Deir Ghazaleh
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Deir Ghazaleh () is a
Palestinian Palestinians () are an Arab ethnonational group native to the Levantine region of Palestine. *: "Palestine was part of the first wave of conquest following Muhammad's death in 632 CE; Jerusalem fell to the Caliph Umar in 638. The indigenous p ...
village in the northern
West Bank The West Bank is located on the western bank of the Jordan River and is the larger of the two Palestinian territories (the other being the Gaza Strip) that make up the State of Palestine. A landlocked territory near the coast of the Mediter ...
, located nine kilometers northeast of
Jenin Jenin ( ; , ) is a city in the West Bank, Palestine, and is the capital of the Jenin Governorate. It is a hub for the surrounding towns. Jenin came under Israeli occupied territories, Israeli occupation in 1967, and was put under the administra ...
in the Jenin Governorate. According to the
Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS; ) is the official statistical institution of Palestine. Its main task is to provide credible statistical figures at the national and international levels. It is a state institution that provid ...
, Deir Ghazaleh had a population of over 850 inhabitants in mid-year 2006 and 1,129 in 2017, mostly Muslims with a small Christian minority.


History

Ceramics from the
Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived the events that caused the fall of the Western Roman E ...
era have been found here.


Ottoman era

In 1517, Deir Ghazaleh was incorporated into the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
with the rest of Palestine. During the 16th and 17th centuries, it belonged to the Turabay Emirate (1517-1683), which encompassed also the
Jezreel Valley The Jezreel Valley (from the ), or Marj Ibn Amir (), also known as the Valley of Megiddo, is a large fertile plain and inland valley in the Northern District (Israel), Northern District of Israel. It is bordered to the north by the highlands o ...
,
Haifa Haifa ( ; , ; ) is the List of cities in Israel, third-largest city in Israel—after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv—with a population of in . The city of Haifa forms part of the Haifa metropolitan area, the third-most populous metropolitan area i ...
,
Jenin Jenin ( ; , ) is a city in the West Bank, Palestine, and is the capital of the Jenin Governorate. It is a hub for the surrounding towns. Jenin came under Israeli occupied territories, Israeli occupation in 1967, and was put under the administra ...
, Beit She'an Valley, northern Jabal Nablus, Bilad al-Ruha/Ramot Menashe, and the northern part of the Sharon plain. By the 1596 tax register it was part of ''
nahiya A nāḥiyah ( , plural ''nawāḥī'' ), also nahiyeh, nahiya or nahia, is a regional or local type of administrative division that usually consists of a number of villages or sometimes smaller towns. In Tajikistan, it is a second-level divisi ...
'' (subdistrict) of Jinin under the ''
liwa' A sanjak or sancak (, , "flag, banner") was an administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans also sometimes called the sanjak a liva (, ) from the name's calque in Arabic and Persian. Banners were a common organization of nomad ...
'' (district) of
Lajjun Lajjun (, ''al-Lajjūn'') was a large Palestine (region), Palestinian Arab village located northwest of Jenin and south of the remains of the biblical city of Tel Megiddo, Megiddo. The Israeli kibbutz of Megiddo, Israel was built 600 metres ...
, with a population of 5
Muslim Muslims () are people who adhere to Islam, a Monotheism, monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God ...
households. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, beehives and/or goats, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 3,000
akçe The ''akçe'' or ''akça'' (anglicized as ''akche'', ''akcheh'' or ''aqcha''; ; , , in Europe known as '' asper'') was a silver coin mainly known for being the chief monetary unit of the Ottoman Empire. It was also used in other states includi ...
. In 1838, Edward Robinson noted ''Deir Ghuzal'' as one of a range of villages round a height, the other villages being named as Beit Qad, Fuku'a, Deir Abu Da'if and Araneh, located in the District of Jenin, also called ''Haritheh esh-Shemaliyeh''. In 1870
Victor Guérin Victor Guérin (; 15 September 1821 – 21 September 1890) was a French people, French intellectual, explorer and amateur archaeologist. He published books describing the geography, archeology and history of the areas he explored, which included ...
found it have about fifteen houses, bordered by several antiquated
cistern A cistern (; , ; ) is a waterproof receptacle for holding liquids, usually water. Cisterns are often built to catch and store rainwater. To prevent leakage, the interior of the cistern is often lined with hydraulic plaster. Cisterns are disti ...
s and
silo A silo () is a structure for storing Bulk material handling, bulk materials. Silos are commonly used for bulk storage of grain, coal, cement, carbon black, woodchips, food products and sawdust. Three types of silos are in widespread use toda ...
s. In 1882 the PEF's '' Survey of Western Palestine'' found that it resembled Deir Abu Da'if, and that "the ground round it is partly rock, partly arable land." They further noted a ruin, one mile to the south east of the village, "It is firmly bedded into the earth, which contains fragments of pottery, apparently ancient. The stone seems to have been packed with smaller ones round its base to keep it in position, as found by excavation. The stones are very heavy, and the construction of this monument must have been a considerable labour. It somewhat resembles the vinevard towers existing in other parts of Palestine; but fallen stones sufficient for such a structure were not observed, and there is no reason to suppose it to have ever consisted of more than two courses."Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, pp
115
116


