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David Llewellyn Snellgrove, FBA (29 June 192025 March 2016) was a British Tibetologist noted for his pioneering work on
Buddhism in Tibet Tibetan Buddhism is a form of Buddhism practiced in Tibet, Bhutan and Mongolia. It also has a sizable number of adherents in the areas surrounding the Himalayas, including the Indian regions of Ladakh, Darjeeling, Sikkim, and Arunachal Prades ...
as well as his many travelogues.


Biography

Snellgrove was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire, and educated at
Christ's Hospital Christ's Hospital is a Public school (United Kingdom), public school (English Private schools in the United Kingdom, fee-charging boarding school for pupils aged 11–18) with a royal charter, located to the south of Horsham in West Sussex. T ...
near
Horsham Horsham () is a market town on the upper reaches of the River Arun on the fringe of the Weald in West Sussex, England. The town is south south-west of London, north-west of Brighton and north-east of the county town of Chichester. Nearby to ...
in
West Sussex West Sussex is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South East England. It is bordered by Surrey to the north, East Sussex to the east, the English Channel to the south, and Hampshire to the west. The largest settlement is Cr ...
. He went on to study German and French at
Southampton University The University of Southampton (abbreviated as ''Soton'' in post-nominal letters) is a public research university in Southampton, England. Southampton is a founding member of the Russell Group of research-intensive universities in the United K ...
. In 1941 he was called up to do his military service as a member of the
Royal Engineers The Corps of Royal Engineers, usually called the Royal Engineers (RE), and commonly known as the ''Sappers'', is the engineering arm of the British Army. It provides military engineering and other technical support to the British Armed Forces ...
. He attended the Officers Cadet Training Unit in the Scottish seaside town of
Dunbar Dunbar () is a town on the North Sea coast in East Lothian in the south-east of Scotland, approximately east of Edinburgh and from the Anglo–Scottish border, English border north of Berwick-upon-Tweed. Dunbar is a former royal burgh, and ...
, and was commissioned as an infantry officer. Thereafter he attended various intelligence courses and further training at the
War Office The War Office has referred to several British government organisations throughout history, all relating to the army. It was a department of the British Government responsible for the administration of the British Army between 1857 and 1964, at ...
in London, from where he requested a posting to India. Snellgrove arrived in
Bombay Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial centre, financial capital and the list of cities i ...
in June 1943, and travelled cross-country to
Calcutta Kolkata, also known as Calcutta (List of renamed places in India#West Bengal, its official name until 2001), is the capital and largest city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of West Bengal. It lies on the eastern ba ...
. He was stationed at
Barrackpore Barrackpore (), also known as Barrackpore,is a city and municipality in North 24 Parganas district in the India, Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Barrackpore subdivision. The city is a part of the area covered by Ko ...
, some way up the
Hooghly River The Hooghly River (, also spelled ''Hoogli'' or ''Hugli'') is the westernmost distributary of the Ganges, situated in West Bengal, India. It is known in its upper reaches as the Bhagirathi. The Bhagirathi splits off from the main branch of the G ...
. A few months after beginning his posting he contracted
malaria Malaria is a Mosquito-borne disease, mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects vertebrates and ''Anopheles'' mosquitoes. Human malaria causes Signs and symptoms, symptoms that typically include fever, Fatigue (medical), fatigue, vomitin ...
and was sent to the military hospital at Lebong, just north of
Darjeeling Darjeeling (, , ) is a city in the northernmost region of the States and union territories of India, Indian state of West Bengal. Located in the Eastern Himalayas, it has an average elevation of . To the west of Darjeeling lies the Koshi Pr ...
. It was while he was at Lebong that he began his future life's calling by purchasing some books about Tibet by
