Dancehall Pop
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Dancehall pop is a sub-genre of the
Jamaica Jamaica is an island country in the Caribbean Sea and the West Indies. At , it is the third-largest island—after Cuba and Hispaniola—of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean. Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, west of Hispaniola (the is ...
n genre
dancehall Dancehall is a genre of Jamaican popular music that originated in the late 1970s. Initially, dancehall was a more sparse version of reggae than the roots reggae, roots style, which had dominated much of the 1970s.Barrow, Steve & Dalton, Peter (2 ...
that originated in the early 2000s. Developing from the sounds of
reggae Reggae () is a music genre that originated in Jamaica during the late 1960s. The term also denotes the modern popular music of Jamaica and its Jamaican diaspora, diaspora. A 1968 single by Toots and the Maytals, "Do the Reggay", was the first ...
, dancehall pop is characteristically different in its fusion with western
pop music Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form during the mid-1950s in the United States and the United Kingdom.S. Frith, W. Straw, and J. Street, eds, ''iarchive:cambridgecompani00frit, The Cambridge Companion to Pop ...
and digital music production. Dancehall pop is also different from dancehall in that most songs use lesser
Jamaican Patois Jamaican Patois (; locally rendered Patwah and called Jamaican Creole by linguists) is an English-based creole language with influences from West African, Arawak, Spanish and other languages, spoken primarily in Jamaica and among the Jamaican ...
in lyrics––allowing it to be globally understood and consumed. It also incorporates the key pop music elements of having melodies, hooks, and the verse-chorus format. Additionally, the genre moves away from the
reggae Reggae () is a music genre that originated in Jamaica during the late 1960s. The term also denotes the modern popular music of Jamaica and its Jamaican diaspora, diaspora. A 1968 single by Toots and the Maytals, "Do the Reggay", was the first ...
and
roots reggae Roots reggae is a subgenre of reggae that deals with the everyday lives and aspirations of Ethnic groups of Africa, Africans and those in the African Diaspora, including the spiritual side of Rastafari, black liberation, revolution and the ho ...
music origins in social and political protest, now lyrically centering on partying, dancing, and sexuality. By the early 2000s, dancehall pop had its entrance into the global music industry.


