Daniel Janzen
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Daniel Hunt Janzen (born January 18, 1939, in
Milwaukee Milwaukee is the List of cities in Wisconsin, most populous city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Located on the western shore of Lake Michigan, it is the List of United States cities by population, 31st-most populous city in the United States ...
,
Wisconsin Wisconsin ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest of the United States. It borders Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michig ...
) is an American evolutionary ecologist and conservationist. He divides his time between his professorship in
biology Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms. It is a broad natural science that encompasses a wide range of fields and unifying principles that explain the structure, function, growth, History of life, origin, evolution, and ...
at the
University of Pennsylvania The University of Pennsylvania (Penn or UPenn) is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. One of nine colonial colleges, it was chartered in 1755 through the efforts of f ...
, where he is the DiMaura Professor of Conservation Biology, and his research and field work in
Costa Rica Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in Central America. It borders Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, as well as Maritime bo ...
. Janzen and his wife Winifred Hallwachs have catalogued the biodiversity of Costa Rica. Through a
DNA barcoding DNA barcoding is a method of species identification using a short section of DNA from a specific gene or genes. The premise of DNA barcoding is that by comparison with a reference library of such DNA sections (also called " sequences"), an indiv ...
initiative, Janzen and geneticist Paul Hebert have registered over 500,000 specimens representing more than 45,000 species, which has led to the identification of
cryptic species In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...
of near-identical appearance that differ in terms of genetics and ecological niche. Janzen and Hallwachs developed some of the most influential hypotheses in ecology that continue to influence research more than 50 years later. Janzen and Hallwachs helped to establish the Area de Conservación Guanacaste World Heritage Site, one of the oldest, largest and most successful
habitat restoration Ecological restoration, or ecosystem restoration, is the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, destroyed or transformed. It is distinct from conservation in that it attempts to retroactively repair ...
projects in the world.


Early life and education

Daniel Hunt Janzen was born January 18, 1939, in
Milwaukee Milwaukee is the List of cities in Wisconsin, most populous city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Located on the western shore of Lake Michigan, it is the List of United States cities by population, 31st-most populous city in the United States ...
,
Wisconsin Wisconsin ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest of the United States. It borders Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michig ...
. His father, Daniel Hugo Janzen, grew up in a
Mennonite Mennonites are a group of Anabaptism, Anabaptist Christianity, Christian communities tracing their roots to the epoch of the Radical Reformation. The name ''Mennonites'' is derived from the cleric Menno Simons (1496–1561) of Friesland, part of ...
farming community and served as Director of the
United States Fish and Wildlife Service The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS or FWS) is a List of federal agencies in the United States, U.S. federal government agency within the United States Department of the Interior which oversees the management of fish, wildlife, ...
. His father and mother, Miss Floyd Clark Foster of
Greenville, South Carolina Greenville ( ; ) is a city in Greenville County, South Carolina, United States, and its county seat. With a population of 70,720 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the List of municipalities in South Carolina, sixth-most pop ...
, were married on April 29, 1937. Janzen obtained his B.Sc. degree in biology from the
University of Minnesota The University of Minnesota Twin Cities (historically known as University of Minnesota) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint ...
in 1961, and his Ph.D. from the
University of California, Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California), is a Public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Berkeley, California, United States. Founded in 1868 and named after t ...
in 1965.


