Choluria (or
bilirubinuria
In medicine, bilirubinuria is an abnormality in which conjugated bilirubin is detected in the urine.
The term "biliuria" is very similar, but more general. It refers to the presence of any bile pigment in the urine.
Conjugated bilirubin is dete ...
) is a symptom defining an abnormal darkness of the urine, mainly due to a high level of conjugated bilirubin.
"Choluria"
/ref>World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a list of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations which coordinates responses to international public health issues and emergencies. It is headquartered in Gen ...
(2022). " Bilirubinuria". ''International Classification of Diseases
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a globally used medical classification that is used in epidemiology, health management and clinical diagnosis. The ICD is maintained by the World Health Organization (WHO), which is the dir ...
, eleventh revision – ICD-11''. Genova â€
icd.who.int
hepatitis
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver parenchyma, liver tissue. Some people or animals with hepatitis have no symptoms, whereas others develop yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice), Anorexia (symptom), poor appetite ...
and cirrhosis
Cirrhosis, also known as liver cirrhosis or hepatic cirrhosis, chronic liver failure or chronic hepatic failure and end-stage liver disease, is a chronic condition of the liver in which the normal functioning tissue, or parenchyma, is replaced ...
. It can be described as dark or brown urine, often referred to as the color of Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola, or Coke, is a cola soft drink manufactured by the Coca-Cola Company. In 2013, Coke products were sold in over 200 countries and territories worldwide, with consumers drinking more than 1.8 billion company beverage servings ...
. The presence of choluria is a useful symptom to distinguish if somebody presenting with jaundice
Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a yellowish or, less frequently, greenish pigmentation of the skin and sclera due to high bilirubin levels. Jaundice in adults is typically a sign indicating the presence of underlying diseases involving ...
has liver disease (direct hyperbilirubinaemia) or haemolysis (indirect hyperbilirubinaemia). In the first case, patients have choluria due to excess conjugated ("direct") bilirubin
Bilirubin (BR) (adopted from German, originally bili—bile—plus ruber—red—from Latin) is a red-orange compound that occurs in the normcomponent of the straw-yellow color in urine. Another breakdown product, stercobilin, causes the brown ...
in blood, which is eliminated by the kidneys. Haemolysis, on the other hand, is characterized by unconjugated ("indirect") bilirubin, which is not water-soluble and is bound to albumin
Albumin is a family of globular proteins, the most common of which are the serum albumins. All of the proteins of the albumin family are water- soluble, moderately soluble in concentrated salt solutions, and experience heat denaturation. Alb ...
, and thus not eliminated in urine.
See also
* Acholia
Acholia is pale feces, due to lack of bile which results in the normal brown colour.Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. Saunders; 2007. It is a sign of reduced conjugated bilirubin into the bowel, as a result of a problem in the ...
References
External links
Urinary bladder disorders
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