Dekopon
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is a seedless and sweet variety of satsuma orange. It is a hybrid between Kiyomi and
ponkan Ponkan (Hokkien ); ''Citrus poonensis''; "Chinese Honey Orange") is a high-yield sweet ''Citrus'' cultivar with large fruits in the size of an orange. It is a citrus hybrid (mandarin × pomelo), though it was once thought to be a pure mandarin ...
(Nakano no. 3), developed in
Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
in 1972. Originally a brand name, "Dekopon" has become a
genericized trademark A generic trademark, also known as a genericized trademark or proprietary eponym, is a trademark or brand name that, because of its popularity or significance, has become the generic term for, or synonymous with, a general class of products or ...
and it is used to refer to all brands of the fruit; the generic name is . Dekopon is distinctive due to its sweet taste, large size, and the large protruding bump on the top of the fruit. In Brazil, dekopon is marketed under the brand name of ''Kinsei.'' In the US, the dekopon was released as a commercial product under the name "Sumo Citrus". In South Korea, dekopon is called ''hallabong'' (한라봉).


Names

The name is most likely a
portmanteau In linguistics, a blend—also known as a blend word, lexical blend, or portmanteau—is a word formed by combining the meanings, and parts of the sounds, of two or more words together.
of the word ''deko'' (凸, デコ; meaning ''convex'') as a reference to its bump, and the ''pon'' in ponkan (ポンカン; one of the fruits that it is derived from) to create "dekopon" (デコポン). There were many market names for dekopon during the time the name was a trademark of the product from
Kumamoto is the capital Cities of Japan, city of Kumamoto Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan. , the city has an estimated population of 738,907 and a population density of 1,893 people per km2. The total area is 390.32 km2. had a populat ...
. For instance, ''himepon'' was the market name for the fruits originating from
Ehime prefecture is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku. Ehime Prefecture has a population of 1,334,841 and a geographic area of 5,676 km2 (2,191 sq mi). Ehime Prefecture borders Kagawa Prefecture to the northeast, Toku ...
. The ones grown in Hiroshima prefecture were marketed as ''hiropon''. After an agreement whereby anyone could use the name "dekopon" by paying a fee and meeting certain quality standards, the name was used for the fruit no matter where it came from in Japan. 'Dekopon' does not have an agricultural variety registration number (''Nōrin Bangō'') because of its bump, which at the time of its development was considered to be unsightly, and failure to reduce
acidity An acid is a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton (i.e. hydrogen cation, H+), known as a Brønsted–Lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a Lewis acid. The first category of acids are the ...
in the fruit.


Cultivation

The fruits are usually grown in large
greenhouses A greenhouse is a structure that is designed to regulate the temperature and humidity of the environment inside. There are different types of greenhouses, but they all have large areas covered with transparent materials that let sunlight pass an ...
to keep them at a constant temperature, and are harvested from December to February (winter in Japan). In the case of garden farming, they are harvested from March to April. After harvesting, dekopon are usually left for a period of 20–40 days so that the levels of
citric acid Citric acid is an organic compound with the formula . It is a Transparency and translucency, colorless Weak acid, weak organic acid. It occurs naturally in Citrus, citrus fruits. In biochemistry, it is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, ...
in the fruit decrease, while the sugar levels increase to make a more appealing taste to market. Only fruits with sugar level above 13° Bx and citric acid below 1.0% can be sold with the name dekopon.


Outside Japan

In Brazil, dekopon is marketed under the brand name of ''Kinsei'' which derived from the Japanese word for Venus. Brazilian farmers have succeeded in adapting the variety to tropical to temperate climate in the highlands of
São Paulo state SAO or Sao may refer to: Places * Sao civilisation, in Middle Africa from 6th century BC to 16th century AD * Sao, a town in Boussé Department, Burkina Faso * Serb Autonomous Regions (''Srpska autonomna oblast'', SAO), during the breakup of ...
. The work was done by Unkichi Taniwaki, a farmer of Japanese origin. ''Kinsei'' is easily harvested from May to September. In the high season for ''kinsei'', each fruit costs around US$0.50 at the Brazilian street market and supermarkets. In South Korea, dekopon is called ''hallabong'' (한라봉) after
Hallasan Hallasan () is a shield volcano comprising much of Jeju Island in South Korea. Its summit, at , is the highest point in the country. The area around the mountain is a designated national park, named Hallasan National Park. Hallasan is commonly ...
, the mountain located on
Jeju Island Jeju Island (Jeju language, Jeju/) is South Korea's largest island, covering an area of , which is 1.83% of the total area of the country. Alongside outlying islands, it is part of Jeju Province and makes up the majority of the province. The i ...
where it is primarily grown. They were introduced to Korea from Japan in 1990. The citrus budwood was imported into the United States in 1998 by a California citrus grower, Brad Stark Jr. The rights to the sterilized budwood were purchased in 2005 by the Griffith family, owners of the nursery TreeSource and packing facility Suntreat. The dekopon was released as a commercial product in the US under the name "Sumo Citrus" in early 2011.


Others

Dekopon have become so popular in Japan that the chewing candy brand giant Hi-Chew (ハイチュウ) has released a limited-edition dekopon flavor. In commemoration of the 15th anniversary of the first shipment of dekopon, Japan Fruit Growers Cooperative Association designated 1 March "Dekopon day" in 2006.


See also

*
Fruit anatomy Fruits are the mature ovary (plants), ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers. They are found in three main anatomical categories: aggregate fruits, multiple fruits, and simple fruits. Fruitlike structures may develop directly from the seed it ...


References


External links


Sumo Citrus
* {{citrus Citrus Citrus hybrids Japanese cuisine terms Japanese fruit 1972 establishments in Japan