David George Hogarth (23 May 1862 – 6 November 1927), also known as D. G. Hogarth, was a British orientalist

archaeologist Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of Artifact (archaeology), artifacts, architecture, biofact (archaeology), biofacts or ecofacts, ...

and scholar associated with T. E. Lawrence and

Arthur Evans Sir Arthur John Evans (8 July 1851 – 11 July 1941) was a British archaeologist and pioneer in the study of Aegean civilization in the Bronze Age. The first excavations at the Minoan palace of Knossos on the List of islands of Greece, Gree ...

. He was Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford from 1909 to 1927. Hogarth was commissioned into the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve during the

First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

and served with the Naval Intelligence Division. During 1916, he was the acting director of the

Arab Bureau The Arab Bureau was a section of the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, Cairo Intelligence Department established in 1916 during the World War I, First World War, and closed in 1920, whose purpose was the collection and dissemination ...

, and was later responsible for delivering the Hogarth message.

Early life and education

D. G. Hogarth was the son of Reverend George Hogarth,

Vicar A vicar (; Latin: '' vicarius'') is a representative, deputy or substitute; anyone acting "in the person of" or agent for a superior (compare "vicarious" in the sense of "at second hand"). Linguistically, ''vicar'' is cognate with the English p ...

of Barton-upon-Humber, and Jane Elizabeth (Uppleby) Hogarth. He had a sister three years younger, Janet E. Courtney, an author and feminist. In one of his autobiographical works, Hogarth claimed to be an antiquary who was made so, rather than born to it. He said, "nothing disposed me to my trade in early years." Those years included a secondary education, 1876–1880, at

Winchester College Winchester College is an English Public school (United Kingdom), public school (a long-established fee-charging boarding school for pupils aged 13–18) with some provision for day school, day attendees, in Winchester, Hampshire, England. It wa ...

, which claims to be, and was labelled by Hogarth as, "our oldest Public School." In October 1881, Hogarth matriculated into

Magdalen College, Oxford Magdalen College ( ) is a Colleges of the University of Oxford, constituent college of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1458 by Bishop of Winchester William of Waynflete. It is one of the wealthiest Oxford colleges, as of 2022, and ...

to study '' Literae Humaniores''. He achieved first class honours in both Mods (1882) and Greats (1885). He graduated with a

Bachelor of Arts A Bachelor of Arts (abbreviated B.A., BA, A.B. or AB; from the Latin ', ', or ') is the holder of a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the liberal arts, or, in some cases, other disciplines. A Bachelor of Arts deg ...

(BA) degree in 1885: as per tradition, his BA was promoted to a

Master of Arts A Master of Arts ( or ''Artium Magister''; abbreviated MA or AM) is the holder of a master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is usually contrasted with that of Master of Science. Those admitted to the degree have ...

(MA Oxon) degree.

Career

In 1886, Hogarth was elected a

Fellow A fellow is a title and form of address for distinguished, learned, or skilled individuals in academia, medicine, research, and industry. The exact meaning of the term differs in each field. In learned society, learned or professional society, p ...

. Between 1887 and 1907, he travelled to excavations in

Cyprus Cyprus (), officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Situated in West Asia, its cultural identity and geopolitical orientation are overwhelmingly Southeast European. Cyprus is the List of isl ...

Crete Crete ( ; , Modern Greek, Modern: , Ancient Greek, Ancient: ) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the List of islands by area, 88th largest island in the world and the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, fifth la ...

Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...

Syria Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to Syria–Turkey border, the north, Iraq to Iraq–Syria border, t ...

Melos Milos or Melos (; , ; ) is a volcanic Greek island in the Aegean Sea, just north of the Sea of Crete. It is the southwestern-most island of the Cyclades group. The ''Venus de Milo'' (now in the Louvre), the '' Poseidon of Melos'' (now in the ...

, and

Ephesus Ephesus (; ; ; may ultimately derive from ) was an Ancient Greece, ancient Greek city on the coast of Ionia, in present-day Selçuk in İzmir Province, Turkey. It was built in the 10th century BC on the site of Apasa, the former Arzawan capital ...

(the

Temple of Artemis The Temple of Artemis or Artemision (; ), also known as the Temple of Diana, was a Greek temple dedicated to an ancient, localised form of the goddess Artemis (equated with the Religion in ancient Rome, Roman goddess Diana (mythology), Diana) ...

). On the island of Crete, he excavated Zakros and Psychro Cave. Hogarth was named director of the

British School at Athens The British School at Athens (BSA; ) is an institute for advanced research, one of the eight British International Research Institutes supported by the British Academy, that promotes the study of Greece in all its aspects. Under UK law it is a reg ...

in 1897 and occupied the position until 1900. He was the keeper of the

Ashmolean Museum The Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology () on Beaumont Street in Oxford, England, is Britain's first public museum. Its first building was erected in 1678–1683 to house the cabinet of curiosities that Elias Ashmole gave to the University ...

