The Danish Typographical Union ( da, Dansk Typograf-Forbund) was a

trade union A trade union (labor union in American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers intent on "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment", ch. I such as attaining better wages and benefits (s ...

representing

typographer Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable and appealing when displayed. The arrangement of type involves selecting typefaces, point sizes, line lengths, line-spacing (leading), and ...

s in

Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of Denmark , establishe ...

. The Typographical Association was founded in 1869, focusing its attention on discussions on the development of the trade, and establishing a library for members, in

Copenhagen Copenhagen ( or .; da, København ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a proper population of around 815.000 in the last quarter of 2022; and some 1.370,000 in the urban area; and the wider Copenhagen metropolitan ar ...

. In 1874, it launched a magazine, the ''Typograf-Tidende''. Frederik Klüglein argued that the union should also take up questions of pay and working conditions, but the union's leader, R. P. Jensen, was initially uninterested. In 1876, Jensen did lead a strike for improved pay but, without links to other labour movement organisations, the union was unable to sustain the action. The strike was lost, members of the union fell below 100, and Jensen resigned. In 1880, the Jutland Typographical Association was established, soon expanding to become the Danish Typographical Association, covering all the country except Copenhagen. It jointly adopted the Copenhagen union's magazine, but in 1885, a group of members defected to the Copenhagen union, which renamed itself as the "New Typographical Association", and the two unions broke off relations. Despite the split, the two unions gradually re-engaged, and in January 1903, they merged to form the "Danish Typographical Union". The new union joined the

Danish Confederation of Trade Unions LO, The Danish Confederation of Trade Unions ( Danish: ''LO, Landsorganisationen i Danmark'' or simply ''LO'') was founded in 1898 and was an umbrella organisation (the largest of the three national trade union centers in Denmark) for 18 Danis ...

(LO). It won improved working conditions and shorter working hours, and by 1940, it had grown to 4,500 members. By 1992, it had 8,345 members.{{cite book , last1=Ebbinghaus , first1=Bernhard , last2=Visser , first2=Jelle , title=Trade Unions in Western Europe Since 1945 , date=2000 , publisher=Palgrave Macmillan , location=Basingstoke , isbn=0333771125 , page=178 In 1962, the union formed the Graphic Workers' Cartel with the

Danish Bookbinders' and Stationers' Union The Danish Bookbinders' and Stationers' Union ( da, Dansk Bogbinder og Kartonnagearbejder Forbund) was a trade union representing bookbinders and workers involved in making stationery in Denmark. The union was founded in 1895 and it soon affiliated ...

, and the

Danish Lithographers' Union The Danish Lithographers' Union ( da, Dansk Litografisk Forbund) was a trade union representing printers in Denmark. The union was founded on 13 July 1895, as the Lithographers' Trade Association, by groups in Aarhus, Copenhagen and Odense. It wa ...

. However, this loose federation made no progress, and in 1965, the typographers resigned from the LO and the cartel. It rejoined LO in 1971, forming a new Graphics Cartel in 1972, but again this ran into disputes, and was dissolved in 1980. Finally, in 1990, the bookbinders, lithographers, typographers and the Media Federation formed a Graphic Industry and Media Cartel. In 1993, the four unions merged, to form the new

Graphics Federation The Graphics Federation ( da, Grafisk Forbund, GF) was a trade union representing workers in the graphics and printing industries in Denmark. For many years, the three main printing industry unions in Denmark, the Danish Bookbinders' and Stationer ...

References

Printing trade unions Trade unions in Denmark Trade unions established in 1903 Trade unions disestablished in 1993