''Daviesia'', commonly known as bitter peas,
is a genus of about 130 species of flowering plants in the family
Fabaceae
Fabaceae () or Leguminosae,[International Code of Nomen ...](_blank)
, and is
endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...
to Australia. Plants in the genus ''Daviesia'' are shrubs or small trees with leaves modified as
phyllode
Phyllodes are modified petiole (botany), petioles or leaf stems, which are leaf-like in appearance and function. In some plants, these become flattened and widened, while the leaf itself becomes reduced or vanishes altogether. Thus the phyllode co ...
s or reduced to scales. The flowers are arranged singly or in groups, usually in leaf axils, the
sepal
A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106
Etymology
The term ''sepalum'' ...
s joined at the base with five teeth, the petals usually yellowish with reddish markings and the fruit a
pod.
Description
Plants in the genus ''Daviesia'' are shrubs or small trees with their leaves modified as phyllodes that are often sharply-pointed, or have leaves reduced to scales with the stems modified as
cladode
Phylloclades and cladodes are flattened, photosynthesis, photosynthetic shoots, which are usually considered to be modified branches. The two terms are used either differently or interchangeably by different authors. ''Phyllocladus'', a genus of ...
s. The flowers are usually arranged in leaf axils, either singly or in clusters or
raceme
A raceme () or racemoid is an unbranched, indeterminate growth, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing flowers having short floral stalks along the shoots that bear the flowers. The oldest flowers grow close to the base and new flowers are ...
s with
bract
In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale.
Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves in size, color, shape or texture. They also lo ...
s sometimes present on the
peduncles,
pedicels
In botany, a pedicel is a stem that attaches a single flower to the inflorescence
In botany, an inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a plant's Plant stem, stem that is composed of a main branch or a system of branch ...
or flowering stems. The sepals are joined at the base to form a bell-shaped tube with five teeth, the two upper teeth usually wider and the petals are usually yellowish with reddish markings, the
standard petal more or less round with a notch at the top and often shorter than the
wings and
keel
The keel is the bottom-most longitudinal structural element of a watercraft, important for stability. On some sailboats, it may have a fluid dynamics, hydrodynamic and counterbalancing purpose as well. The keel laying, laying of the keel is often ...
. The fruit is a more or less flattened pod containing one or two seeds, each with an
aril
An aril (), also called arillus, is a specialized outgrowth from a seed that partly or completely covers the seed. An arillode, or false aril, is sometimes distinguished: whereas an aril grows from the attachment point of the seed to the ova ...
on the end.
The roots of many ''Daviesia'' species have a mode of secondary thickening in which successive arch-like
cambia
Cambia is an Australian-based global non-profit social enterprise focusing on open science, biology, innovation system reform and intellectual property. Its projects include The Lens, formerly known as Patent Lens, and the Biological Innovat ...
arise outside the roots of the previous season, creating rope-like structures
on the roots.
Like other genera in their family, ''Daviesia'' species have nitrogen-fixing bacteria contained in
root nodules
Root nodules are found on the roots of plants, primarily legumes, that form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, capable plants form a symbiotic relationship with a host-specific strain of bacteria known a ...
.
Taxonomy
The genus ''Daviesia'' was first formally described in 1798 by
James Edward Smith in ''
Transactions of the Linnean Society of London
The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript and literature collec ...
''.
The genus is named in honour of
Hugh Davies, a Welsh botanist.
Distribution
Species of ''Daviesia'' are found in all states and mainland territories of Australia, but the majority occur in Western Australia.
Species list
The following is a list of ''Daviesia'' species accepted by the
Australian Plant Census
The Australian Plant Census (APC) provides an online interface to currently accepted, published, scientific names of the vascular flora of Australia, as one of the output interfaces of the national government Integrated Biodiversity Information Sys ...
:
* ''
Daviesia abnormis''
F.Muell.
Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Victoria (state), Vic ...
(W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia acicularis''
Sm. – sharp bitter-pea (N.S.W., Qld., A.C.T.)