Charles Bell Sir Charles Bell (12 November 177428 April 1842) was a Scottish surgeon, anatomist, physiologist, neurologist, artist, and philosophical theologian. He is noted for discovering the difference between sensory nerves and motor nerves in the ...
as well as a Tibetan Grammar and Reader. Snellgrove returned to Darjeeling, from where he sometimes went on leave to
Kalimpong Kalimpong is a town and the headquarters of an eponymous district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is located at an average elevation of . The town is the headquarters of the Kalimpong district. The region comes under Gorkhaland Territo ...
. On one of these visits he took a young Tibetan into his personal employ in order to have someone with whom to practise speaking Tibetan. He also travelled in the small Himalayan state of
Sikkim Sikkim ( ; ) is a States and union territories of India, state in northeastern India. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China in the north and northeast, Bhutan in the east, Koshi Province of Nepal in the west, and West Bengal in the ...
, and on one such visit he met Sir Basil Gould, who was then the British Representative for Tibet. Inspired to work in Tibet, in 1946 after he left the Army he sat the entrance exams for the
Indian Civil Service The Indian Civil Service (ICS), officially known as the Imperial Civil Service, was the higher civil service of the British Empire in India during British Raj, British rule in the period between 1858 and 1947. Its members ruled over more than 3 ...
. This was the first time the exams had been held since the start of the war, and the last time they were ever held. Although he passed the exams, he was not able to take up an appointment in India. Having already begun to study Tibetan, he resolved to find a university where he could further his studies. However, as no university offered courses in Tibetan at that time he was convinced by Sir Harold Bailey that a sound knowledge of
Sanskrit Sanskrit (; stem form ; nominal singular , ,) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in northwest South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural ...
and
Pali Pāli (, IAST: pāl̤i) is a Classical languages of India, classical Middle Indo-Aryan languages, Middle Indo-Aryan language of the Indian subcontinent. It is widely studied because it is the language of the Buddhist ''Pali Canon, Pāli Can ...
would be beneficial, so he gained entry to
Queens' College, Cambridge Queens' College is a Colleges of the University of Cambridge, constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Queens' is one of the 16 "old colleges" of the university, and was founded in 1448 by Margaret of Anjou. Its buildings span the R ...
in October 1946. While at Cambridge, he converted to Roman Catholicism, in part through the influence of his friend Bede Griffiths. In 1950, after having completed his studies at Cambridge, he was invited to teach a course in elementary Tibetan at the
School of Oriental and African Studies The School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS University of London; ) is a public research university in London, England, and a member institution of the federal University of London. Founded in 1916, SOAS is located in the Bloomsbury area ...
University of London The University of London (UoL; abbreviated as Lond or more rarely Londin in Post-nominal letters, post-nominals) is a collegiate university, federal Public university, public research university located in London, England, United Kingdom. The ...
. He was Professor of Tibetan at SOAS until his retirement in 1982. Snellgrove's research subsequent to his retirement was focused increasingly upon the art history of South East Asia. He died on 25 March 2016 in Pinerolo, Italy. Snellgrove was elected a
fellow of the British Academy Fellowship of the British Academy (post-nominal letters FBA) is an award granted by the British Academy to leading academics for their distinction in the humanities and social sciences. The categories are: # Fellows – scholars resident in t ...
in 1969."Professor David Snellgrove FBA"
''
The British Academy The British Academy for the Promotion of Historical, Philosophical and Philological Studies is the United Kingdom's national academy A national academy is an organizational body, usually operating with state financial support and approval, th ...
''. Retrieved 15 July 2021.