History


Early developments

As the sub-genre of its fathering music style
dancehall Dancehall is a genre of Jamaican popular music that originated in the late 1970s. Initially, dancehall was a more sparse version of reggae than the roots reggae, roots style, which had dominated much of the 1970s.Barrow, Steve & Dalton, Peter (2 ...
, dancehall pop combines instrumental
reggae Reggae () is a music genre that originated in Jamaica during the late 1960s. The term also denotes the modern popular music of Jamaica and its Jamaican diaspora, diaspora. A 1968 single by Toots and the Maytals, "Do the Reggay", was the first ...
and drum patterns of Jamaican sounds with the vocal melodies and catchy lyrics of
pop music Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form during the mid-1950s in the United States and the United Kingdom.S. Frith, W. Straw, and J. Street, eds, ''iarchive:cambridgecompani00frit, The Cambridge Companion to Pop ...
. The name of the genre itself is also credited to Jamaican music lifestyle, where artists and producers would play music from sound systems in local dancehalls. The socio-political changes after the 1970s government change in Jamaica affected dancehall styles, where lyrics moved away from political protest and more towards partying lifestyle. The dancehall genre trend of reusing beats, also known as “reworking”, is also still evident in dancehall pop as well, with many artists sampling old school dancehall track instrumentals––colloquially known as "
riddim In Jamaican dancehall music, a riddim is the instrumental accompaniment to a song and is synonymous with the rhythm section. Jamaican music genres that use the term consist of the ''riddim'' plus the ''voicing'' (vocal part) sung by the deeja ...
s". While dancehall music has its cultural origins in Jamaican sound and music, the dancehall pop genre combines rhythm and sounds from across in the
Caribbean The Caribbean ( , ; ; ; ) is a region in the middle of the Americas centered around the Caribbean Sea in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, mostly overlapping with the West Indies. Bordered by North America to the north, Central America ...
including that of soca, calypso and
reggaeton Reggaeton (, ) is a modern style of popular music, popular and electronic music that originated in Panamanian reggaetón, Panama during the late 1980s, and which rose to prominence in the late 1990s and early 2000s through a plethora of Puert ...
. The fusion between dancehall and pop is attributed to the early digitisation of musical production in Jamaica, where the format of pop music––such as the melodic verse-chorus structure and repeated choruses––could be combined with the fast-paced instrumental rhythms of dancehall. Dancehall pop music did not make its mainstream arrival into the music industry until the early 2000s. Dancehall and soca songs such as Kevin Lyttle's " Turn Me On" and Rupee's " Tempted to Touch", both released in 2002 and 2003 respectively, are examples of the early combinations of the digital pop style and Caribbean rhythms into the western music scene. It was dancehall pop artist
Sean Paul Sean Paul Ryan Francis Henriques (born 9 January 1973) is a Jamaican dancehall musician. Paul's first album, ''Stage One'', was released in 2000. He gained international fame with his second album, ''Dutty Rock'', in 2002. Its single "Get Busy ...
, who released his second studio album ''
Dutty Rock ''Dutty Rock'' ( West Indian patois for "dirty rock") is the second studio album by Jamaican dancehall musician Sean Paul. Released on 12 November 2002, it features four top 15 ''Billboard'' Hot 100 hits, " Gimme the Light", " Get Busy", " L ...
'' in 2002, including the hit singles " Get Busy" and " Gimme the Light" that put the genre on highly rated chart positions, with the album reaching a peak position of number 4 on the US ''Billboard'' 200. Sean Paul's collaboration on the album with at-the-time rising pop star
Beyoncé Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter ( ; born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman. With a career spanning over three decades, she has established herself as one of the most Cultural impact of Beyoncé, ...
, titled " Baby Boy", reached number 1 on the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100. This marked the beginning of the mainstream dancehall and pop fusion. Barbadian singer-songwriter
Rihanna Robyn Rihanna Fenty ( ; born February 20, 1988) is a Barbadian singer, businesswoman, and actress. One of the List of music artists by net worth, wealthiest musicians in the world, List of awards and nominations received by Rihanna, her vario ...
then released her debut dancehall pop single in 2005, " Pon de Replay", which reached number two on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 and UK Singles Chart. The genre had a small absence from the pop charts and then reemerged again in the 2010s with numerous Caribbean artists such as
Kranium Kemar Donaldson (born 12 August 1993), known professionally as Kranium, is a Jamaican dancehall singer known for his 2013 hit single "Nobody Has to Know" which gave him international recognition and led him to the Atlantic Records record label. ...
, Konshens, and Popcaan entering the dance-pop music charts. As these artists curated their names in the music industry, chart-topping pop artists like
Drake Drake may refer to: Animals and creatures * A male duck * Drake (mythology), a term related to and often synonymous with dragon People and fictional characters * Drake (surname), a list of people and fictional characters with the family ...
, Rihanna, and
Major Lazer Major Lazer is an American electronic dance music and DJ trio, which includes record producer Diplo, and DJs Walshy Fire and Ape Drums. They were founded in 2008 by Diplo and Switch, with Switch leaving after three years in 2011. He was the ...
incorporated the dancehall pop sounds into their respective hit singles " One Dance", "Work", and " Boom" which each gained top 20 spots on the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100. Drake's dancehall pop and rap inspired track " One Dance" became a best-selling and chart-topping single, giving credit to the genre within the mainstream music scene. Named as the " song of the summer", the song which features Nigerian
afrobeats Afrobeats, not to be confused with Afrobeat or Afroswing, is an umbrella term to describe popular music from West Africa and the diaspora that initially developed in Ghana, Nigeria, and the UK in the 2000s and 2010s. Afrobeats is less of a st ...
artist
Wizkid Ayodeji Ibrahim Balogun (born 16 July 1990), better known as Wizkid, is a Nigerian singer and songwriter. Born in the Ojuelegba suburb of Surulere, Lagos, Wizkid is a voice in the emerging Afrobeats movement. His music is a blend of Afrobea ...
and British singer Kyla received 757 million streams on music-streaming service
Spotify Spotify (; ) is a List of companies of Sweden, Swedish Music streaming service, audio streaming and media service provider founded on 23 April 2006 by Daniel Ek and Martin Lorentzon. , it is one of the largest providers of music streaming services ...
and spent over two months as number 1 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, largely contributing to the mass-audience recognition of dancehall pop. The presence of the dancehall pop sound in mainstream pop music steadily continued into the 2010s, with the emergence of Caribbean artists featuring in Western pop hit songs such as Jamaican singer Kranium's "Can't Believe" featuring American singer
Ty Dolla $ign Tyrone William Griffin Jr. (born April 13, 1982), known professionally as Ty Dolla Sign (stylized as Ty Dolla $ign or Ty$), is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, and record producer. Born and raised in Los Angeles, California, Griffin gai ...
, and British-Jamaican rapper
Stefflon Don Stephanie Victoria Allen (born 14 December 1991), known professionally as Stefflon Don, is an English rapper. She rose to fame with her 2017 single "Hurtin' Me" (featuring French Montana), which peaked at number seven on the UK singles chart, ...
's " Hurtin' Me" with American rapper
French Montana Karim Kharbouch (Moroccan Arabic, Arabic: IPA pronunciation, æɾiːm χɑɾbuːʃ born November 9, 1984), better known by his stage name French Montana, is a Moroccan-American rapper. Born and raised in Morocco, he immigrated to New York ...
, which both earned top 10 spots on the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100.