Career

In 1963, Janzen attended a two-month course in tropical biology taught in several field sites throughout
Costa Rica Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in Central America. It borders Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, as well as Maritime bo ...
. This Advanced Science Seminar in Tropical Biology was the precursor to a Fundamentals in Tropical Biology course, which Janzen designed for the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS), a consortium of several North American and Costa Rican universities. Janzen went back in 1965 as an instructor and has lectured in at least one of the three yearly courses every year since. Janzen taught at the
University of Kansas The University of Kansas (KU) is a public research university with its main campus in Lawrence, Kansas, United States. Two branch campuses are in the Kansas City metropolitan area on the Kansas side: the university's medical school and hospital ...
(1965–1968), the
University of Chicago The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, or UChi) is a Private university, private research university in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Its main campus is in the Hyde Park, Chicago, Hyde Park neighborhood on Chicago's South Side, Chic ...
(1969–1972), and the
University of Michigan The University of Michigan (U-M, U of M, or Michigan) is a public university, public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1817, it is the oldest institution of higher education in the state. The University of Mi ...
(1972–1976) before joining the faculty at the
University of Pennsylvania The University of Pennsylvania (Penn or UPenn) is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. One of nine colonial colleges, it was chartered in 1755 through the efforts of f ...
. There he is the DiMaura Professor of Conservation Biology, and his research and field work in
Costa Rica Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in Central America. It borders Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, as well as Maritime bo ...
. Janzen has also held teaching positions in
Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com ...
(
Universidad de Oriente The University of Oriente (UDO), founded in 1958, is one of the main national universities in Venezuela and the main autonomous university institution dedicated to teaching, research and development in Eastern Venezuela. With the commitment to t ...
,
Cumaná Cumaná () is the capital city of Venezuela's Sucre State. It is located east of Caracas. Cumaná was one of the first cities founded by Spain in the mainland Americas and is the oldest continuously-inhabited Hispanic-established city in Sout ...
in 1965–66; Universidad de los Los Andes, Mérida in 1973), and in
Puerto Rico ; abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a Government of Puerto Rico, self-governing Caribbean Geography of Puerto Rico, archipelago and island organized as an Territories of the United States, unincorporated territo ...
( Universidad de Puerto Rico,
Río Piedras Rio or Río is the Portuguese and Spanish word for "river". The word also exists in Italian, but is largely obsolete and used in a poetical or literary context to mean "stream". Rio, RIO or Río may also refer to: Places United States * Rio, Flo ...
, 1969).


Área del Conservación de Guanacaste (ACG)

The Área de Conservación de Guanacaste (ACG) is a prominent conservation area in northwestern Costa Rica, encompassing over 163,000 hectares of diverse ecosystems, including tropical dry forests, rainforests, and marine areas. Established in the 1990s, the ACG unifies several national parks, such as Santa Rosa, Guanacaste, Rincón de la Vieja, and Junquillal Bay, into a single administrative entity. This integration aims to protect and restore the region's unique biodiversity and facilitate natural ecosystem regeneration. The ACG is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, highlighting its global ecological significance and Costa Rica's commitment to environmental conservation. Dr. Daniel Janzen, recognizing the necessity for a cohesive conservation strategy in Guanacaste, along with his wife, biologist Dr. Winnie Hallwachs, championed the establishment of a contiguous conservation area to facilitate natural ecosystem regeneration. Their comprehensive strategy encompassed several key initiatives: * Restoring Tropical Dry Forests: Acquiring degraded pastures and enabling the recovery of natural vegetation. * Integrating Local Communities: Training local residents to serve as park guards, educators, and conservation advocates. * Fundraising for Land Purchases: Securing donations and forming partnerships with international organizations to purchase private lands and integrate them into the protected area.


