Delvinaki
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Delvinaki () is a former municipality in the Ioannina regional unit,
Epirus Epirus () is a Region#Geographical regions, geographical and historical region, historical region in southeastern Europe, now shared between Greece and Albania. It lies between the Pindus Mountains and the Ionian Sea, stretching from the Bay ...
,
Greece Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to th ...
. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality
Pogoni Pogoni (, ) is a municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. The seat of the municipality is the village Kalpaki. The municipality has an area of 701.059 km2. Its population was 6,848 at the 2021 census. History Pogoni was ...
, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 255.8 km2, the community 54.8 km2. In 2021 its population was 538 for the village and 1,609 for the municipal unit. Delvinaki is part of the traditional area of
Pogoni Pogoni (, ) is a municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. The seat of the municipality is the village Kalpaki. The municipality has an area of 701.059 km2. Its population was 6,848 at the 2021 census. History Pogoni was ...
. Delvinaki lies along the GR-22/ E853 road, which links
Kalpaki Kalpaki () is a former municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it has been part of the municipality Pogoni, of which it is a municipal unit. It is situated about northwest of Ioannina, a ...
with the
Albania Albania ( ; or ), officially the Republic of Albania (), is a country in Southeast Europe. It is located in the Balkans, on the Adriatic Sea, Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea, and shares land borders with Montenegro to ...
n border. The border crossing Kakavia is west of town.


Subdivisions

The municipal unit of Delvinaki is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets): * Agia Marina * Argyrochori * Charavgi *Delvinaki *
Farangi Farang () is a Persian word that originally referred to the Franks (the major Germanic people) and later came to refer to Western or Latin Europeans in general. The word is borrowed from Old French or Latin , which are also the source of ...
(formerly Gouveri) * Kastani * Kerasovo * Kryoneri *
Ktismata Ktismata () is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Delvinaki, Ioannina (regional unit), Ioannina regional unit, Epirus (region), Epirus, in northwestern Greece. It is situated on a hillside on the right bank of the river Drinos, at 4 ...
(Ktismata, Neochori) * Limni * Mavropoulo (Mavropoulo, Zavrocho, Chrysodouli) * Oreino Xirovaltou (Oreino, Xirovaltos) *
Peristeri Peristeri (Greek language, Greek: Περιστέρι, meaning "pigeon/dove" in Greek) is a city and a suburban municipality in the western part of the Athens#Athens Urban Area, Athens agglomeration, Greece. With 133,630 inhabitants (2021 census), ...
* Pontikates * Stratinista * Teriachi (Teriachi, Stavrodromi) *
Vissani Vissani () is a village in the municipal unit of Delvinaki, Ioannina regional unit, in the Epirus region of northwestern Greece. It is situated in the mountainous Pogoni area near the Albanian border, at 750 m above sea level. A small road conne ...


Population


Etymology

According to linguist Konstantinos Oikonomou, Delvinaki is a
Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...
formation Formation may refer to: Linguistics * Back-formation, the process of creating a new lexeme by removing or affixes * Word formation, the creation of a new word by adding affixes Mathematics and science * Cave formation or speleothem, a secondary ...
and derives from the toponym ''Delvino'', with the Greek diminutive suffix ''aki'' added to it; probably in order to differentiate it from the neighboring settlement of
Delvinë Delvinë ( or , ) is a town and a municipality in Vlorë County, southern Albania, northeast of Sarandë. It was formed in the 2015 local government reform by the merger of the former municipalities Delvinë and Vergo, which became municipal u ...
. Furthermore, Oikonomou and Phaedon Malingoudis presented ''Delvino'' as deriving from the Slavic noun ''dьlva'' (
Proto-Slavic Proto-Slavic (abbreviated PSl., PS.; also called Common Slavic or Common Slavonic) is the unattested, reconstructed proto-language of all Slavic languages. It represents Slavic speech approximately from the 2nd millennium BC through the 6th ...
*''dьly'') 'cauldron, pot', which is used in toponyms to denote a 'valley' or 'basin', and the Slavic suffix ''ьnъ''; the ь of the first syllable, denoting /ĭ/, was rendered as /e/ in Greek. Compare to the toponym Δηλίβινον, first attested in 996 northeast of
Polygyros Polygyros (Greek languages, Greek: Πολύγυρος) is a town and Communities and Municipalities of Greece, municipality in Central Macedonia, Central Macedonia, Greece. It is the capital of Chalkidiki. Geography Polygyros town (pop. 7,779 at ...
(
Chalkidiki Chalkidiki (; , alternatively Halkidiki), also known as Chalcidice, is a peninsula and regional unit of Greece, part of the region of Central Macedonia, in the geographic region of Macedonia in Northern Greece. The autonomous Mount Athos reg ...
) in Greece, Delvino in southern Albania, as well as Delvino (Blagoevgrad Province) and Delvino (Kardzhali Province) in Bulgaria. According to historians Konstantinos Vakalopoulos and Nikos Yfantis, ''Delvinaki'' derives from Albanian and means 'place of vineyards'.