Dancehall pop in the 2000s

The dancehall pop style of music began to gain attention in the early 2000s. This new fusion style of dancehall and pop was characterized by the adoption of pop song formatting, including choruses and melodies, and a larger fusion of English and
Patois ''Patois'' (, same or ) is speech or language that is considered nonstandard, although the term is not formally defined in linguistics. As such, ''patois'' can refer to pidgins, creoles, dialects or vernaculars, but not commonly to jargon or sl ...
in lyrics. Its early contributing artists include Sean Paul, Rihanna, Beyonce, and Kevin Lyttle. It was Sean Paul's sophomore album, ''Dutty Rock'' (2002), that started the trend of the dancehall and pop fusion. Sean Paul's second single off the album, "Get Busy" (2003), became the first dancehall-pop inspired song to reach No. 1 on the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100. The song received high acclaim and mainstream success, selling over 2 million copies in the United States, and went on to win Best Reggae Album at the
46th Annual Grammy Awards The 46th Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 8, 2004, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California honoring the best in music for the recording of the year beginning from October 1, 2002, through September 30, 2003. It recognized acc ...
in 2003. Fellow Caribbean singer Rihanna also incorporated dancehall pop music into her debut album ''
Music of the Sun ''Music of the Sun'' is the debut studio album by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It was released on August 29, 2005, by Def Jam Recordings. Prior to signing with Def Jam, Rihanna was discovered by record producer Evan Rogers in Barbados, who helped ...
'' (2005), with her debut single "Pon de Replay" (2005) being compared to Beyonce and Sean Paul's No. 1 ''Billboard'' Hot 100 single "Baby Boy" (2003) because of their combined "dancehall-pop mixture". While the majority of the song's lyrics are in English, the title is written in Rihanna's native Bajan Patois, as well as the vocal tone of the song being dubbed to have a "reggae vocal cadence". This was a nod to the Caribbean roots of dancehall pop existing both within musical style and language. Other Caribbean artists such as Kevin Lyttle, Notch,
Rupee Rupee (, ) is the common name for the currency, currencies of Indian rupee, India, Mauritian rupee, Mauritius, Nepalese rupee, Nepal, Pakistani rupee, Pakistan, Seychellois rupee, Seychelles, and Sri Lankan rupee, Sri Lanka, and of former cu ...
, as well as American artists such as Lumidee and
Nina Sky Nina Sky is a Puerto Rican-born musical duo based in the United States, consisting of identical twins Nicole and Natalie Albino. Their debut single "Move Ya Body", released from their Nina Sky (album), self-titled debut album in 2004, was a succ ...
, released songs that incorporated dancehall pop rhythms in the 2000s decade.