Research

Janzen's early work focused on the careful and meticulous documentation of species in Costa Rica, and in particular on ecological processes and the dynamics and evolution of animal-plant interactions. In 1967, for example he described the phenological specialization of bee-pollinated species of Bignoniaceae, amongst them a "kind of mass flowering", which Alwyn Howard Gentry in his classification of flowering named Type 4 or "big bang" strategy. Janzen proposed many hypotheses that inspired decades of work by tropical and temperate ecologists (see below).
Miguel Altieri Miguel Altieri is a Chilean born agronomist and entomologist. He is a Professor of Agroecology at the University of California, Berkeley in the Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management. Career Miguel Altieri studied agronomy a ...
in his textbook ''Agroecology: The Science of Sustainable Agriculture'' says: "Janzen's 1973 article on tropical agroecosystems was the first widely read evaluation of why tropical agricultural systems might function differently from those of the temperate zones". In 1985, realizing that the area in which they worked was threatened, Janzen and Hallwachs expanded the focus of their work to include tropical forest restoration, expansion (through land purchases) and conservation. They employed the help of local Costa Ricans, converting their farming skills into parataxonomy, a term they coined in the late 1980s.Kazmier, Robin (June 15, 2017).
The Parataxonomist Revolution: How a Group of Rural Costa Ricans Discovered 10,000 New Species
. ''Comparative Media Studies: Science Writing''.
As of 2017, some 10,000 new species in the Area de Conservacion Guanacaste have been identified thanks to the efforts of parataxonomists. Through a
DNA barcoding DNA barcoding is a method of species identification using a short section of DNA from a specific gene or genes. The premise of DNA barcoding is that by comparison with a reference library of such DNA sections (also called " sequences"), an indiv ...
initiative with
geneticist A geneticist is a biologist or physician who studies genetics, the science of genes, heredity, and variation of organisms. A geneticist can be employed as a scientist or a lecturer. Geneticists may perform general research on genetic process ...
Paul Hebert, they have registered over 500,000 specimens representing more than 45,000 species, which has led to the identification of
cryptic species In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...
of near-identical appearance that differ in terms of genetics and ecological niche. Janzen and Hallwachs have supported species barcoding initiatives at both national and international levels through the Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), CBOL (
Consortium for the Barcode of Life The Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) was an international initiative dedicated to supporting the development of DNA barcoding as a global standard for species identification. CBOL's Secretariat Office is hosted by the National Museum of ...
) and iBOL ( International Barcode of Life).


Influential hypotheses

Janzen is known for proposing "characteristically imaginative and unorthodox" hypotheses. These hypotheses have received varying degrees of support, but are notable for having inspired a large and sustained body of research, as evidenced by the extremely high citation rates of many of his papers for decades after they are published. One of Janzen's most famous ideas (from his most highly cited paper) is now known as the Janzen-Connell hypothesis, as Janzen and Joseph Connell independently proposed the idea in 1970-1971. They both suggested that the high diversity of tropical trees was due, in part, to specialist enemies attacking seeds or seedlings that were particularly close to the parent tree or particularly densely clustered, thus preventing any one species from becoming dominant. Another influential idea comes from Janzen's 1967 paper 'Why mountain passes are higher in the tropics'. It proposes that tropical mountains are more of a barrier to species dispersal than temperate mountains because tropical species are less able to tolerate changes in temperature with elevation, having evolved and lived in relatively stable climates. In a 1977 paper 'Why fruits rot, seeds mould, and meat spoils', Janzen proposed that microbes render food inedible (or at least distasteful) to vertebrates not just as a by product of microbe-microbe competition or accidental waste products, but as an evolutionary strategy to repel vertebrates consumers, who would otherwise eat the food resource and the microbes themselves. Evidence is mixed, and it is hard to test whether compounds evolved to deter other microbes or vertebrates, but the idea has been widely incorporated into studies of vertebrate feeding from humans to dinosaurs.


