David Morrison (astrophysicist)

David Morrison (born June 26, 1940) is an American astronomer, a senior scientist at the Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute, at NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. Morrison is the former director of the Carl Sagan Center for Study of Life in the Universe at the SETI Institute and of the NASA Lunar Science Institute. He is the past Director of Space at NASA Ames. Morrison is credited as a founder of the multi-disciplinary field of astrobiology. Morrison is best known for his work in risk assessment of near Earth objects such as asteroids and comets. Asteroid 2410 Morrison was named in his honor. Morrison is also known for his "Ask an Astrobiologist" series on NASA's website where he provides answers to questions submitted by the public. He has published 12 books and over 150 papers primarily on planetary science, astrobiology and near Earth objects.

Biography

David Morrison was born in Danville, Illinois on June 26, 1940. He attended elementary and high school in Danville and graduated from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in 1962. He studied astronomy at Harvard University and received his Ph.D. in 1969, with Carl Sagan as his thesis advisor.

Astronomical career

Morrison was Professor of Astronomy at Institute for Astronomy at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa from 1969 until 1988. He also directed the 3-meter NASA Infrared Telescope Facility of Mauna Kea Observatory"Evaluation of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, as an Observatory Site," ''Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific'' 85: 255 267, 1973 and served for two years as University Vice Chancellor for Research. His research accomplishments include demonstration of the uniform high surface temperature of Venus,"Venus: Absence of a Phase Effect at a 2 centimeter Wavelength," Science 163: 815 817, 1969 the discovery that Neptune has a large internal heat source while its “twin” planet Uranus does not,"Temperatures of Uranus and Neptune at 24 Microns," ''Astrophysical Journal'' 179: 329 331, 1973 determination of the surface composition of Pluto,"Pluto: Evidence for Methane Frost," Science 194: 835 837, 1976 first ground-based measurements of the heat flow from Jupiter's volcanic moon Io,"lo: Observational Constraints on Internal Energy and Thermophysics of the Surface," ''Icarus'' 44: 226 233, 1980 discovery of the fundamental division of the asteroids into dark (primitive) and light (stony) classes,"Surface Properties of Asteroids: A Synthesis of Polarimetry, Radiometry, and Spectrophotometry," ''Icarus'' 25: 104 130, 1975 and the first quantitative estimate of the cosmic impact hazard."Impacts on the Earth by Asteroids and Comets: Assessing the Hazard” ''Nature'' 367: 33–40, 1994 Morrison was also co-chair of the first NASA Astrobiology Roadmap workshop and report.

He served as a science investigator on Mariner, Voyager and ''Galileo'' space science missions. He was on the faculty of the Institute for Astronomy at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa from 1969 until 1988, when he joined the senior management staff of NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View, CA. While on the faculty of the University of Hawaiʻi, Morrison spent two sabbaticals at the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory of the University of Arizona in Tucson, and two assignments in space science management at NASA Headquarters in Washington DC.

David Morrison has held a variety of senior science management positions at NASA Headquarters in Washington and at Ames Research Center in California. In Washington he was the first Program Scientist for the ''Galileo'' mission to Jupiter, where he was responsible for defining the mission objectives and recommending the instruments and science investigations that were selected for this mission. He also served as Deputy Associate Administrator for what is now called the NASA Science Mission Directorate. At NASA Ames, he has been Chief of the Space Science Division, Director Space, and most recently the founding Director of the NASA Lunar Science Institute. His responsibilities included the major NASA missions Lunar Pathfinder, Kepler and SOFIA.

Professional activities

Morrison is author of leading college undergraduate texts in astronomy and planetary science. He is a popular public writer and lecturer, promoting a scientific and fact-based perspective about such topics as Emmanuel Velikovsky's pseudocosmology,"Velikovsky at 50” ''Skeptic Magazine'' 9, 2001 the evolution-creationist conflict,"Only a Theory: Framing the Evolution-Creation Debate”, ''Skeptical Inquirer'' Nov–Dec 2005 climate change denialism,Disinformation about Global Warming”, Skeptical Inquirer Volume 34.2, March / April 2010 and the 2012 doomsday hoax."Doomsday 2012, Nibiru, and Cosmophobia”

As a science communicator, he frequently debunks myths of mystery planets. In interviews in 2011 and 2017, Morrison explained that he receives five emails a day about a supposed Nibiru cataclysm, an apocalyptic hoax, which he initially expected to be a short-lived phenomenon but which "keeps popping up" and is the subject of an estimated two million websites. He launched a YouTube video about the 2012 hoax telling the public that they have nothing to worry about. The video was briefly featured in the opening credits of the 2013 film '' World War Z'', based on the 2006 novel of the same name.

Honors

Morrison is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, of the California Academy of Sciences, and of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry; also a supporter (and member of the Advisory Council, since 2013) of the National Center for Science Education. He is also a Scientist Trustee of the California Academy of Sciences.

He has served as Councilor of the American Astronomical Society, Chair of the Division for Planetary Science of the American Astronomical Society, President of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Chair of the Astronomy Section of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and both President of Commission 16 (Planets and Satellites) and of the Working Group on Near Earth Objects of the International Astronomical Union.

Morrison received the Dryden Medal for research of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the Carl Sagan Medal of the American Astronomical Society for public Communication, and the Klumpke-Roberts Award of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific for his contributions to science education. NASA has also awarded him Outstanding Leadership medals twice as well as the Presidential Meritorious Rank.

In 2015, David Morrison received the American Astronomical Society's (AAS) Education Prize in recognition for his outstanding contributions to the education of the public, students and future astronomers."David Morrison Honored with AAS Education Award” ''Skeptical Inquirer Magazine'' Vol 9. N03, page 11,May/June 2015

References

External links

Ask an Astrobiologist
(Questions and Answers)
* (March 2012)
Morrison's outreach video debunking 2012 doomsday claims
(2010 vimeo)
author page
at ''Skeptical Inquirer'', example articl
Disinformation about Global Warming
Volume 34.2, March/April 2010, on climate change denial.
David Morrison
(03.27.07)
David Morrison
(Director, Carl Sagan Center @ SETI)
Debunker of Doomsday: NASA scientist tries to talk some sense into the world
(Mercury News 12/17/2012)
*, part of the Silicon Valley Astronomy Lectures
Free open-source astronomy textbook co-authored by David Morrison

{{DEFAULTSORT:Morrison, David
1940 births
Living people
American astrophysicists
American astrobiologists
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
American planetary scientists
University of Illinois College of Liberal Arts and Sciences alumni
Institute for Astronomy (Hawaii) people