British Mandate era

In the
1922 census of Palestine The 1922 census of Palestine was the first census carried out by the authorities of the British Mandate of Palestine, on 23 October 1922. The reported population was 757,182, including the military and persons of foreign nationality. The divis ...
, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, the village had a population of 134; 120 Muslims and 14 Christians, where the Christians were all Orthodox, increasing slightly in the 1931 census to 186; 169 Muslims and 17 Christians, with 34 houses. In 1944/5 statistics the population was 270; 240 Muslims and 30 Christians,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p
16
/ref> with a total of 6,588
dunam A dunam ( Ottoman Turkish, Arabic: ; ; ; ), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old, Turkish, or Ottoman stremma, was the Ottoman unit of area analogous in role (but not equal) to the Greek stremma or English acre, representing the amo ...
s of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 160 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 4,917 dunams were for cereals, while 6 dunams were built-up (urban) land.


Jordanian era

After the
1948 Arab-Israeli War Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The current Constitutions of Constitution of Italy, Italy and of Constitution of New Jersey, New Jersey (both later subject to amendment) ...
, Deir Ghazaleh came under
Jordan Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia. Jordan is bordered by Syria to the north, Iraq to the east, Saudi Arabia to the south, and Israel and the occupied Palestinian ter ...
ian rule. In 1961, the population of ''Deir Ghazzala'' was 493, of whom 29 were Christian.


Post-1967

Deir Ghazaleh has been under
Israeli occupation Israel has occupied the Golan Heights of Syria and the Palestinian territories since the Six-Day War of 1967. It has previously occupied the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt and southern Lebanon as well. Prior to 1967, control of the Palestinian terr ...
along with the rest of the West Bank since the 1967
Six-Day War The Six-Day War, also known as the June War, 1967 Arab–Israeli War or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab world, Arab states, primarily United Arab Republic, Egypt, Syria, and Jordan from 5 to 10June ...
, and according to the Israeli census of that year, the population of ''Deir Ghazzala'' stood at 494, of whom 163 were registered as having come from Israel.


Water sources

The main source of water is the large groundwater aquifer underlying the
West Bank The West Bank is located on the western bank of the Jordan River and is the larger of the two Palestinian territories (the other being the Gaza Strip) that make up the State of Palestine. A landlocked territory near the coast of the Mediter ...
. A well on the outskirts of the village, called the Abu ´Ahed well, supplies water to the village and surrounding communities.


Education and culture

A library was established in Deir Ghazaleh under the auspices of the Program for the Social Empowerment of Rural Women. The Deir Ghazaleh Women’s club, established in 1997, offers training course and workshops for local women.


References


Bibliography

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External links


Welcome To Dayr GhazzalaDeir Ghazala
Welcome to Palestine *Survey of Western Palestine, Map 9
IAA Wikimedia commons
{{Jenin Governorate Jenin Governorate Villages in the West Bank