Bibliography


Books and articles

*Snellgrove, David. (1956) Buddhist Morality. IN: ''Springs of Morality'' 239–257. *Snellgrove, David. (1957) ''Buddhist Himālaya: travels and studies in quest of the origins and nature of Tibetan religion.'' Oxford: B. Cassirer. *Snellgrove, David (1958). Note on the Adhyāsayasamcodana Sûtra. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'' 21: 620–623. *Snellgrove, David. (1959) The Notion of Divine Kingship in Tantric Buddhism. The Sacral Kingship (E.J. Brill, Leiden). *Snellgrove, David. (1960) Cultural and Educational Traditions in Tibet. ''Science and Freedom'' 14: 26–33. *Snellgrove, David. (1961) Shrines and Temples of Nepal. ''Arts Asiatiques'' 8 fasc. 1, pp. 3–10; fasc. 2, pp. 93–120. *Snellgrove, David. (1961) ''Himalayan Pilgrimage: a study of Tibetan religion by a traveller through Western Nepal.'' Oxford: Bruno Cassirer. *Snellgrove, David. (1966) For a Sociology of Tibetan Speaking Regions. ''Central Asiatic Journal'' 11: 199–219. *Snellgrove, David. (1967) ''Four Lamas of Dolpo.'' Oxford: Bruno Cassirer. *Snellgrove, David. (1967) ''The Nine Ways of Bon: excerpts from gZi-brjid.'' London: Oxford University Press. *Snellgrove, David & Richardson, Hugh. (1968) ''A Cultural History of Tibet.'' London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. *Snellgrove, David. (1969) Cosmological Patterns in Buddhist Tradition. ''Studia Missionalia'' 87–110. *Snellgrove, David. (1970) Sanctified Man in Mahāyāna Buddhism. Rome: Studia Missionalia, 55–85. *Snellgrove, David. (1971) Buddhism in Tibet. ''Shambhala'' (Occasional Papers of the Inst. of Tibetan Studies) no 1, 31–44. *Snellgrove, David. (1971) Indo-Tibetan Liturgy and its Relationship to Iconography. ''Mahāyāna Art after 900 A.D.'' 36–46. *Snellgrove, David. (1971) The End of a Unique Civilisation. ''Shambhala'' (Occasional Papers of the Institute of Tibetan Studies) no 1, 3–6. *Snellgrove, David. (1972) Traditional and Doctrinal Interpretation of Buddhahood. ''Bulletin of the Secretariat for Non-christian Religions'' (1970) 3–24. *Snellgrove, David. Two Recent Studies in Buddhism. ''Heythrop J.'' 13 no. 3, 307–315. *Snellgrove, David. (1973) Buddhist Monasticism. ''Shambhala'' (Occasional Papers of the Institute of Tibetan Studies) no 2, 13–25. *Snellgrove, David. (1973) "Śākyamuni's Final 'nirvāṇa.'" ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London,'' 36: 399–411. *Snellgrove, David. (1974) In Search of the Historical Sākyamuni. ''South Asian Review'' 7: 151–157. *Snellgrove, David & Tadeusz Skorupski. (1977) ''The Cultural Heritage of Ladakh,'' Warminster: Aris & Phillips. *Snellgrove, David. (1978) ''The Image of the Buddha,'' Paris: UNESCO. *Snellgrove, David. (1979) A Description of Muktinath, the Place of Promenade, Ku-tsab-ter-nga, Mount Mu-li, the Guru's Hidden Cave and the Sna-ri Lord (text translation). ''Kailash'' 7: 106–128. *Snellgrove, David. (1979) Places of Pilgrimage in Thag (Thak Khola). ''Kailash'' 7 no. 2, pp. 70 ff. (75–170?). Dkar-chag. *Snellgrove, David. (1980) ''The Hevajra Tantra: A Critical Study,'' London: Oxford University Press. *Snellgrove, David. (1980) ''The Nine Ways of Bon: Excerpts from Gzi-brjid Edited and Translated,'' Boulder: Prajñā Press. *Snellgrove, David. (1981) ''Himalayan Pilgrimage,'' Boulder: Prajñā Press. *Snellgrove, David. (1982) Buddhism in North India and the Western Himalayas: Seventh to Thirteenth Centuries. IN: D. Klimburg-Salter, ed., ''The Silk Route and the Diamond Path'' UCLA Art Council, 64–80. *Snellgrove, David. (1987) ''Indo-Tibetan Buddhism: Indian Buddhists and their Tibetan successors.'' London: Serindia. *Snellgrove, David. (1988) "Categories of Buddhist Tantras." G. Gnoli & L. Lanciotti, ''Orientalia Iosephi Tucci Memoriae Dicata,'' Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente. vol. 3 pp. 1353–1384. *Snellgrove, David. (1989) Multiple Features of the Buddhist Heritage. T. Skorupski, ed, ''The Buddhist Heritage'' 7–18. *Snellgrove, David. Review of Meyer, Gso-ba Rig-pa. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'' 46 pt. 1 (1983) 172–174. *Snellgrove, David. (1996) Borobudur: Stûpa or Mandala? ''East and West'' 46 no 3-4: 477–484. *Snellgrove, David. (2000) ''Asian Commitment: Travels and Studies in the Indian Sub-Continent and South-East Asia.'' Bangkok: Orchid Press. *Snellgrove, David. (2001) The Relationship of Buddhism to the Royal Brahmanical Cult in the Khmer Empire. IN: R. Torella, ed., ''Le parole e i marmi'' (Rome). *Snellgrove, David. (2001) ''Khmer Civilization and Angkor.'' Bangkok: Orchid Press. *Snellgrove, David. (2004) ''Angkor, Before and After: a Cultural History of the Khmers.'' Bangkok: Orchid Press. *Snellgrove, David. (2006) ''Religion as History, Religion as Myth.'' Bangkok: Orchid Press. *Snellgrove, David. (2008) How Samten Came to Europe. ''Revue d'Études Tibétaines'' 14: 1–6.