History

From the 14th century to the beginning of Ottoman rule, Delvinaki was among the thriving settlements of the region together with nearby Dipalitsa, Kastaniani and Polytsiani. During the first decades of the 14th century, Albanians settled in the Pogoni region; their presence is evidenced through some place names, such as ''Gouveri'' (from ''gouva'' 'small pit') and ''Roumpates''. "όπως και από αλβανικές ονομασίες χωριών: Ρομπάτες (= ρόμπα, ένδυμα), Δελβινακίων (= αμπελότοπος), Γούβερη (Γούβα - Κοίλωμα) κ.λ.π." The town was an important commercial centre during the Ottoman period. The church of the Dormition of the Theotokos in Delvinaki was erected in 1619. In the late 17th century, Ottoman traveler
Evliya Çelebi Dervish Mehmed Zillî (25 March 1611 – 1682), known as Evliya Çelebi (), was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman explorer who travelled through his home country during its cultural zenith as well as neighboring lands. He travelled for over 40 years, rec ...
passed through Delvinaki observing that it was a "prosperous" town on the border of the district of Pogoni, "inhabited by infidels all Albanians"; it contained 400 houses, 6000 fertile vineyards, 40-50 shops, 10 churches and 3 inns. "Το 1670 στο Δελβινάκι του Πωγωνιού, κατά τον Εβλιγιά Τσελεμπή (1928, σ. 682), «όλοι οι άπιστοι είναι Αρβανίτες»." Çelebi also noted that Delvinaki was a '' hass'' (revenue estate) of an Ottoman admiral and administered by a ''
voivode Voivode ( ), also spelled voivod, voievod or voevod and also known as vaivode ( ), voivoda, vojvoda, vaivada or wojewoda, is a title denoting a military leader or warlord in Central, Southeastern and Eastern Europe in use since the Early Mid ...
'' with the settlement being "exempt from taxation and state interference." "We returned by another road, passing through prosperous villages. After 4 hours of travelling westwards, we arrived at Delvinaki. It is a prosperous town on the border of the district of Pogonia and consists of 400 houses inhabited by infidels all Albanians and 6000 fertile vineyards. It has 40 to 50 shops, 10 churches and 3 hans. This town is a has belonging to the admiral of the Ottoman fleet and administered by a voyvoda. It is exempt from taxation and state interference." Those Albanian villagers who settled in the southern part of Pogoni were gradually assimilated by the Greek element."Κατά τις πρώτες δεκαετίες του 14ου αιώνα τοποθετείται χρονικά η αλβανική διείσδυση στο χώρο της Πωγωνιανής, που μαρτυρείται και από ορισμένα τοπωνύμια όπως το Δελβινάκι (αμπελότοπος), το Γκουβέρι (γκούβα = κοίλωμα), αλλά και από τις μετακινήσείς αλβανικόν οικογενειών, οι οποίες εξισλαμήστικαν λόγω των σινθηκών που επικρατούσαν. Όσοι αλβανικοί πλιθυσμοί είηαν εγκατασταθεί στο νότιο τμήμα του Πωγωνίου, αφομοιώθηκαν βαθμιαία από το ελληνικό στοιχείο και εξελληνίστικαν. Όλες οι κοινότητες...." British traveler John Hobhouse noted in early 19th century that Delvinaki consisted of 300 dwellings inhabited by Greeks.Vakolopoulos, 2003, p. 323: "Ο Hobhouse αναφέρει ότι στο Δελβινάκι υπήρχαν 300 ελληνικά σπίτια" Delvinaki joined Greece after the
Balkan Wars The Balkan Wars were two conflicts that took place in the Balkans, Balkan states in 1912 and 1913. In the First Balkan War, the four Balkan states of Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg), Greece, Kingdom of Serbia, Serbia, Kingdom of Montenegro, M ...
of 1913.


Culture

Delvinaki is home to Greek
polyphonic singing Polyphony ( ) is a type of musical texture consisting of two or more simultaneous lines of independent melody, as opposed to a musical texture with just one voice (monophony) or a texture with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords (h ...
and has a reach music tradition in the wider
Pogoni Pogoni (, ) is a municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. The seat of the municipality is the village Kalpaki. The municipality has an area of 701.059 km2. Its population was 6,848 at the 2021 census. History Pogoni was ...
region. It is one of the two main centres of folk music of Pogoni, the other being Parakalamos. An annual festival of polyphonic singing is held in August.


Notable people

* Petroloukas Chalkias, musician. *
Hatzimichalis Dalianis Hatzimichalis Dalianis (, 1775 – 17 March 1828) was a Greek revolutionary leader of the Greek War of Independence and commander in Crete in 1828. Early life According to some Greek historians, the Greek speaking towns of Argyrokastro, Voulia ...
, hero of the
Greek War of Independence The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution or the Greek Revolution of 1821, was a successful war of independence by Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire between 1821 and 1829. In 1826, the Greeks were assisted ...
. *
Evangelos Psimmas Evangelos, Vangelis (, or, in polytonic orthography, ; from "good" + "messenger, angel") is a common Greek male name. The diminutive derived from the name Evangelos, is usually Vangelis. The female equivalent is Evangelía (). It is an ancient ...
, (1905–1962), bishop of Ermoupoli. * Konstantinos Iroklis Vasiadis, (1821–1890), scholar.


See also

*
List of settlements in the Ioannina regional unit This is a list of settlements in the Ioannina (regional unit), Ioannina regional unit, Greece. * Achladies * Aetomilitsa * Aetopetra, Konitsa * Aetopetra, Zitsa * Aetorrachi, Ioannina, Aetorrachi * Agia Anastasia * Agia Marina, Ioannina, Agia Mar ...


References

{{Delvinaki Populated places in Ioannina (regional unit) Pogoni