Dancehall pop in the 2010s

Dancehall pop gained more mainstream attention throughout the 2010s, with a larger number of western artists releasing and featuring on songs influenced by the genre. Jamaican dancehall and reggae artist Kranium entered the US music charts with his single "Nobody Has to Know" (2013), which featured American singer
Ty Dolla $ign Tyrone William Griffin Jr. (born April 13, 1982), known professionally as Ty Dolla Sign (stylized as Ty Dolla $ign or Ty$), is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, and record producer. Born and raised in Los Angeles, California, Griffin gai ...
, reaching a peak position of #3 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. Fusions of dancehall pop and electronic dance music begun with
Jamie xx James Thomas Smith (born 28 October 1988), known professionally as Jamie xx, is an English musician, DJ, record producer, and remixer. He is known for both his solo work and as a member of the indie pop band the xx. He has been described as a " ...
's 2015 song, " I Know There's Gonna Be (Good Times)" which featured American rapper
Young Thug Jeffery Lamar Williams II (born August 16, 1991), known professionally as Young Thug, is an American rapper. Known for his eccentric vocal style and fashion, he is considered an influential figure in modern hip hop music, hip hop and trap music ...
and Jamaican dancehall artist Popcaan, landing a #35 position on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. In 2015, Jamaican singer OMI's No. 1 single "Cheerleader" was named "song of the summer" by ''Billboard'', remaining on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 for 35 weeks. The crossover of dancehall pop and
electronic dance music Electronic dance music (EDM), also referred to as dance music or club music, is a broad range of percussive electronic music genres originally made for nightclubs, raves, and List of electronic dance music festivals, festivals. It is generally ...
, alternatively classified as tropical house, continued with British pop-duo AlunaGeorge releasing " I'm in Control" (2016) with featured dancehall artist Popcaan. The track reached a peak position of #18 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, and #39 on the UK charts. In 2016, Canadian rapper
Drake Drake may refer to: Animals and creatures * A male duck * Drake (mythology), a term related to and often synonymous with dragon People and fictional characters * Drake (surname), a list of people and fictional characters with the family ...
released his fourth studio album '' Views'', with dancehall pop inspired tracks " One Dance", " Controlla", and " Too Good" which featured Rihanna. Drake's single off the album, "One Dance", remained at No. 1 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 for 10 weeks and was named the "song of the summer" in 2016, while the fourth single from the album, "Controlla", was infused with Jamaican Patois lyrics and also featured Jamaican dancehall artist Popcaan. Drake has also stated his musical aspirations of adopting the Jamaican dancehall trend of reworking riddims into the R&B and hip-hop genre, where numerous artists may record their own lyrics over the same beat. This trend saw some success in the western music industry, with fellow Canadian rapper
Tory Lanez Daystar Shemuel Shua Peterson (born July 27, 1992), known professionally as Tory Lanez, is a Canadian singer-songwriter and record producer. First discovered by Sean Kingston, he received initial recognition for his mixtape ''Conflicts of My S ...
releasing his own rework of Drake's "Controlla", as well as Popcaan, who featured on Drake's original version of the song, reworked another one of Drake's dancehall pop-tropical house inspired tracks, titled " Come Closer". The 2010s saw various Caribbean artists collaborating with American artists on dancehall pop and tropical house tracks. Popcaan featured on numerous hip-hop songs, female Jamaican dancehall artist
Spice In the culinary arts, a spice is any seed, fruit, root, Bark (botany), bark, or other plant substance in a form primarily used for flavoring or coloring food. Spices are distinguished from herbs, which are the leaves, flowers, or stems of pl ...
featured on American rapper Kid Ink's " Nasty" (2016), self-proclaimed "king of dancehall"
Beenie Man Moses Anthony Davis OD (born 22 August 1973), professionally known as Beenie Man, is a Jamaican dancehall deejay. His awards include DJ of the Year Award eight years in a row. His twelfth studio album '' Art and Life'' received a Grammy Award ...
featured on British rap duo Krept & Konan's "Freak of the Week" (2015), and
Chris Brown Christopher Maurice Brown (born May 5, 1989) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and actor. A Pop music, pop and hip-hop-influenced contemporary R&B, R&B musician who works in a variety of genres, he has been called the "Honorific nic ...
featured on Konshens' 2016 hit "Bruk Off Yuh Back". Rihanna continued this trend with her number one single "Work" (2016), which featured Drake. The song reached number one on the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100 for nine weeks, and it placed within the top 5 for music charts in the UK and Australia. ''Billboard'' author Taj Rani noted that the hit single reintroduced dancehall pop back into the mainstream American music industry, with the last dancehall track by a native Caribbean to hit number one being Sean Paul's 2006 hit, "Temperature". Rihanna's lyrics in the song are sung almost entirely in a slurred form of Barbadian Patois, matching the official music video visuals which is set in a Caribbean-style club, in which Rihanna wears a dress with
Rastafari Rastafari is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic religion that developed in Jamaica during the 1930s. It is classified as both a new religious movement and a social movement by Religious studies, scholars of religion. There is no central authori ...
an colours. The singer, who won the 2016 VMA's Michael Jackson Video Vanguard award––given to artists who have successfully influenced the culture and art of the music industry––performed a medley of her famous dance hits, including "Work" (2016), "Rude Boy" (2009), and "
What's My Name What's My Name? or What's My Name may refer to:Rustam Baloch * What's My Name (China Anne McClain, Thomas Doherty and Dylan Playfair song), "What's My Name" (China Anne McClain, Thomas Doherty and Dylan Playfair song) * What's My Name? (Rihanna so ...
" (2010), each reworked onto famous
ragga Raggamuffin music (or simply ragga) is a subgenre of dancehall and reggae music. The instrumentals primarily consist of electronic music with heavy use of sampling. Wayne Smith's " Under Mi Sleng Teng", produced by King Jammy in 1985 on a ...
songs. The performance was called an "homage to her Caribbean roots", with a background of dancers wearing club-inspired clothing and casual party choreography performing in what resembled a Caribbean dance hall. The fusion of electronic dance music and dancehall pop arose in the 2010s under the name "tropical house", a term coined by Australian DJ Thomas Jack in 2014. Tropical house is characterised by its steady 120 beats per minute, using slower rhythms from the dancehall, reggae, and soca genres to create a "melo island vibe". Pop hit "Sorry" (2016) by Canadian singer Justin Bieber was listed as a "tropical house" dance track by US magazine ''Rolling Stone'' because of its "tonal similarities" to some Caribbean music. Electronic dance music artists such as Kygo,
Skrillex Sonny John Moore (born January 15, 1988), known professionally as Skrillex, is an American DJ, record producer, musician, singer. Raised in Northeast Los Angeles and Northern California, he began his career in 2004 as the lead vocalist of the ...
, and Major Lazer have all been identified as tropical house artists who utilise digitised instrumental rhythms from dancehall and soca––such as "synthesized pan flutes and marimbas". The electronic dance trio
Major Lazer Major Lazer is an American electronic dance music and DJ trio, which includes record producer Diplo, and DJs Walshy Fire and Ape Drums. They were founded in 2008 by Diplo and Switch, with Switch leaving after three years in 2011. He was the ...
, consisting of American DJ
Diplo Thomas Wesley Pentz (born November 10, 1978), known professionally as Diplo, is an American DJ and music producer. He is a co-creator and lead member of the electronic dancehall music project Major Lazer; a member of the supergroup LSD (group), ...
, Trinidadian DJ Jillionaire, and Jamaican-American DJ Walshy Fire, are seen as "genre-blending" DJs who draw inspiration from dancehall rhythms, aiming to introduce international waves of music to a mainstream audience. The trio released multiple dancehall pop and tropical house tracks featuring mainstream pop stars, the most popular being " Lean On" (2015) featuring Danish singer and " Cold Water" (2016) featuring
Justin Bieber Justin Drew Bieber ( ; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer. Regarded as a pop icon, he is recognized for his multi-genre musical performances. He was discovered by record executive Scooter Braun in 2008 and subsequently brought to the U ...
, which both earned top 3 spots on the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100. The genre has also received critiques for being a "whitewashed" genre that has appropriated the sounds of dancehall and reggae without recognising its Jamaican history.