* ''
Daviesia alata''
Sm. (N.S.W.)
* ''
Daviesia alternifolia''
Endl. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia anceps''
Turcz. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia angulata''
Benth.
George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...
(W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia aphylla''
F.Muell.
Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Victoria (state), Vic ...
ex Benth.
George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...
(W.A., S.A.)
* ''
Daviesia apiculata''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia arborea''
W.Hill – golden pea, bitterleaf pea (Qld., N.S.W.)
* ''
Daviesia arenaria''
Crisp – sandhill bitter-pea (S.A., N.S.W., Vic.)
* ''
Daviesia argillacea''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia arthropoda''
F.Muell. (W.A., N.T., S.A., Qld.)
* ''
Daviesia articulata''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia asperula''
Crisp (S.A.)
** ''Daviesia asperula''
Crisp subsp. ''asperula''
** ''Daviesia asperula'' subsp. ''obliqua''
Crisp
* ''
Daviesia audax''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia benthamii''
Meisn. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia brachyphylla''
Meisn. (W.A.
* ''
Daviesia brevifolia''
Lindl. – leafless bitter-pea (S.A., Vic.)
* ''
Daviesia bursarioides''
Crisp – Three Springs daviesia (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia buxifolia''
Benth. – box-leaf bitter-pea (N.S.W., Vic.)
* ''
Daviesia campephylla''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia cardiophylla''
F.Muell. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia chapmanii''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia cordata''
Sm. – bookleaf (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia corymbosa''
Sm. – narrow leaf bitter-pea (N.S.W.)
* ''
Daviesia costata''
Cheel (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia crassa''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia crenulata''
Turcz. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia croniniana''
F.Muell. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia cunderdin''
Crisp & G.Chandler – Cunderdin daviesia (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia daphnoides''
Meisn. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia debilior''
Crisp (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia debilior''
Crisp subsp. ''debilior'' (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia debilior'' subsp. ''sinuans''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia decipiens''
( E.Pritz.) Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia decurrens''
Meisn. – prickly bitter-pea (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia decurrens''
Meisn. subsp. ''decurrens'' (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia decurrens'' subsp. ''hamata''
(Crisp) Crisp & G.Chandler (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia devito''
Crisp & L.G.Cook (S.A., N.S.W., Vic.)
* ''
Daviesia dielsii''
E.Pritz. – Diels' daviesia (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia dilatata''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia discolor''
Pedley (Qld.)
* ''
Daviesia divaricata''
Benth. – marno (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia divaricata''
Benth. subsp. ''divaricata'' (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia divaricata'' subsp. ''lanulosa''
Crisp & G.Chandler (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia elliptica''
Crisp – wild hops (Qld., N.S.W.)
* ''Daviesia elliptica''
Crisp × ''Daviesia mimosoides''
R.Br. subsp. ''mimosoides'' (Qld.)
* ''
Daviesia elongata''
Benth. (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia elongata''
Benth. subsp. ''elongata'' (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia emarginata''
( Miq.) Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia epiphyllum''
Meisn. – staghorn bush (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia eremaea''
Crisp (W.A., N.T.)
* ''
Daviesia euphorbioides''
Benth. (W.A.) – Wongan cactus
* ''
Daviesia eurylobos''
Crisp & G.Chandler (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia filipes''
Benth. (Qld.)
** ''Daviesia filipes''
Benth. subsp. ''filipes'' (Qld.)
** ''Daviesia filipes'' subsp. ''terminalis''
Crisp & G.Chandler (Qld.)
* ''
Daviesia flava''
Pedley (Qld.)
* ''
Daviesia flexuosa''
Benth. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia genistifolia''
A.Cunn.
Allan Cunningham (13 July 1791 – 27 June 1839) was an English botanist and explorer, primarily known for his expeditions into uncolonised areas of eastern Australia to collect plants and report on the suitability of the land for grazing ...
ex Benth. – broom bitter-pea (S.A., Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic.)