Oxford Oxford () is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town. The city is home to the University of Oxford, the List of oldest universities in continuou ...

from 1909 until his death in 1927. In 1915, during the First World War, Hogarth was commissioned with the temporary rank of lieutenant commander in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve and joined the Geographical Section of the Naval Intelligence Division. Professor Hogarth was appointed the acting director of the

, for a time during 1916 when Sir Mark Sykes went back to London. Kinahan Cornwallis was his deputy. Hogarth was close with T. E. Lawrence and worked with Lawrence to plan the Arab Revolt. Sykes befriended Hogarth, who had described the Indian Government as believing they had a moral imperative to the

British Raj The British Raj ( ; from Hindustani language, Hindustani , 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the colonial rule of the British The Crown, Crown on the Indian subcontinent, * * lasting from 1858 to 1947. * * It is also called Crown rule ...

as the best form of government and could not fail in their duty to impose it on a Province of Mesopotamia. The Arabists rejected this proposal vehemently; Sykes took Hogarth's research as evidence of the uniquely different situation in the Protectorate. The archaeologists knew it was clear that the Raj had no understanding of the different conditions, and that there needed to be a specific "Arab Policy" for what had become a frontier of empire. Hogarth returned to Oxford and the Ashmolean Museum in June 1919. From 1925 to 1927, he was President of the Royal Geographical Society.

Personal life

On 7 November 1894, Hogarth married Laura Violet Uppleby, daughter of George Charles Uppleby. His wife and mother shared a common great-great-grandfather, one John Uppleby of Wootton, Lincolnshire. Laura Violet was 26 at the time; David George, 32. They had one son, William David Hogarth (1901–1965). A granddaughter, Caroline Barron, is a historian of later medieval England. In 1926, Hogarth's health began rapidly deteriorating due to a heart condition, and he was granted leave from Oxford in October 1927. He died on 6 November 1927 at his home in Oxford ( 20 St Giles' Street). He was aged 65.

Honours

In 1896, Hogarth was elected a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (FRGS). In 1905, he was elected a

Fellow of the British Academy Fellowship of the British Academy (post-nominal letters FBA) is an award granted by the British Academy to leading academics for their distinction in the humanities and social sciences. The categories are: # Fellows – scholars resident in t ...

(FBA), the United Kingdom's

national academy A national academy is an organizational body, usually operating with state financial support and approval, that co-ordinates scholarly research activities and standards for academic disciplines, and serves as a public policy advisors, research ...

for the humanities and social sciences. In 1917, he was made a Commander of the Order of the Nile by the Sultan of Egypt, and awarded the Founder's Medal of the

Royal Geographical Society The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), often shortened to RGS, is a learned society and professional body for geography based in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1830 for the advancement of geographical scien ...

. In the 1918 New Year Honours, he was appointed a

Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George, Prince of Wales (the future King George IV), while he was acting as prince regent for his father, King George I ...

(CMG) for his efforts during the First World War. In 1919, he was awarded the Order of Nahda (Hejaz) 2nd class by Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of

Mecca Mecca, officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia; it is the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow valley above ...

Bibliography

By Hogarth

* Hogarth, D. G.; James, M. R.; Smith, R. Elsey; Gardner, E. A. (1888)
'Excavations in Cyprus, 1887-88. Paphos, Leontari, Amargetti
. ''The Journal of Hellenic Studies''. 9: 147–271. doi:10.2307/623675.

ISSN An International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) is an eight-digit to uniquely identify a periodical publication (periodical), such as a magazine. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title. ISSNs a ...

0075-4269. * * * * Grenfell, Bernard Pyne, Hunt, Arthur Surridge, and Hogarth, David George (1900)
''Fayûm Towns and Their Papyri''
London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner/Quaritch/Frowde. * * * ''The Archaic Artemisia of Ephesus'' (1908) * *
''The Ancient East''
(1914) * Hogarth, D. G. and Benson, E. F. (n.d.) ''Report on prospects of Research in Alexandria''. London: Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies, * * * ''Arabia'' (1922) (also as ''A History of Arabia'') * ''Kings of the Hittites'' (1926) ( Schweich Lectures for 1924) * ''The Life of Charles M. Doughty'' (1928)

With Hogarth as editor

* ''Authority and Archaeology – Sacred and Profane – Essays on the relation of monuments to Biblical and Classical Literature'' (1899 2nd Edition)

References

Bibliography

* İpek, Mübarek, Oryantalist David George Hogarth'ın Hayatı ve İngiliz İstihbarat Servisi İle İlişkisi (1862-1927), Mukaddime, 2023 * * * * *

External links

* *
Commemorative tablet of Hogarth set in the wall of
St. Peter's Church, Barton at '' Grimsby Evening Telegraph'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Hogarth, David George 1862 births 1927 deaths People from Barton-upon-Humber People educated at Winchester College Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford English archaeologists English curators Academics of the University of Oxford Victorian writers 19th-century English writers 20th-century English writers 19th-century British archaeologists 20th-century British archaeologists Directors of the British School at Athens Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War I Fellows of the British Academy Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society Presidents of the Royal Geographical Society Keepers and directors of the Ashmolean Museum Arab Bureau officers Explorers of West Asia Royal Navy officers Temple of Artemis Military personnel from Lincolnshire

Early life and education

Career

Personal life

Honours

See also

Bibliography

By Hogarth

With Hogarth as editor

References

Bibliography

External links