David Alfred Andrade (30 April 1859 – 23 May 1928) was an Australian

individualist Individualism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, and social outlook that emphasizes the intrinsic worth of the individual. Individualists promote realizing one's goals and desires, valuing independence and self-reliance, and a ...

and free market anarchist.

Biography

His parents were Abraham Da Costa Andrade and Maria Giles, both from

Middlesex, England Middlesex (; abbreviation: Middx) is a former county in South East England, now mainly within Greater London. Its boundaries largely followed three rivers: the Thames in the south, the Lea to the east and the Colne to the west. A line of hi ...

. His brother William Charles Andrade was an anarchist too. They were active in Joseph Symes's Australasian Secular Association. On 14 May 1886, David Andrade, his brother Will and half a dozen others formed the

Melbourne Anarchist Club Anarchism in Australia arrived within a few years of anarchism developing as a distinct tendency in the wake of the 1871 Paris Commune. Although a minor school of thought and politics, composed primarily of campaigners and intellectuals, Au ...

, the first anarchist organisation in Australia. Andrade became the club secretary and one of its main propagandists. The Melbourne Anarchist Club produced the journal ''

Honesty Honesty or truthfulness is a facet of moral character that connotes positive and virtue, virtuous attributes such as integrity, truthfulness, straightforwardness (including straightforwardness of conduct: Good faith, earnestness), along with the ...

'', an Australian organ of anarchism which had substantially the same principles as those championed by

Benjamin Tucker Benjamin Ricketson Tucker (; April 17, 1854 – June 22, 1939) was an American individualist anarchist and self-identified socialist. Tucker was the editor and publisher of the American individualist anarchist periodical ''Liberty'' (1881–19 ...

's ''

Liberty Liberty is the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behavior, or political views. The concept of liberty can vary depending on perspective and context. In the Constitutional ...

''. In a news agency at Brunswick, now an inner suburb of Melbourne, and later in Liberty Hall, Russell St. Melbourne the brothers operated the first

anarchist Anarchism is a political philosophy and Political movement, movement that seeks to abolish all institutions that perpetuate authority, coercion, or Social hierarchy, hierarchy, primarily targeting the state (polity), state and capitalism. A ...

book shops in Australia. Andrade was a

vegetarian Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the Eating, consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, insects as food, insects, and the flesh of any other animal). It may also include abstaining from eating all by-products of animal slau ...

and with his brother operated the first vegetarian restaurant in Melbourne. Andrade's main works include ''Money: A Study of the Currency Question'' (1887), ''Our Social System'' (n.d.), ''An Anarchist Plan of Campaign'' (1888), and ''The Melbourne Riots and how Harry Holdfast and his Friends Emancipated the Workers'' (1892). In the early 1890s, Andrade was the secretary of the Unemployed Workers Association. He became a settler with his family at Fern Tree Gully. However, bush fires destroyed everything around 1898. He was admitted to the

Yarra Bend Asylum Yarra Bend Asylum was the first permanent institution established in Victoria that was devoted to the treatment of the mentally ill. It opened in 1848 as a ward of the Asylum at Tarban Creek in New South Wales. It was not officially called Yarr ...

, with his wife and four children left without support. On 1 December 1903, he was admitted to the Ballarat Hospital for the Insane. According to hospital records, at the time he was "in good bodily health and suffered from delusional insanity." He became gradually weaker from old age in his final years, and died at the hospital on 23 May 1928. The cause of death was found to be senility and heart failure. He was buried on 25 May at

St Kilda Cemetery St Kilda Cemetery is located in the Melbourne suburb of St Kilda East, Victoria. History St Kilda Cemetery covers a large block bordered by Dandenong Road, Hotham Street, Alma Road and Alexandra Street. It is bounded by a historic wall and cont ...

Selected publications

*
''Essay on Truth''
(1880) *''Money: A Study of the Currency Question'' (1887) *''An Anarchist Plan of Campaign'' (1888)
''Our Social System''
(1890)
''The Melbourne Riots and How Harry Holdfast and his Friends Emancipated the Workers''
(1892)

Biography

See also

Selected publications

References

Further reading