* ''
Daviesia glossosema''
Crisp – maroon-flowered daviesia (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia gracilis''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia grahamii''
Ewart & Jean White (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia grossa''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia hakeoides''
Meisn. (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia hakeoides''
Meisn. subsp. ''hakeoides''
** ''Daviseia hakeoides'' subsp. ''subnuda''
Crisp
* ''
Daviesia horrida''
Preiss Preiss is a Germanic surname, and may refer to:
* Ferdinand Preiss (1882–1943), German sculptor
* Balthazar Preiss (1765-1850), Austrian naturalist
* Ludwig Preiss (1811–1883), German naturalist
* Wolfgang Preiss (1910–2002), German actor ...
ex Meisn. – prickly bitter-pea (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia implexa''
(Crisp) Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia incrassata''
Sm. (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia incrassata''
Sm. subsp. ''incrassata''
** ''Daviesia incrassata'' subsp. ''reversifolia''
(F.Muell.) Crisp
** ''Daviesia incrassata'' subsp. ''teres''
Crisp
* ''
Daviesia inflata''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia intricata''
Crisp (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia intricata''
Crisp subsp. ''intricata''
** ''Daviesia intricata'' subsp. ''xiphophylla''
Crisp
* ''
Daviesia laevis''
Crisp (Vic.)
* ''
Daviesia lancifolia''
Turcz. (W.A)
* ''
Daviesia latifolia''
R.Br. – hop bitter-pea (Qld., N.S.W., Vic., Tas.)
* ''
Daviesia laxiflora''
( J.H.Willis) Crisp (Vic.)
* ''
Daviesia leptophylla''
A.Cunn. ex G.Don – narrow-leaf bitter-pea (S.A., N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic.)
* ''
Daviesia lineata''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia localis''
Hislop (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia longifolia''
Benth. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia major''
(Benth.) Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia megacalyx''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia mesophylla''
Ewart (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia microcarpa''
Crisp – Norseman pea (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia microphylla''
Benth. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia mimosoides''
R.Br. – blunt-leaf bitter-pea, narrow-leaf bitter pea, leafy bitter-pea (Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic.)
** ''Daviesia mimosoides'' subsp. ''acris''
Crisp (N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic.)
** ''Daviesia mimosoides''
R.Br. subsp. ''mimosoides'' (Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic.)
* ''
Daviesia mollis''
Turcz. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia nematophylla''
F.Muell. ex Benth. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia newbeyi''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia nova-anglica''
Crisp (N.S.W.)
* ''
Daviesia nudiflora''
Meisn. (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia nudiflora'' subsp. ''amplectens''
Crisp
** ''Daviesia nudiflora'' subsp. ''drummondii''
(Meisn.) Crisp
** ''Daviesia nudiflora'' subsp. ''hirtella''
Crisp
** ''Daviesia nudiflora''
Meisn. subsp. ''nudiflora''
* ''
Daviesia obovata''
Turcz. – paddle-leaf daviesia (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia oppositifolia''
Endl. – rattle-pea (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia ovata''
Benth. – broad-leaf daviesia (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia oxyclada''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia oxylobium''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia pachyloma''
Turcz. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia pachyphylla''
F.Muell. – ouch bush (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia pauciflora''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia pectinata''
Lindl. – thorny bitter-pea (S.A., Vic.)
* ''
Daviesia pedunculata''
Benth. ex Lindl. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia physodes''
A.Cunn. ex G.Don (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia pleurophylla''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia podophylla''
Crisp – buggery bush (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia polyphylla''
Benth. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia preissii''
Meisn. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia pseudaphylla''
Crisp – Stirling Range daviesia (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia pteroclada''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia pubigera''
A.Cunn. ex Benth. (N.S.W.)