Coevolution of plants and animals

*
Coevolution In biology, coevolution occurs when two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution through the process of natural selection. The term sometimes is used for two traits in the same species affecting each other's evolution, as well a ...
of a mutualistic system in New World tropics between species of ''
Acacia ''Acacia'', commonly known as wattles or acacias, is a genus of about of shrubs and trees in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the pea family Fabaceae. Initially, it comprised a group of plant species native to Africa, South America, and Austral ...
'' (
Mimosoideae The Mimosoideae are a traditional subfamily of trees, herbs, lianas, and shrubs in the pea family (Fabaceae) that mostly grow in tropical and subtropical climates. They are typically characterized by having radially symmetric flowers, with petal ...
;
Leguminosae Fabaceae () or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomen ...
), v. gr., ''
Acacia cornigera ''Vachellia cornigera'', commonly known as bullhorn acacia (family (biology), family Fabaceae), is a swollen-thorn tree and myrmecophyte native to Mexico and Central America. The common name of "bullhorn" refers to the enlarged, hollowed-out, swo ...
'', and the ant ''
Pseudomyrmex ferruginea The acacia ant (''Pseudomyrmex ferruginea'') is a species of ant of the genus ''Pseudomyrmex''. These arboreal, wasp-like ants have an orange-brown body around 3 mm in length and very large eyes. The acacia ant is best known and named for ...
'' ( Formicidae). ''Acacia'' spp in the Neotropics are protected by ants against defoliation; for this, the ants are rewarded by means of special organs and physiology that ''Acacia'' has evolved. * ''
Spondias mombin ''Spondias mombin'', also known as yellow mombin, hog plum, amra or cajazeira, is a species of tree and flowering plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is native to the tropical Americas, including the West Indies. The tree was introduced by the ...
'' (
Anacardiaceae The Anacardiaceae, commonly known as the cashew family or sumac family, are a family of flowering plants, including about 83 genera with about 860 known species. Members of the Anacardiaceae bear fruits that are drupes and in some cases produce ...
) lost its megafauna seed dispersers in the
Pleistocene The Pleistocene ( ; referred to colloquially as the ''ice age, Ice Age'') is the geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was fin ...
. Between fire in open pastures and
seed predation Seed predation, often referred to as granivory, is a type of plant-animal interaction in which granivores (seed predators) feed on the seeds of plants as a main or exclusive food source,Hulme, P.E. and Benkman, C.W. (2002) "Granivory", pp. 13 ...
by bruchid beetles in closed-canopy forest, ''S. mombin'' does not stand a chance. But, today, in Guanacaste, seeds are dispersed by
White-tailed deer The white-tailed deer (''Odocoileus virginianus''), also known Common name, commonly as the whitetail and the Virginia deer, is a medium-sized species of deer native to North America, North, Central America, Central and South America. It is the ...
(''Odocoileus virginianus'') and some 15 other mammals, that feed mostly in forest edges, where bruchids are less likely to find the seeds and fires are not so frequent.


Tropical habitat restoration

Tropical dry forests are the world's most threatened forest ecosystems. In middle America there were 550 000 km2 of dry forests at the beginning of the 16th century; today, less than 0.08% (440 km2 ) remains. They have been cleared, burnt and replaced by pastures for cattle raising, at an ever-faster rate during the last 500 years. In 1985, realizing that widespread development in northwestern Costa Rica was rapidly decimating the forest in which they conducted their research, Janzen and Hallwachs expanded the focus of their work. Janzen and his wife helped to establish the Area de Conservación Guanacaste World Heritage Site (ACG), one of the oldest, largest and most successful
habitat restoration Ecological restoration, or ecosystem restoration, is the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, destroyed or transformed. It is distinct from conservation in that it attempts to retroactively repair ...
projects in the world. They began with the Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, which included of pasture and relictual neotropical dry forest and of marine habitat. This eventually became the Área de Conservación Guanacaste, located just south of the Costa Rica-
Nicaragua Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest Sovereign state, country in Central America, comprising . With a population of 7,142,529 as of 2024, it is the third-most populous country in Central America aft ...
border, between the Pacific Ocean and the Cordillera de Tilaran which integrated four different national parks. Together these house at least 15 different
biotope A biotope is an area of uniform environmental conditions providing a living place for a specific assemblage of flora (plants), plants and fauna (animals), animals. ''Biotope'' is almost synonymous with the term habitat (ecology), "habitat", which ...
s, viz (
mangroves A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows mainly in coastal saline or brackish water. Mangroves grow in an equatorial climate, typically along coastlines and tidal rivers. They have particular adaptations to take in extra oxygen and remove sal ...
, dry forest and shrubs, ephemeral, rainy season, and permanent streams,
fresh water Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salt (chemistry), salts and other total dissolved solids. The term excludes seawater and brackish water, but it does include ...
and littoral swamps, evergreen rain- and
cloud forests A cloud forest, also called a water forest, primas forest, or tropical montane cloud forest, is a generally tropical or subtropical, evergreen, montane, moist forest characterized by a persistent, frequent or seasonal low-level cloud cover, ...
...) and ca. 4% from world's plant, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes and insects diversity, all within an area less than . It is one of the oldest, largest and most successful
habitat restoration Ecological restoration, or ecosystem restoration, is the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, destroyed or transformed. It is distinct from conservation in that it attempts to retroactively repair ...
projects in the world. As of 2019, it consists of . The park exemplifies their beliefs about how a park should be run. It is known as a center of biological research,
forest restoration Forest restoration is defined as "actions to re-instate ecological processes, which accelerate recovery of forest structure, ecological functioning and biodiversity levels towards those typical of climax forest", i.e. the end-stage of natural ...
and community outreach. Habitat restoration is not a simple matter. Not only must one fight against hundreds of years of ecological degradation, manifested in the form of altered drainage patterns, hard to eradicate pastures, compacted soils, exhausted seed banks, diminished adult and
propagule In biology, a propagule is any material that functions in propagating an organism to the next stage in its life cycle, such as by dispersal. The propagule is usually distinct in form from the parent organism. Propagules are produced by organisms ...
stocks, proliferation of fire-resistant and unpalatable weeds from the old world tropics and sub-tropics. Also one is faced with the difficulties of changing a culture which coevolved with, profited from and can become miserable with such a system. For this reason ACG was conceived as a cultural restoration project, which, to paraphrase its natural counterpart, ought to be grown as well. ACG integrates complementary processes of experimentation,
habitat restoration Ecological restoration, or ecosystem restoration, is the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, destroyed or transformed. It is distinct from conservation in that it attempts to retroactively repair ...
and cultural development. The techniques used include: * Active restoration, artificial dispersal of propagules from plant species native to the Guanacaste habitats * Passive restoration by means of fire, anti-poaching and herbivore control * Ecological education and sensibilisation


