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Piang Tan (; 1846–1933) a Maguindanaon- Chinese ruler, popularly known as Datu Piang, is often referred to as the ''Grand Old Man of
Cotabato Cotabato, formerly and still commonly referred to as North Cotabato and officially the Province of Cotabato, is a landlocked Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Soccsksargen Regions of the Philippines, regi ...
.'' He was one of the most powerful rulers in Maguindanao from the end of Spanish rule to the arrival of American forces in late 1899. Sometimes referred to as ''Amai Mingka'', he was recognized as the undisputed Moro leader in
Central Mindanao Soccsksargen (officially stylized in all caps; ), formerly known as Central Mindanao, is an administrative region of the Philippines, designated as Region XII. Located in south-central Mindanao, its name is an acronym that stands for the region's ...
when the
United States Army The United States Army (USA) is the primary Land warfare, land service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution.Article II, section 2, clause 1 of th ...
occupied and administered what was then referred to as "Moroland".


History


Minister of Lands in Buayan

Datu Piang was the appointed Minister of Lands by Datu Uto of the Sultanate of Buayan. However, according to oral tradition, many of Datu Uto's followers defected him for Piang, as Datu Uto refused to open his granaries to his people during a time of famine. This apparent blunder by Datu Uto helped Piang gain a large following in the Buayan mainland, which eventually culminated into his usurpation of power.


Coup d'etat and the end of Spanish rule

In January 1899, Datu Piang, accompanied by a thousand warriors betrayed Datu Uto and established his headquarters on the old Buayan capital, now renamed Dulawan, as well as capturing another Buayanen capital of Bacat, forcing Datu Uto to transfer back to Sapakan. On the 6th day of the same month, Piang overthrew the Spanish garrison in Cotabato and Tamontaka and granted himself the title of 'Sultan of Mindanao'. It was after this event that the Spaniards finalized their evacuation from the entirety of Mindanao except for Zamboanga and Jolo. This left Datu Uto frustrated as Datu Piang became a rival of Buayan.


American colonial period

American forces landed on Cotabato in December 1899. Piang greeted American rule and saw it as a means to maintain his power in the Cotabato region. However, in spite of this, the Moro resistance would be organized by Datu Ali of Buayan, but would be fully suppressed by American expeditionary forces in 1905. With Datu Ali gone, Piang has lost any potential local rival that could threaten his authority and would continue to collaborate with the American civil government.


Personal life

Born of a
Hokkien Hokkien ( , ) is a Varieties of Chinese, variety of the Southern Min group of Chinese language, Chinese languages. Native to and originating from the Minnan region in the southeastern part of Fujian in southeastern China, it is also referred ...
Sangley Sangley (English plural: ''Sangleys''; Spanish plural: ''Sangleyes'') and Mestizo de Sangley (Sangley mestizo, ''mestisong Sangley'', ''chino mestizo'' or Chinese mestizo) are archaic terms used in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial ...
Chinese merchant named Tuya Tan (陳名頓) from
Amoy Xiamen,), also known as Amoy ( ; from the Zhangzhou Hokkien pronunciation, zh, c=, s=, t=, p=, poj=Ē͘-mûi, historically romanized as Amoy, is a sub-provincial city in southeastern Fujian, People's Republic of China, beside the Taiwan Stra ...
, China and a Maguindanaon woman identified as "Tiko" (
Philippine Hokkien Philippine Hokkien is a dialect of the Hokkien language of the Southern Min branch of Min Chinese descended directly from Old Chinese of the Sinitic languages, Sinitic family, primarily spoken vernacularly by Chinese Filipinos in the Philippine ...
zh, t=, poj=ti-ko, l=Muslim, c=豬哥, s=, p=). He was a Chinese mestizo due to his Maguindanaon and
Hokkien Hokkien ( , ) is a Varieties of Chinese, variety of the Southern Min group of Chinese language, Chinese languages. Native to and originating from the Minnan region in the southeastern part of Fujian in southeastern China, it is also referred ...
Sangley Sangley (English plural: ''Sangleys''; Spanish plural: ''Sangleyes'') and Mestizo de Sangley (Sangley mestizo, ''mestisong Sangley'', ''chino mestizo'' or Chinese mestizo) are archaic terms used in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial ...
Chinese admixture. Datu Piang's son by his sixth wife, Polindao, was Datu Gumbay Piang, who led the Moro-Bolo Battalion to fight against the Japanese during their occupation of Mindanao in World War II.


See also

*
History of the Philippines (1898–1946) The history of the Philippines from 1898 to 1946 is known as the American colonial period, and began with the outbreak of the Spanish–American War in April 1898, when the Philippines was still a colony of the Spanish East Indies, and conclud ...
* United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands *
Insular Government of the Philippine Islands The Philippine Insular GovernmentThis form of the name appeared in the titles of US Supreme Court cases, but was otherwise rarely used. See s:Costas v. Government of the Philippine Islands/Opinion of the Court, Costas v. Government of the Phili ...


References

* University of California Press. "Muslim Rulers and Rebels," (Accessed on February 25, 2010
Muslim Rulers and Rebels
*"Datu Piang Book Reference," (Accessed on February 25, 2010

https://web.archive.org/web/20100123224414/http://members.fortunecity.com/gvtrompeta1/datu_piang_004.htm Datu Piang Book Reference. Keywords: history of datu piang, biography of datu piang, philippine history, philippine military history, filipino military history, philippine insurrection, spanish american war, philippine independence, bacon bill, mindanao history, maguindanao history, cotabato history, moro history, moros, philippine slavery] {{DEFAULTSORT:Piang 1840s births 1933 deaths Sultanate of Buayan People from the Spanish East Indies Members of the Philippine Legislature Filipino datus, rajas and sultans Filipino Muslims Filipino politicians of Chinese descent People from Cotabato City Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from the Department of Mindanao and Sulu