern Ukraine. In , they moved into modern-day Hungary and Serbia near the Pannonian steppe between the Danube ...

). After the end of Roman rule, the Romanized inhabitants of the area escaped to the

Balkan Mountains The Balkan mountain range is located in the eastern part of the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It is conventionally taken to begin at the peak of Vrashka Chuka on the border between Bulgaria and Serbia. It then runs f ...

(where they mixed with

South Slavs South Slavs are Slavic people who speak South Slavic languages and inhabit a contiguous region of Southeast Europe comprising the eastern Alps and the Balkan Peninsula. Geographically separated from the West Slavs and East Slavs by Austria, ...

) as well as the

Romanian Carpathians The Romanian Carpathians () are a section of the Carpathian Mountains, within the borders of modern Romania. The Carpathians are a "subsystem" of the Alps-Himalaya System and are further divided into "provinces" and "subprovinces". This is an ...

(where they later were known as

Romanians Romanians (, ; dated Endonym and exonym, exonym ''Vlachs'') are a Romance languages, Romance-speaking ethnic group and nation native to Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. Sharing a Culture of Romania, ...

). Vojvodina was invaded by the Turanic nomads such as the

Huns The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe between the 4th and 6th centuries AD. According to European tradition, they were first reported living east of the Volga River, in an area that was par ...

and Avars, as well as by the Germanic

Goths The Goths were a Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of medieval Europe. They were first reported by Graeco-Roman authors in the 3rd century AD, living north of the Danube in what is ...

Gepids The Gepids (; ) were an East Germanic tribes, East Germanic tribe who lived in the area of modern Romania, Hungary, and Serbia, roughly between the Tisza, Sava, and Carpathian Mountains. They were said to share the religion and language of the G ...

and

Lombards The Lombards () or Longobards () were a Germanic peoples, Germanic people who conquered most of the Italian Peninsula between 568 and 774. The medieval Lombard historian Paul the Deacon wrote in the ''History of the Lombards'' (written betwee ...

, but after their military defeat, they were quickly absorbed by the local (Slavic) population, without leaving much ethnic traces in the region's population. During the early medieval migrations,

Slavs The Slavs or Slavic people are groups of people who speak Slavic languages. Slavs are geographically distributed throughout the northern parts of Eurasia; they predominantly inhabit Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeastern Europe, and ...

( Severans,

Abodrites The Obotrites (, ''Abodritorum'', ''Abodritos'') or Obodrites, also spelled Abodrites (), were a confederation of medieval West Slavic tribes within the territory of modern Mecklenburg and Holstein in northern Germany (see Polabian Slavs). For ...

Braničevci The Braničevci (also Branichevci or Branichevtsi; sr-cyr, Браничевци) were a South Slavic tribe that inhabited the region of Braničevo, in what is today Serbia, during the Middle Ages. Initially subjects of the Pannonian Avars with ...

Timočani The Timočani (also Timochani, or Timochans; Serbian and Bulgarian: Тимочани) were a medieval South Slavic tribe that lived in the territory of present-day eastern Serbia, west of the Timok River, as well as in the regions of Banat, Sy ...

and

Serbs The Serbs ( sr-Cyr, Срби, Srbi, ) are a South Slavs, South Slavic ethnic group native to Southeastern Europe who share a common Serbian Cultural heritage, ancestry, Culture of Serbia, culture, History of Serbia, history, and Serbian lan ...

) settled today's Vojvodina in the 6th and 7th centuries. Until the Hungarian conquest in the 10th century, the region had a dominant Slavic population. Image:Indo Europeans Vojvodina map.png, Indo-European peoples in Vojvodina in ancient times. Image:Slavs Vojvodina01 map.png, Slavs in Vojvodina in the 6th century. Image:Bulgarians and Slavs VI-VII century.png, Slavs in Vojvodina in the 6th–7th century. Image:Serbia ethnic 6 8 century.png, Ethnic map of Vojvodina (6th–8th century). Image:Slav-7-8-obrez.png, Slavs in Vojvodina in the 7th–8th century. Image:Slavs Vojvodina02 map.png, Slavs in Vojvodina in the 9th century, before the Hungarian conquest. The region was conquered by the

Principality of Hungary The Grand Principality of Hungary or Duchy of Hungary (: "Hungarian Grand Principality", ) was the earliest documented Hungarian state in the Carpathian Basin, established in 895 or 896, following the 9th century Magyar invasion of the Carpath ...