Personal life

Janzen is married to ecologist Winifred Hallwachs, who is also his frequent research partner. Of Hallwachs, Janzen has said, "We did these things together," and "we are very much together in perceiving things the same things....Since I'm the vocal member, it's then attributed to me. But I would say these ideas and directions and thoughts and actions are easily fifty-fifty attributable."


Honorary distinctions

Janzen has been subject to recognition many times in the US, as well as in Europe and Latin America; the monetary endowments of these prizes have been invested in the trust fund of the ACG or another of his conservation's projects in Costa Rica. Prizes and distinctions garnered by Janzen include: * 1975, The Henry Allan Gleason Award, Botanical Society of America * 1984,
Crafoord Prize The Crafoord Prize () is an annual science prize established in 1980 by Holger Crafoord, a Swedish industrialist, and his wife Anna-Greta Crafoord following a donation to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is awarded jointly by the Acade ...
: Coevolutionary ecology.
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences () is one of the Swedish Royal Academies, royal academies of Sweden. Founded on 2 June 1739, it is an independent, non-governmental scientific organization that takes special responsibility for promoting nat ...
* 1985, Distinguished Teaching Award,
University of Pennsylvania The University of Pennsylvania (Penn or UPenn) is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. One of nine colonial colleges, it was chartered in 1755 through the efforts of f ...
* 1987, The Berkeley Citation for Distinguished Achievement and Notable Service to the University,
University of California, Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California), is a Public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Berkeley, California, United States. Founded in 1868 and named after t ...
* 1987, Hijo Ilustre de Guanacaste (awarded by the Governor of
Guanacaste province Guanacaste () is a Provinces of Costa Rica, province of Costa Rica located in the northwestern region of the country, along the coast of the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Alajuela Province to the east, and Puntarenas Pro ...
) * 1987,
Global 500 Roll of Honour The Global 500 Roll of Honour was an award given from 1987 to 2003 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The award recognized the environmental achievements of individuals and organizations around the world. A successor system of UNE ...
,
UNEP The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is responsible for coordinating responses to environmental issues within the United Nations system. It was established by Maurice Strong, its first director, after the Declaration of the United Nati ...
* 1989,
MacArthur Fellowship The MacArthur Fellows Program, also known as the MacArthur Fellowship and colloquially called the "Genius Grant", is a prize awarded annually by the MacArthur Foundation, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation to typically between 20 and ...
* 1989,
Leidy Award The Leidy Award is a medal and prize presented by the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University (formerly the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. It was named after US palaeontologist Joseph Leidy. ...
, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences * 1991, Founder's Council Award of Merit,
Field Museum of Natural History The Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH), also known as The Field Museum, is a natural history museum in Chicago, Illinois, and is one of the largest such museums in the world. The museum is popular for the size and quality of its educationa ...
* 1992, Member,
National Academy of Sciences The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, NGO, non-governmental organization. NAS is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, along with the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the ...
, USA * 1993, Award for Improvement of Costa Rican Quality of Life,
Universidad de Costa Rica The University of Costa Rica (Spanish: ''Universidad de Costa Rica,'' abbreviated UCR) is a public university in the Republic of Costa Rica, in Central America. Its main campus, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, is located in San Pedro, Co ...
(co award with W. Hallwachs). * 1994, Silver Medal Award, International Society of Chemical Ecology. * 1995, Global Service Award, Society for Conservation Biology * 1996, Honorary Doctor of Science,
University of Minnesota The University of Minnesota Twin Cities (historically known as University of Minnesota) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint ...
. * 1996, Thomas G. and Louise E. DiMaura Endowed Term Chair, University of Pennsylvania * 1997,
Kyoto Prize The is Japan's highest private award for lifetime achievement in the arts and sciences. It is given not only to those that are top representatives of their own respective fields, but to "those who have contributed significantly to the scientific, ...
(Basic Sciences Field), Inamori Foundation * 2002,
Albert Einstein World Award of Science The Albert Einstein World Award for Science is an annual award given by the World Cultural Council "as a means of recognition and encouragement for scientific and technological research and development", with special consideration for researche ...

