Dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) is a technology for direct wireless exchange of
vehicle-to-everything
Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) describes wireless communication between a vehicle and any entity that may affect, or may be affected by, the vehicle. Sometimes called C-V2X, it is a Vehicular communication systems, vehicular communication system that ...
(V2X) and other
intelligent transportation systems
An intelligent transportation system (ITS) is an advanced application that aims to provide services relating to different modes of transport and traffic management and enable users to be better informed and make safer, more coordinated, and 's ...
(ITS) data between vehicles, other road users (pedestrians, cyclists, etc.), and roadside infrastructure (traffic signals,
electronic message signs, etc.). DSRC, which can be used for both one- and two-way data exchanges, uses channels in the licensed 5.9 GHz band. DSRC is based on
IEEE 802.11p
IEEE 802.11p is an approved amendment to the IEEE 802.11 standard to add wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE), a vehicular communication system. It defines enhancements to 802.11 (the basis of products marketed as Wi-Fi) required to su ...
.
History
In October 1999, the United States
Federal Communications Commission
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent agency of the United States government that regulates communications by radio, television, wire, internet, wi-fi, satellite, and cable across the United States. The FCC maintains j ...
(FCC) allocated 75 MHz of
spectrum
A spectrum (: spectra or spectrums) is a set of related ideas, objects, or properties whose features overlap such that they blend to form a continuum. The word ''spectrum'' was first used scientifically in optics to describe the rainbow of co ...
in the 5.9 GHz band for DSRC-based ITS uses.
By 2003, DSRC was used in Europe and Japan for
electronic toll collection
Electronic toll collection (ETC) is a wireless system to automatically collect the usage fee or Road pricing, toll charged to vehicles using toll roads, HOV lanes, toll bridges, and toll tunnels. It is a faster alternative which is replacing Tol ...
. In August 2008, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (
ETSI
The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is an independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization operating in the field of Information and communications technology, information and communications. ETSI supports the de ...
) allocated 30 MHz of spectrum in the 5.9 GHz band for ITS.
In November 2020, the FCC reallocated the lower 45 MHz of the 75 MHz spectrum to the neighboring 5.8 GHz
ISM band
The ISM radio bands are portions of the radio spectrum reserved internationally for ''industrial, scientific, and medical'' (ISM) purposes, excluding applications in telecommunications.
Examples of applications for the use of radio frequency (RF ...
for unlicensed non-ITS uses, citing DSRC's lack of adoption. Of the 30 MHz that remained for licensed ITS uses, 10 MHz was kept for DSRC (Channel 180, 5.895–5.905 GHz) and 20 MHz was reserved for a successor to DSRC,
LTE-CV2X (Channel 183, 5.905–5.925 GHz).
Applications
Singapore's
Electronic Road Pricing
The Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system is an electronic toll collection scheme adopted in Singapore to manage traffic by way of road pricing, and as a usage-based taxation mechanism to complement the purchase-based Certificate of Entitlemen ...
scheme plans to use DSRC technology for road use measurement (ERP2) to replace its ERP1 overhead gantry method.
[ ]
In June 2017, the Utah Department of Transportation and the Utah Transit Authority (UTA) demonstrated the use of DSRC for
transit signal priority
Bus priority or transit signal priority (TSP) is a name for various techniques to improve service and reduce delay for mass transit vehicles at intersections (or junctions) controlled by traffic signals. TSP techniques are most commonly associa ...
on SR-68 (Redwood Road) in Salt Lake City, whereby several UTA transit buses equipped with DSRC equipment could request changes to signal timing if they were running behind schedule.
Other applications include:
* Emergency warning system for vehicles
*
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control The Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) is an extension to the adaptive cruise control (ACC) concept using Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication. CACC realises longitudinal automated vehicle control.
In addition to the feedback loop used ...
* Cooperative Forward Collision Warning
* Intersection collision avoidance
* Approaching emergency vehicle warning (Blue Waves)
* Vehicle safety inspection
* Emergency vehicle signal preemption
* Electronic parking payments
* Commercial vehicle clearance and safety inspections
* In-vehicle signing
* Rollover warning
* Probe data collection
* Highway-rail intersection warning
*
Electronic toll collection
Electronic toll collection (ETC) is a wireless system to automatically collect the usage fee or Road pricing, toll charged to vehicles using toll roads, HOV lanes, toll bridges, and toll tunnels. It is a faster alternative which is replacing Tol ...
Standardization
DSRC systems in Europe, Japan and the U.S. are incompatible and have significant differences, including spectrum and channels (5.8 GHz RF, 5.9 GHz RF, infrared), data transmission rates, and protocols.
The European standardization organisation
European Committee for Standardization
The European Committee for Standardization (CEN, ) is a public standards organization whose mission is to foster the economy of the European Single Market and the wider European continent in global trading, the welfare of European citizens an ...
(CEN), sometimes in co-operation with the
International Organization for Standardization
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO ; ; ) is an independent, non-governmental, international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries.
M ...
(ISO) developed some DSRC standards:
* EN 12253:2004 Dedicated Short-Range CommunicationPhysical layer using microwave at 5.8 GHz (review)
* EN 12795:2002 Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC)DSRC Data link layer: Medium Access and Logical Link Control (review)
* EN 12834:2002 Dedicated Short-Range CommunicationApplication layer (review)
* EN 13372:2004 Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC)DSRC profiles for RTTT applications (review)
* EN ISO 14906:2004 Electronic Fee CollectionApplication interface
Each standard addresses different layers in the
OSI model
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a reference model developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that "provides a common basis for the coordination of standards development for the purpose of systems inter ...
communication stack.
See also
*
V2V V2V may refer to:
* Vehicular ad hoc network
A Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a proposed type of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) involving road vehicles. VANETs were first proposed in 2001 as " car-to-car ad-hoc mobile communication and netwo ...
*
Vehicular communication systems
Vehicular communication systems are computer networks in which vehicles and roadside units are the communicating nodes, providing each other with information, such as safety warnings and traffic information. They can be effective in avoiding accid ...
*
Telematics
Telematics is an interdisciplinary field encompassing telecommunications, vehicular technologies (road transport, road safety, etc.), electrical engineering (sensors, instrumentation, wireless communications, etc.), and computer science (multimedia ...
*
CALM
References
External links
Performance Evaluation of Short-Range Communication Links for Road Transport & Traffic Telematics