in the 10th century, and Hungarians started to settle in the area. Hungarians mainly settled in the northern part of the region, where they lived mixed with Slavs. Until the late 12th and early 13th century, the region was mainly populated by Slavs, after which the ethnic relations changed in favor of Hungarians. The larger number of Hungarians settled in the region since the 13th century. The presence of Slavs in the area increased again in the 14th century with the arrival of many Serbs from the south. During the Hungarian administration, much of the native local Slavs were Magyarized. Initially, the Hungarian language was spoken only by the knights and nobility of the Kingdom of Hungary, but it was later adopted also by the rest of the population. By the opinion of some researchers, the non-Magyarized descendants of these local Slavs are the present-day

Šokci Šokci ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Šokci, Шокци, , ; sh-Latn-Cyrl, label=, separator=" / ", Šokac, Шокац, sh-Latn-Cyrl, label=, separator=" / ", Šokica, Шокица; ) are a South Slavs, South Slavic ethnic group native t ...

. Although Serbs were part of the aboriginal Slavic population in the territory of Vojvodina (especially in Syrmia), an increasing number of

began settling from the 14th century onward. Because of the presence of the large Serb population, many historical records and maps from the 15th to the 18th century refer to the territory of present-day Vojvodina as Raška. The

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

took control of Vojvodina in the 16th century, and this caused a massive depopulation of the region. Most of the Hungarians and many local Slavs fled from the region and escaped to the north. The majority of those who left in the region were Serbs, mainly now engaging either in farming or in Ottoman military service. Under Ottoman policy, many Serbs were newly settled in the region. During the Ottoman administration, Serbs comprised an absolute majority of Vojvodina's population. In that time, villages were populated exclusively by Serbs, while cities were populated by various ethnic and religious groups, including mainly

Muslims Muslims () are people who adhere to Islam, a Monotheism, monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God ...

and

, but also some Cincars, Greeks, Jews and Roma. The

Habsburg monarchy The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm (), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities (composite monarchy) that were ruled by the House of Habsburg. From the 18th century it is ...

took control of Vojvodina in the treaties of Karlovci (1699) and

Požarevac Požarevac ( sr-cyr, Пожаревац, ) is a list of cities in Serbia, city and the administrative centre of the Braničevo District in eastern Serbia. It is located between three rivers: Danube, Great Morava and Mlava and below the hill Čač ...

(1718). Following the establishment of the Habsburg administration, the Muslim population fled from the region. Some of these Muslim refugees were resettled in Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the Habsburg administration, many new Serb settlers from the Ottoman Empire immigrated to the region. In 1687, the northern parts of the region were settled by ethnic

Bunjevci Bunjevci ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Bunjevci, Буњевци, ; sh-Latn-Cyrl, label=, separator=" / ", Bunjevac, Буњевац, sh-Latn-Cyrl, label=, separator=" / ", Bunjevka, Буњевка) are a South Slavs, South Slavic sub-ethnic ...

. Many other non-Serb settlers were also settled in the territory of present-day Vojvodina during the 18th and 19th century. These settlers were mainly Germans and

Hungarians Hungarians, also known as Magyars, are an Ethnicity, ethnic group native to Hungary (), who share a common Culture of Hungary, culture, Hungarian language, language and History of Hungary, history. They also have a notable presence in former pa ...

, but also included

Rusyns Rusyns, also known as Carpatho-Rusyns, Carpatho-Russians, Ruthenians, or Rusnaks, are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group from the Carpathian Rus', Eastern Carpathians in Central Europe. They speak Rusyn language, Rusyn, an East Slavic lan ...

Slovaks The Slovaks ( (historical Sloveni ), singular: ''Slovák'' (historical: ''Sloven'' ), feminine: ''Slovenka'' , plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history ...

, and others. Because of this settling,

were no longer the absolute ethnic majority in the region, and Vojvodina became one of the most ethnically diverse regions of Europe. Despite this, Serbs still remained the largest ethnic group in the region. According to the 1910 census, Serbs comprised 33.8% of the population in the territory of present-day Vojvodina. After Serbs, the most numerous ethnic groups were Hungarians (comprising 28.1%) and Germans (comprising 21.4%). In 1918,

became part of the

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a country in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1941. From 1918 to 1929, it was officially called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, but the term "Yugoslavia" () has been its colloq ...

