Delphinidin (also delphinidine) is an
anthocyanidin
Anthocyanidins are common plant pigments, the aglycones of anthocyanins. They are based on the flavylium cation, an oxonium ion, with various groups substituent, substituted for its hydrogen atoms. They generally change color from red through p ...
, a primary
plant pigment, and also an
antioxidant
Antioxidants are Chemical compound, compounds that inhibit Redox, oxidation, a chemical reaction that can produce Radical (chemistry), free radicals. Autoxidation leads to degradation of organic compounds, including living matter. Antioxidants ...
. Delphinidin gives blue hues to flowers in the genera
''Viola'' and ''
Delphinium
''Delphinium'' is a genus of about 300 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family (biology), family Ranunculaceae, native species, native throughout the Northern Hemisphere and also on the high mountains of tropical Africa. T ...
''. It also gives the blue-red color of the
grape
A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus ''Vitis''. Grapes are a non- climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters.
The cultivation of grapes began approximately 8,0 ...
variety
Cabernet Sauvignon, and can be found in
cranberries and
Concord grapes as well as
pomegranate
The pomegranate (''Punica granatum'') is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub in the family Lythraceae, subfamily Punica, Punicoideae, that grows between tall. Rich in symbolic and mythological associations in many cultures, it is thought to have o ...
s, and
bilberries.
Delphinidin, like nearly all other anthocyanidins, is
pH-sensitive, i.e. a
natural pH indicator, and changes from blue in basic
solution to red in
acid
An acid is a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton (i.e. Hydron, hydrogen cation, H+), known as a Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, Brønsted–Lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a Lewis ...
ic solution.
Glycosides
Several
glycoside
In chemistry, a glycoside is a molecule in which a sugar is bound to another functional group via a glycosidic bond. Glycosides play numerous important roles in living organisms. Many plants store chemicals in the form of inactive glycosides. ...
s derived from delphinidin are known:
*
Myrtillin (delphinidin-3-''O''-glucoside) and
tulipanin (delphinidin-3-''O''-rutinoside) can be found in
blackcurrant pomace.
*
Violdelphin (delphinidin 3-rutinoside-7-''O''-(6-''O''-(4-(6-''O''-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-β-
D-glucosyl)oxybenzoyl)-β-
D-glucoside) is responsible for the purplish-blue flower color of ''
Aconitum chinense''.
*
Nasunin (delphinidin-3-(''p''-coumaroylrutinoside)-5-glucoside) is responsible for the colour of the
eggplant
Eggplant (American English, US, Canadian English, CA, Australian English, AU, Philippine English, PH), aubergine (British English, UK, Hiberno English, IE, New Zealand English, NZ), brinjal (Indian English, IN, Singapore English, SG, Malays ...
fruit's purple skin.
*s including
''Clitoria ternatea'' ternatins
See also
*
Prodelphinidin, a type of condensed tannins
References
{{Anthocyanins
Anthocyanidins