Reviews

*Snellgrove, David (1951). The Book of Chao by W. Liebenthal. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 13, No. 4 (1951), pp. 1053–1055 *Snellgrove, David (1952). Mi-la Ras-pa by Helmut Hoffmann. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 14, No. 2 (1952), pp. 396–399 *Snellgrove, David (1954). Tombs of the Tibetan Kings by Giuseppe Tucci. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 16, No. 1 (1954), p. 200 *Snellgrove, David (1954). The Śatapañcāśatka of Mātṛceṭa by D. R. Shackleton Bailey. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 16, No. 1 (1954), pp. 199–200. *Snellgrove, David. (1954). An Introduction to Tantric Buddhism by Shashi Bhusan Dasgupta. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 16, No. 1 (1954), pp. 178–179 *Snellgrove, David (1954). Manuel élémentaire de tibétain classique (méthode empirique) by Marcelle Lalou. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 16, No. 1 (1954), pp. 198–199 *Snellgrove, David (1954). Deux traités grammaticaux tibétains and Morphologie du verbe tibétain by Jacques A. Durr. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 16, No. 1 (1954), pp. 179–182 *Snellgrove, David (1956). Tibetan Folksongs from the District of Gyantse by Giuseppe Tucci. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 18, No. 1 (1956), p. 204 *Snellgrove, David (1956). The Na-khi Nāga cult and Related Ceremonies by J. F. Rock. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 18, No. 1 (1956), pp. 190–191 *Snellgrove, David (1958). Ancient Folk-Literature from North-Eastern Tibet (Introductions, Texts, Translations and Notes) by F. W. Thomas. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 21, No. 1/3 (1958), pp. 650–651 *Snellgrove, David. (1958). Oracles and Demons of Tibet: The Cult and Iconography of the Tibetan Protective Deities by René de Nebesky-Wojkowitz. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 21, No. 1/3 (1958), pp. 649–650 *Snellgrove, David. (1958). Thirteen Tibetan Tankas by Edna Bryner. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 21, No. 1/3 (1958), pp. 677–678 *Snellgrove, David (1959). L'épopée tibétaine de Gesar dans sa version lamaïque de Ling by R. A. Stein. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 22, No. 1/3 (1959), pp. 596–597 *Snellgrove, David (1959). Die tibetischen Handschriften und Drucke des Linden-Museums in Stuttgart by R. O. Meisezahl. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 22, No. 1/3 (1959), p. 621 *Snellgrove, David (1959). Preliminary Report on Two Scientific Expeditions in Nepal by Giuseppe Tucci. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 22, No. 1/3 (1959), pp. 377–378 *Snellgrove, David (1959). Mediaeval History of Nepal (c. 750–1480) by Luciano Petech. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 22, No. 1/3 (1959), p. 378 *Snellgrove, David (1959). Le parler de l'Amdo: étude dialecte archaïque du Tibet by Georges de Roerich. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 22, No. 1/3 (1959), p. 621 *Snellgrove, David. (1961). Nepal: A Cultural and Physical Geography by Pradyumna P. Karan, William M. Jenkins. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 24, No. 1 (1961), pp. 156–159 *Snellgrove, David. (1962). The Large sutra on Perfect Wisdom, with the Divisions of the Abhisamayālaṅkāra. Part I by Edward Conze. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 25, No. 1/3 (1962), pp. 376–377 *Snellgrove, David (1963). La civilisation tibétaine by R. A. Stein. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 26, No. 3 (1963), pp. 671–672 *Snellgrove, David. (1983). gSo-ba riq-pa, le système médical tibétain by Fernand Meyer. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 46, No. 1 (1983), pp. 172–174 *Snellgrove, David. (1985). Tibetan Thangka Painting: Methods and Materials by Janice A. Jackson, David P. Jackson. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 48, No. 3 (1985), pp. 580–582 *Snellgrove, David (1988). Il mito psicologico nell' India antica by
Maryla Falk Maryla Falk (26 April 1906 in Lviv – 13 June 1980 in Chamonix Mont Blanc) was a Polish indologist and religious scholar. A member of the Polish Oriental Society, she is best remembered for her book ''Mit psychologiczny w starożytnych Indiach ...
. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London'', Vol. 51, No. 2 (1988), pp. 362–365


References


External links


Professor David Snellgrove, Tibetologist – obituary
The Telegraph ''The Telegraph'', ''Daily Telegraph'', ''Sunday Telegraph'' and other variant names are often names for newspapers. Newspapers with these titles include: Australia * The Telegraph (Adelaide), ''The Telegraph'' (Adelaide), a newspaper in Adelaid ...
, 18. April 2016. {{DEFAULTSORT:Snellgrove, David Llewellyn 1920 births 2016 deaths Academics of SOAS University of London Academics of the University of London Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge Alumni of the University of Southampton British Army personnel of World War II English Roman Catholics People educated at Christ's Hospital Royal Engineers officers Tibetologists Fellows of the British Academy Himalayan studies