and new Serb settlers came to the region. As a consequence of the Second World War, most Vojvodina Germans (about 200,000) left Vojvodina together with the defeated German army. Those who remained in the region were confined to prison camps until 1948, when the camps were dissolved and Yugoslav citizenship was returned to the Germans. Despite this, the remaining German population would leave Yugoslavia for economic reasons, moving to Germany, other European countries, or the United States. In their place, new South Slavic (Serb, Montenegrin, Macedonian, Croat, etc.) colonists would settle in the region. According to the 1948 census, Serbs formed the absolute majority in Vojvodina again at 51% of the population, and this percent rose to 65% in the 2002 census. The multi-ethnic character of the region would still persist. Image:Ottoman vojvodina ethnicity religion.png, Ethno-religious situation in some main cities of Vojvodina during Ottoman administration (16th–17th century) Image:Backa ethnic map 1715.png, Ethnic map of Bačka (1715 census) Image:Backa ethnic map 1720.png, Ethnic map of Bačka (1720 census) Image:Banatul la 1743.jpg, Ethnic map of Banat in 1743 Image:Banatul la 1774.jpg, Ethnic map of Banat in 1774

Population data from the Hungarian administration period

9th century

When

arrived to

Central Europe Central Europe is a geographical region of Europe between Eastern Europe, Eastern, Southern Europe, Southern, Western Europe, Western and Northern Europe, Northern Europe. Central Europe is known for its cultural diversity; however, countries in ...

(in 896), this region was populated exclusively by

15th century

In the 15th century, according to opinion of various researchers, South Slavic (Serbian and Croatian) population was dominant in Syrmia and southern Banat, while Hungarian population was dominant in Bačka and northern Banat. According to Hungarian author Károly Kocsis, 194,000 inhabitants might have been living on the present-day territory of Vojvodina in 1495. That number was calculated on the basis of work of Kubinyi, A. (1966), who processed the data of the tax inventory conducted in 1495 by Sigismund Ernust, Chancellor of the Royal Treasury. Some 52 townships (civitas, oppidium) and 801 villages could be found in the area, in which, according to Kocsis, Hungarians are likely to have constituted the majority of population. According to this view, the population of the area included 148,000 (76,1%)

, 39,000 (20%)

and 7,500 (3,9%)

Croats The Croats (; , ) are a South Slavs, South Slavic ethnic group native to Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and other neighboring countries in Central Europe, Central and Southeastern Europe who share a common Croatian Cultural heritage, ancest ...

. However, calculation of demographic data from this time period can be described as vague and of a rather varied nature, due to the lack of censuses that would collect comprehensive ethnic information. For the time of the Hungarian royal tax registration in 1495, conclusions for a probable absolute or relative „ethnic" majority of the population living in the area were drawn from the given sources through analysing direct references of „ethnic nature", in most cases by the linguistic analysis of taxpayers' names and that of geographical names.

Population data from the Ottoman administration period

During Ottoman administration (16th–18th century), the region of Vojvodina had an absolute Serb majority.

Population data from the Habsburg administration period

1690

In 1690, about 210,000 Serbs lived in Vojvodina (excluding Srem). In this time, almost entire population of the region was composed of Serbs, also including some Šokci.

1715

According to the Austrian census in

from 1715,

, and

comprised 97.6% of population.

1718–1720

The 1720 census in Bačka recorded 72% Serbs and 22% Bunjevci and Šokci. After the Treaty of Passarowitz (1718), the first Habsburg census recorded in Banat about 20,000 citizens, mostly Serbs.

1787

1828

1840

1857

1880 census

Image:Vojvodina_-_Jezicki_sastav_po_naseljima_1880-1884.gif, Linguistic structure of Vojvodina by settlements 1880–1884 (present territorial organization) Image:Vojvodina_-_Verski_sastav_po_naseljima_1880-1884.gif, Religious structure of Vojvodina by settlements 1880–1884 (present territorial organization)

1890 census

Image:RizMap22.jpg, Ethnic map of Vojvodina in 1867 Image:RizMap23.jpg, Ethnic map of Vojvodina in 1868 Image:RizMap24.jpg, Ethnic map of Vojvodina in 1876 Image:Ernst-Ravenstein-Balkans-Ethnic-Map-1880.jpg, Ethnic map of Vojvodina in 1880 Image:Austro-Ungaria si Romania (harta etnica).jpg, Ethnic map of Vojvodina in 1892 Image:Dispersal of Slavs as of 1900 (1910 map).jpg, Slavs in Vojvodina in 1900