* ''
Daviesia purpurascens''
Crisp – purple-leaved daviesia (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia quadrilatera''
Benth. – buggery bush (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia quoquoversus''
Crisp (Qld.)
* ''
Daviesia ramosissima''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia reclinata''
A.Cunn. ex Benth. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia retrorsa''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia rhizomata''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia rhombifolia''
Meisn. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia rubiginosa''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia sarissa''
Crisp (W.A.)
** ''Daviesia sarissa'' subsp. ''redacta''
Crisp
** ''Daviesia sarissa''
Crisp subsp. ''sarissa''
Crisp
* ''
Daviesia scoparia''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia sarissa''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia scabrella''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia schwarzenegger''
Crisp & L.G.Cook (N.S.W., Vic., S.A.)
* ''
Daviesia scoparia''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia sejugata''
G. Chandler & Crisp (S.A., Tas.)
* ''
Daviesia smithiorum''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''Daviesia'' sp. Calliope (N.Gibson TOI308) Qld Herbarium (Qld.)
* ''
Daviesia speciosa''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia spinosissima''
Meisn. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia spiralis''
Crisp – spiral-leaved daviesia (W.A.)
* ''Daviesia'' sp. Isla Gorge (K.R.McDonald KRM231) Qld Herbarium (Qld.)
* ''
Daviesia squarrosa''
Sm. (Qld., N.S.W.)
* ''
Daviesia striata''
Turcz. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia stricta''
Crisp (S.A.)
* ''
Daviesia suaveolens''
Crisp (N.S.W.)
* ''
Daviesia subulata''
Crisp & G.Chandler (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia teretifolia''
R.Br. ex Benth. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia tortuosa''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia triflora''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia trigonophylla''
Meisn. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia ulicifolia''
Andrews Andrews may refer to:
Places Australia
*Andrews, Queensland
*Andrews, South Australia
United States
*Andrews, Florida (disambiguation), various places
*Andrews, Indiana
*Andrews, Nebraska
*Andrews, North Carolina
*Andrews, Oregon
*Andrews, South ...
– gorse bitter-pea (W.A., S.A., Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T., Tas.)
** ''Daviesia ulicifolia'' subsp. ''aridicola''
G.Chandler & Crisp
** ''Daviesia ulicifolia'' subsp. Bybera (C.T.White 12612) Qld Herbarium (Qld.)
** ''Daviesia ulicifolia'' subsp. ''incarnata''
G.Chandler & Crisp (S.A.)
** ''Daviesia ulicifolia'' subsp. ''pilligensis''
G.Chandler & Crisp (N.S.W.)
** ''Daviesia ulicifolia'' subsp. ''ruscifolia''
(A.Cunn. ex Benth.) G.Chandler & Crisp (N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic., Tas.)
** ''Daviesia ulicifolia'' subsp. ''stenophylla''
G.Chandler & Crisp (Qld., N.S.W.)
** ''Daviesia ulicifolia'' subsp. ''stenophylla''
G.Chandler & Crisp × ''Daviesia wyattiana''
F.M.Bailey (Qld.)
** ''Daviesia ulicifolia''
Andrews subsp. ''ulicifolia'' (S.A., Qld., N.S.W., Vic., Tas.)
** ''Daviesia ulicifolia'' subsp. Warwick (K.R.McDonald KRM107) Qld Herbarium (Qld.)
* ''
Daviesia umbellulata''
Sm. (Qld., N.S.W.)
* ''
Daviesia umbonata''
G. Chandler & Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia uncinata''
Crisp (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia uniflora''
D.A.Herb. (W.A.)
* ''
Daviesia villifera''
A.Cunn. ex Benth. (Qld., N.S.W.)
* ''
Daviesia wyattiana''
F.M.Bailey – long-leaf bitter-pea (Qld., N.S.W., Vic.)
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1308605
Fabaceae genera
Endemic flora of Australia
Fabales of Australia