Consejo Cultural Mundial
(
Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...
) * 2002, Honorary Fellow of the Association for Tropical Biology (and Conservation) (ATBC) * 2006, Winner, National Outdoor Book Awards (NOBA), for ''100 Caterpillars: Portraits from the Tropical Forests of Costa Rica'' (2006), Design & Artistic Merit Category. * 2011,
BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award The BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Awards () are an international award programme recognizing significant contributions in the areas of scientific research and cultural creation. The categories that make up the Frontiers of Knowledge Awards ...
of Ecology and Conservation Biology for his pioneering work in tropical ecology and his contributions to the conservation of endangered tropical ecosystems throughout the world, drawing on an understanding of plant-animal interactions. Janzen acknowledged the role of his wife and long-term research partner, ecologist Winnie Hallwachs, to the work being recognized. * 2013, Wege Foundation $5 million grant to the Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund (GDFCF), founded in 1997 by Dan Janzen and Winnie Hallwachs. * 2014,
Blue Planet Prize The Blue Planet Prize recognises outstanding efforts in scientific research or applications of science that contribute to solving global environmental problems. The prize was created by the Asahi Glass Foundation in 1992, the year of the Rio Ear ...
, from the Asahi Glass Foundation


See also

*
Ecological fitting Ecological fitting is "the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the ...
* Janzen–Connell hypothesis


Publications

The following is a selection of Janzen's publications that are not otherwise listed. * * * * *


References


External links


''Costa Rica : Paradise Reclaimed''
Profile of Dan Janzen in ''Nature'',
MacArthur Foundation The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation is a private foundation that makes grants and impact investments to support non-profit organizations in approximately 117 countries around the world. It has an endowment of $7.6 billion and ...
, WNET (Television station : New York, N.Y., 1987)
Faculty page at University of Pennsylvania
{{DEFAULTSORT:Janzen, Daniel 1939 births Living people Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates American ecologists American Mennonites Kyoto laureates in Basic Sciences MacArthur Fellows Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences United States Fish and Wildlife Service personnel University of Minnesota College of Biological Sciences alumni University of Pennsylvania faculty University of Pennsylvania Department of Biology faculty University of Michigan faculty 21st-century American biologists