1900 census

1910 census

Note that linguistic data from this census might not correspond with ethnic structure in some settlements (Novi Sad, Subotica, Zrenjanin, etc.), due to the fact that Hungarian language was spoken by several ethnicities (Hungarians, Jews, Bunjevci, etc.). Image:Vojvodina_-_Jezicki_sastav_po_naseljima_1910.gif, Linguistic structure of Vojvodina by settlements 1910. (present territorial organization) Image:Vojvodina_-_Verski_sastav_po_naseljima_1910.gif, Religious structure of Vojvodina by settlements 1910. (present territorial organization) Image:Languages 1910 V.png, Linguistic structure of Vojvodina by settlements 1910. Image:Vojvodina languages 1910.png, Linguistic structure of Vojvodina by municipalities 1910. (present territorial organization) Image:Austria Hungary ethnic.svg, Linguistic map of Vojvodina in 1910 Image:Austria hungary 1911.jpg, Linguistic map of Vojvodina in 1911 Image:Ethnic map (1914).jpg, Ethnic map of Vojvodina in 1914 Image:Romanians before WW1.jpg, Ethnic map of Vojvodina in 1917 Image:Carte ethnographique de la Péninsule balkanique, cropped.jpg, Ethnic map of Vojvodina in 1918, according to the Serbian geographer Jovan Cvijić

Population data from the Yugoslav and Serbian administration period

1921 census

Image:Vojvodina languages1921.png, Language map of Vojvodina (1921 census)

1931 census

Image:Vojvodina-Language-1931.GIF, Language map of Vojvodina (1931 census)

1941 census

Note: 1941 census data for Bačka was combined with 1931 census data for Banat and Srem.

1948 census

1953 census

Image:Vojvodina_-_Etnicki_sastav_po_opstinama_1953_1.gif, Ethnic structure of Vojvodina by municipalities 1953.

1961 census

Image:Vojvodina_-_Etnicki_sastav_po_naseljima_1961_1.gif, Ethnic structure of Vojvodina by settlements 1961. Image:Vojvodina_-_Udeo_Srba_po_naseljima_1961.gif, Share of Serbs in Vojvodina by settlements 1961. Image:Vojvodina_-_Udeo_Madjara_po_naseljima_1961.gif, Share of Hungarians in Vojvodina by settlements 1961. Image:Vojvodina_-_Udeo_Hrvata_po_naseljima_1961.gif, Share of Croats in Vojvodina by settlements 1961.

1971 census

Image:Vojvodina_-_Etnicki_sastav_po_naseljima_1971_1.gif, Ethnic structure of Vojvodina by settlements 1971.

1981 census

Image:Vojvodina_-_Etnicki_sastav_po_naseljima_1981_1.gif, Ethnic structure of Vojvodina by settlements 1981. Image:Vojvodina_-_Udeo_Crnogoraca_po_naseljima_1981.gif, Share of Montenegrins in Vojvodina by settlements 1981.

1991 census

Image:Vojvodina_-_Etnicki_sastav_po_naseljima_1991_1.gif, Ethnic structure of Vojvodina by settlements 1991. Image:Vojvodina_-_Verski_sastav_po_naseljima_1991_1.gif, Religious structure of Vojvodina by settlements 1991. Image:Vojvodina-Orthodox-1991.gif, Share of Orthodox in Vojvodina by settlements 1991. Image:Vojvodina-Catholic-1991.gif, Share of Catholics in Vojvodina by settlements 1991. Image:Vojvodina-Protestant-1991.gif, Share of Protestants in Vojvodina by settlements 1991.

2002 census

Image:Vojvodina_-_Etnicki_sastav_po_naseljima_2002_1.gif, Ethnic structure of Vojvodina by settlements 2002. Image:Vojvodina_-_Etnicki_sastav_po_naseljima_2002_2.gif, Ethnic structure of Vojvodina by settlements 2002. Image:Vojvodina ethnic2002.jpg, Ethnic structure of Vojvodina by settlements 2002. Image:Vojvodina_-_Udeo_Srba_po_naseljima_2002.gif, Share of Serbs in Vojvodina by settlements 2002. Image:Vojvodina_-_Udeo_Madjara_po_naseljima_2002.gif, Share of Hungarians in Vojvodina by settlements 2002. Image:Vojvodina_-_Udeo_Slovaka_po_naseljima_2002.gif, Share of Slovaks in Vojvodina by settlements 2002. Image:Vojvodina_-_Udeo_Rumuna_po_naseljima_2002.gif, Share of Romanians in Vojvodina by settlements 2002. Image:Vojvodina west east slavs.png, Slovaks, Rusyns and Czechs in Vojvodina 2002. Image:Vojvodina south slavs.png, Montenegrins, Bunjevci and Croats in Vojvodina 2002. Image:Vojvodina_ethnic2002.png, Ethnic structure of Vojvodina by municipalities 2002. Image:Serbs in vojvodina map.png, Share of Serbs in Vojvodina by municipalities 2002. Image:Hungarians in vojvodina2002.png, Share of Hungarians in Vojvodina by municipalities 2002. Image:Vojvodina languages2002.png, Linguistic structure of Vojvodina by municipalities 2002. Image:Vojvodina religion2002 map.png, Religious structure of Vojvodina by municipalities 2002.

