Daniel Anguiano Mangado (1882–1963) was a Spanish trade unionist and politician. As member of the

Spanish Socialist Workers' Party The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party ( , PSOE ) is a Social democracy, social democratic Updated as required.The PSOE is described as a social-democratic party by numerous sources: * * * * List of political parties in Spain, political party ...

(PSOE) and the

Unión General de Trabajadores The Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT, General Union of Workers) is a major Spanish trade union, historically affiliated with the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). History The UGT was founded 12 August 1888 by Pablo Iglesias Posse i ...

(UGT), he assumed a leading role in the 1917 general strike. An endorser of the PSOE's adhesion to the Third International, he left the party to form the Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) in 1921.

Biography

Born on 11 December 1882 in Haro (province of Logroño), he left the province as a child. Installed in

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after a time in Santander and Catarroja due to the vicissitudes of his father's job as railway worker, Anguiano—previously a member of the Federal Republican Party— became a member of the

(PSOE) in 1905 or 1908. A member of the

(UGT) since 1907, he replaced at the helm of the UGT's railway union in 1914. Anguiano was elected as Madrid municipal councillor in representation of the district of Hospital at the . Anguiano promoted an initiative passed at the 12th UGT Congress in May 1916 intending to promote a campaign based on demonstrations and protests to force the Government of Spain to pass legislation in order to mitigate the social-economical crisis. The same congress agreed on the opening of negotiations with the rival and anarchist

Confederación Nacional del Trabajo The (CNT; ) is a Spanish anarcho-syndicalist national trade union center, trade union confederation. Founded in 1910 in Barcelona from groups brought together by the trade union ''Solidaridad Obrera (historical union), Solidaridad Obrera'', ...

(CNT). points out that despite being admired because of his character, Anguiano enjoyed little oratorical skills. He was initiated as

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in August 1917. Trade unionists in the penitentiary of Cartagena

As representative of the UGT, Anguiano formed along fellow Socialists

Francisco Largo Caballero Francisco Largo Caballero (15 October 1869 – 23 March 1946) was a Spanish politician and trade unionist who served as the prime minister of the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War. He was one of the historic leaders of the ...

(UGT) and Julián Besteiro and Andrés Saborit (PSOE representatives) the managing committee of the . Captured along the rest of the managing committee, he was trialed in drumhead court-martial on charges of military sedition and generic rebellion with the prosecutor asking for

life imprisonment Life imprisonment is any sentence (law), sentence of imprisonment under which the convicted individual is to remain incarcerated for the rest of their natural life (or until pardoned or commuted to a fixed term). Crimes that result in life impr ...

and permanent disqualification. He was declared guilty of the charges in 4 October, and transferred to the Cartagena Prison on 20 October 1917. While still imprisoned, he earned a seat to the

Congress of Deputies The Congress of Deputies () is the lower house of the , Spain's legislative branch, the upper house being the Senate of Spain, Senate. The Congress meets in the Palacio de las Cortes, Madrid, Palace of the Parliament () in Madrid. Congress has ...

at the February 1918 general election in representation of the Valencia constituency, running under the banner of the ''Alianza de las Izquierdas'' platform. was the other member of the platform elected in the constituency. He had previously rejected the

pardon A pardon is a government decision to allow a person to be relieved of some or all of the legal consequences resulting from a criminal conviction. A pardon may be granted before or after conviction for the crime, depending on the laws of the j ...

, but took possession of his seat thanks to the May 1918 amnesty. Durante his travel to the conference of the Second International celebrated in

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in 1920, he was surprised by the Dutch police in possession of a letter asking the

Comintern The Communist International, abbreviated as Comintern and also known as the Third International, was a political international which existed from 1919 to 1943 and advocated world communism. Emerging from the collapse of the Second Internatio ...

for funding to deliver propaganda of the Third International in Spain, and was subsequently arrested. He took part along Fernando de los Ríos of the entourage sent to Russia by the PSOE in 1920 to assess the prospect of the party's adhesion to the Communist International, meeting

Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov ( 187021 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He was the first head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 until Death and state funeral of ...

. In his ensuing briefing Anguiano delivered a rather positive report, bar some reservation (in contrast to the starkly negative report by de los Ríos), on the state of affairs of Soviet Russia. Anguiano therefore defended the joining of the PSOE to the Third International at the PSOE Extraordinary Congress in 1921. After the rejection of the majority of the party membership to accept the Twenty-one Conditions and join the Communist International, Anguiano led a split of the party, the Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE), soon merged with another ''tercerista'' split, the Spanish Communist Party, to form the

Communist Party of Spain The Communist Party of Spain (; PCE) is a communist party that, since 1986, has been part of the United Left coalition, which is currently part of Sumar. Two of its politicians are Spanish government ministers: Yolanda Díaz (Minister of L ...

(PCE) in November 1921. Anguiano soon left the PCE's managing board. He was preemptively jailed again from November 1928 to March 1929, accused of the charge of "conspiration for rebellion", after a plot prepared by September 1928 against the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera. He was probed after Vicente Costales paid the 10,000 pesetas the bail was set at. After his second spell in jail, he returned to the UGT and the PSOE, and worked for Radio Ibérica and CAMPSA. An exile from the Francoist regime, Anguiano successively lived in

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and

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, dying in

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on 12 August 1963.

References

;Informational notes ;Citations ;Bibliography * * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Anguiano, Daniel Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Spanish Restoration Madrid city councillors Unión General de Trabajadores members Spanish Freemasons Spanish Socialist Workers' Party politicians Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in the Dominican Republic Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in Cuba Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in Mexico Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in France Spanish politicians convicted of crimes Communist Party of Spain politicians Spanish political party founders 1882 births 1963 deaths