Characteristics

Dancehall pop adopted the instrumental "drum and bass lines" that were originally taken from reggae music accompaniment. The trend of voice-over ad-libs, mostly in the form of talking rather than singing, has remained a distinct characteristic in both dancehall and the dancehall pop music style that grew from DJs in Jamaican dance halls playing instrumental reggae tracks. The boom in digital production technology is one of the factors which led to the dancehall fusion with pop, in which multiple producers can remix, recreate, and access various types of sounds. This digitisation has allowed the trend of sampling and interpolating old dancehall and reggae
riddim In Jamaican dancehall music, a riddim is the instrumental accompaniment to a song and is synonymous with the rhythm section. Jamaican music genres that use the term consist of the ''riddim'' plus the ''voicing'' (vocal part) sung by the deeja ...
s to continue into modern dancehall pop music, combining the pop melody and song format. For example, the 1993 hit dancehall single " Murder She Wrote" by Chaka Demus & Pliers has been interpolated multiple times to form chart-topping singles such as Omarion and Chris Browns "Post to Be", Nicki Minaj and French Montana's "Freaks", and Jason Derulo's "Too Hot". While such songs maintain dancehall melodies, they adopt the verse-chorus and hook format used in most pop songs. Lyrics in dancehall songs are usually written and sung using both English and Jamaican patois. To make dancehall pop music easily understood, Jamaican patois is used lesser in songs that feature western pop artists that release music in English. Popular patois slang terms that have become popularised as a result of cultural attributes absorption into pop culture, and rising multiculturalism, are continuously incorporated into dancehall pop songs. Rihanna's number 1 single "Work" is almost entirely sung in a combination of the singer's native Bajan patois and English, with Canadian rapper Drake's following hook incorporating elements of patois into his verse as well. Popular patois slang, adopted from languages across the Caribbean, such as "ting", "man dem", and "dun know" are now found in lyrics outside the dancehall and dancehall pop genres, most often in hip-hop and rap music.