2011 census

Image:Vojvodina-Ethnic-2011-op.GIF, Ethnic structure of Vojvodina by municipalities 2011. Image:Vojvodina ethnic2011.png, Ethnic structure of Vojvodina by municipalities in 2011. Image:Vojvodina ethnic2011 serbs.png, Share of Serbs in Vojvodina by municipalities 2011. Image:Vojvodina ethnic2011 hungarians.png, Share of Hungarians in Vojvodina by municipalities 2011. Image:Vojvodina-Religion-2011-op.gif, Religious structure of Vojvodina by municipalities 2011. Image:Vojvodina religion2011.png, Religious structure of Vojvodina by municipalities in 2011. Image:Vojvodina-Language-2011-op.gif, Linguistic structure of Vojvodina by municipalities 2011. Image:Vojvodina languages2011.png, Linguistic structure of Vojvodina by municipalities in 2011.

Future demographic trends

The general demographic trend in Vojvodina is a natural decrease in population. According to the 2011 census, the average age of the population of the province was 41.8. Ever since 1989, Vojvodina recorded negative natural growth, including all the ethnic groups. Despite that, number of ethnic Serbs in the province is increasing due to the constant immigration of Serbs from other parts of Serbia as well as Serbs from

Republika Srpska Republika Srpska ( sr-Cyrl, Република Српска, ; also referred to as the Republic of Srpska or Serb Republic) is one of the two Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, entities within Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other bein ...

and parts of Croatia neighboring Serbia. It is expected that by 2021 census, Serbs become relative majority in Bečej and Čoka municipalities as well as in the city of Subotica itself.

References

Sources

* * * * Branislav Bukurov; Bačka, Banat i Srem; Novi Sad; 1978. * Milan Tutorov; Banatska rapsodija – istorika Zrenjanina i Banata; Novi Sad; 2001. *

Borislav Jankulov Borislav or Boryslav (Cyrillic script: Борислав) is a Slavic male given name. People who have this name include: *Borislav Cvetković, Croatian-born Serbian football manager and former player *Borislav Ivanov, Bulgarian chess player *B ...

; Pregled kolonizacije Vojvodine u XVIII i XIX veku; Novi Sad – Pančevo; 2003. * Károly Kocsis (

DSc DSC or Dsc may refer to: Education * Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) * District Selection Committee, an entrance exam in India * Doctor of Surgical Chiropody, superseded in the 1960s by Doctor of Podiatric Medicine Educational institutions * Dyal Sin ...

University of Miskolc The University of Miskolc (before 1990: ''Technical University of Heavy Industry'') is the largest university of Northern Hungary. Location Most of the buildings can be found in Egyetemváros ("University Town"), a part of the city of Miskolc. ...

) –

Zsolt Bottlik Zsolt () is a Hungarian masculine given name, originally a variant of ''Solt''. Related names * Zsolt: old Hungarian personal name, with an identical origin to the names ''Zoltán'', ''Zsolt'' and possibly ''Csolt''. Derived from the old Turkish w ...

(PhD,

Budapest University Budapest is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns of Hungary, most populous city of Hungary. It is the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, tenth-largest city in the European Union by popul ...

) – Patrik Tátrai: Etnikai térfolyamatok a Kárpát-medence határon túli régióiban + CD (for detailed data), Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (

Hungarian Academy of Sciences The Hungarian Academy of Sciences ( , MTA) is Hungary’s foremost and most prestigious learned society. Its headquarters are located along the banks of the Danube in Budapest, between Széchenyi rakpart and Akadémia utca. The Academy's primar ...

) – Földrajtudományi Kutatóintézet (Academy of Geographical Studies); Budapest; 2006.; (data for 1495–1857)

External links

The Ethnic Structure of the Population in Vojvodina

* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20060714051014/http://curug.rastko.net/karte/index.html History of Vojvodina (maps) {{DEFAULTSORT:Demographic History of Vojvodina