David Emanuel Daniel (Taneli) Europaeus (1820–1884) was a Finnish

linguist Linguistics is the scientific study of language. The areas of linguistic analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning), Morphology (linguistics), morphology (structure of words), phonetics (speech sounds ...

and

folklore Folklore is the body of expressive culture shared by a particular group of people, culture or subculture. This includes oral traditions such as Narrative, tales, myths, legends, proverbs, Poetry, poems, jokes, and other oral traditions. This also ...

collector. He was born to Pietari Aadolf Europaeus and Sofia Peijo. During the period 1845–54, he made several trips to Finnish and Russian

Karelia Karelia (; Karelian language, Karelian and ; , historically Коре́ла, ''Korela'' []; ) is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Russia (including the Soviet Union, Soviet era), Finland, and Sweden. It is currentl ...

. Of his large and valuable collections,

Elias Lönnrot Elias Lönnrot (; 9 April 1802 – 19 March 1884) was a Finnish polymath, physician, philosopher, poet, musician, linguist, journalist, philologist and collector of traditional Finnish language, Finnish Oral literature, oral poetry. He is best k ...

received, among other things, the entire

Kullervo Kullervo () is an ill-fated character in the ''Kalevala'', the Finnish national epic compiled by Elias Lönnrot. Growing up in the aftermath of the massacre of his entire tribe, he comes to realise that the same people who had brought him up, ...

section for the expanded second edition of the

Kalevala The ''Kalevala'' () is a 19th-century compilation of epic poetry, compiled by Elias Lönnrot from Karelian and Finnish oral folklore and mythology, telling a story about the Creation of the Earth, describing the controversies and retaliatory ...

in 1849. Europaeus also collected

Sámi Acronyms * SAMI, ''Synchronized Accessible Media Interchange'', a closed-captioning format developed by Microsoft * Saudi Arabian Military Industries, a government-owned defence company * South African Malaria Initiative, a virtual expertise ...

traditions. As a linguist, he was primarily interested in the early history of the

Finnish language Finnish (endonym: or ) is a Finnic languages, Finnic language of the Uralic languages, Uralic language family, spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside of Finland. Finnish is one of the two official langu ...

and the

Finnish people Finns or Finnish people (, ) are a Baltic Finns, Baltic Finnic ethnic group native to Finland. Finns are traditionally divided into smaller regional groups that span several countries adjacent to Finland, both those who are native to these cou ...

. He is considered the founder of

onomastics Onomastics (or onomatology in older texts) is the study of proper names, including their etymology, history, and use. An ''alethonym'' ('true name') or an ''orthonym'' ('real name') is the proper name of the object in question, the object of onom ...

in Finland. Europaeus was enrolled at the Imperial Alexander University, now the

University of Helsinki The University of Helsinki (, ; UH) is a public university in Helsinki, Finland. The university was founded in Turku in 1640 as the Royal Academy of Åbo under the Swedish Empire, and moved to Helsinki in 1828 under the sponsorship of Alexander ...

, for 12 years but did not graduate. He published a Swedish-Finnish dictionary (1852-53) and ''Suomalaisten puustavein äännöskuvat'' (1857). Europaeus was also involved in founding the newspaper "Suometar" in 1846 and served as its editor from 1847 to 1850. Europaeus conducted research trips to

Scandinavia Scandinavia is a subregion#Europe, subregion of northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples. ''Scandinavia'' most commonly refers to Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. It can sometimes also ...

and

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

between 1855 and 1856, and to regions such as Kola Lapland, Novgorod, Tver Karelia, and Aunus. His significant works include ''Komparativ framställning af de finsk-ungerska språkens räkneord, till bevis för ungrarnes stamförvandskap med finnarne, och den indogermaniska folkstammens urförvandtskap med den finsk-ungerska'' (1853) and ''Vorläufiger Entwurff über den Urstamm der indo-europäischen Sprachfamilie'' (1863).

Works

* ''Komparativ framställning af de finsk-ungerska språkens räkneord, till bevis för ungrarnes stamförvandskap med finnarne, och den indogermaniska folkstammens urförvandtskap med den finsk-ungerska'' (1853) * ''Suomalaisten puustavein äännöskuvat ylös-ajatellunna D.E.D. Europaeus'' (1857) * ''Kirjoituksia Suomen kansan tärkeimmistä asioista suurimmaksi osaksi syrjä-sensuureita paenneita'' (1862) * ''Vorläufiger Entwurff über den Urstamm der indo-europäischen Sprachfamilie'' (1863) * ''M.A. Castrén, försvarad för missförstånd från ett och för otillbörliga tillvitelser från annat håll'' (1871) * ''Ett fornfolk med långskallig afrikansk hufvudskålstyp i Norden, bestämdt till språk och nationalitet, jemte finsk-ungerska omdömen'' (1873) * ''D.E.D. Europaeuksen kirjeitä ja matkakertomuksia'' (1903) * ''D.E.D. Europaeus'' (1988) * Svenskt-finskt handlexikon (1852-1853)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Europaeus, Daniel Scholars from the Russian Empire Linguists from Finland Finnish lexicographers People from Savitaipale Burials at Hietaniemi Cemetery 1820 births 1884 deaths 19th-century Finnish writers 19th-century linguists Finnish folklorists University of Helsinki alumni Swedish-speaking Finns