Language and slang

Dancehall pop retains it Jamaican cultural roots despite its mainstream reach, and this is visible in the infusion of Jamaican patois lyrics that are used in lyrics for both Caribbean and non-Caribbean artists. Patois words themselves are used often by native Caribbean singers such as Rihanna, Sean Paul, and Kranium in their lyrics. Caribbean slang, which is described as "hybridised diasporic slang" by US magazine FADER author Eternity Martis, has become popularised by mainstream media and adopted into the colloquial language globally as a result of "cultural prevalence" and the rising popularity of dancehall genres themselves. Canadian rapper Drake has been criticised numerous times for his casual use of patois slang in his daily life and song lyrics. Drake's usage of Jamaican patois has been explained as a result of the large communities of Jamaicans in
Toronto Toronto ( , locally pronounced or ) is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, most populous city in Canada. It is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Ontario. With a p ...
, in which the large diasporic presence has resulted in a fusion into modern lifestyle. The scale of integration between slang terms and Jamaican patois has been attributed to the survival of Jamaican and Caribbean culture over time, as well as the growing popularity of the music from the region. Sean Paul has also claimed that patois may be a barricade for the potential global popularity of the dancehall genre, where artists who sing in "hardcore patois" create a language barrier for non-Patois speaking consumers. The criticism Rihanna received when her single "Work" (2016) released shared similar sentiments, where numerous magazine tabloids and social media platforms negatively critiqued her use of Barbadian patois.


Criticism


Whitewashing and cultural appropriation

Non-Caribbean artists involved in the dancehall pop-tropical house genre has been criticised for whitewashing and
cultural appropriation Cultural appropriation is the adoption of an element or elements of one culture or cultural identity, identity by members of another culture or identity in a manner perceived as inappropriate or unacknowledged. Such a controversy typically ari ...
. Canadian rapper Drake has been targeted as a "culture vulture", for appropriating the slang, rhythms, and artists of dancehall––as well as the UK Grime scene––without proper accreditation to its upcoming artists and cultural history. Drake has been criticised numerous times for his casual imitation of a Jamaican accent in his music, as well as his "profiting" of popular cultures during their times of mainstream recognition. However, Drake's usage of Jamaican slang has been attributed to his Toronto roots, where a large diaspora of Jamaicans exist and influence urban culture. The rapper has also given credit to Vybz Kartel as a musical influence of his. Tropical house artists such as Kygo, Thomas Jack, Duke Dumont have also been critiqued for their classification of their music production into tropical and deep house genres, with critics claiming their sounds have been derived from dancehall and reggae roots. Pop culture magazine tabloids such as
Rolling Stone ''Rolling Stone'' is an American monthly magazine that focuses on music, politics, and popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco, California, in 1967 by Jann Wenner and the music critic Ralph J. Gleason. The magazine was first known fo ...
have also faced criticism for classifying dancehall pop songs "Work" (2016) and "One Dance" (2016) as "tropical house-flavoured". FUSE author Bianca Gracie claims that this genre title of "tropical house" suggests the rhythms and musical style originated in Europe, and disconnects the cultural connection to Jamaica. Bianca Garcie also stated that the critiques of Rihanna's Bajan lyrics to "Work" (2016) were wrongly turned into online memes.


See also

* Stop Murder Music


References

{{Reggae Caribbean music genres Dancehall Dance-pop Pop music genres Reggae fusion Urbano music genres