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The Dalian dialect ( zh, s=大连话, t=大連話, p=Dàliánhuà, c=,
Romaji The romanization of Japanese is the use of Latin script to write the Japanese language. This method of writing is sometimes referred to in Japanese as . Japanese is normally written in a combination of logogram, logographic characters borrowe ...
: ''Dairen-ben'') is a dialect of
Mandarin Chinese Mandarin ( ; zh, s=, t=, p=Guānhuà, l=Mandarin (bureaucrat), officials' speech) is the largest branch of the Sinitic languages. Mandarin varieties are spoken by 70 percent of all Chinese speakers over a large geographical area that stretch ...
spoken on the
Liaodong Peninsula The Liaodong or Liaotung Peninsula ( zh, s=辽东半岛, t=遼東半島, p=Liáodōng Bàndǎo) is a peninsula in southern Liaoning province in Northeast China, and makes up the southwestern coastal half of the Liaodong region. It is located ...
,
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
including the city of
Dalian Dalian ( ) is a major sub-provincial port city in Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, and is Liaoning's second largest city (after the provincial capital Shenyang) and the third-most populous city of Northeast China (after Shenyang ...
and parts of
Dandong Dandong ( zh, s=丹东 , t=丹東 , p=Dāndōng; lit. "Red East"), formerly known as Andong, is a coastal prefecture-level city in southeastern Liaoning province, in the northeastern region of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest ...
and
Yingkou Yingkou ( zh, s=, t=, p=Yíngkǒu) is a coastal prefecture-level city of central southern Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, on the northeastern shore of Liaodong Bay. It is the third-smallest city in Liaoning with a total area of , a ...
. The Dalian dialect shares many similarities with the Yantai dialect and Weihai dialect spoken on Shandong Peninsula (Jiaodong Peninsula), to the south of the Bohai Strait; hence each of them is a subset of Jiao Liao Mandarin. The Dalian dialect is notable among Chinese dialects for
loanword A loanword (also a loan word, loan-word) is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing. Borrowing is a metaphorical term t ...
s from Japanese and
Russian Russian(s) may refer to: *Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *A citizen of Russia *Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages *''The Russians'', a b ...
, reflecting its history of foreign occupation. Notable words in the Dalian dialect include ("foolish") and ("to cheat or deceive").


Phonology


Comparing with Mandarin on pronunciation


Syllables that don't exist in standard Mandarin

*biǎng (de) (It is actually the liaison of bì(婢) yăng(养), almost always followed by an unvoiced de(的)) -【Adjective】: literally means "raised by a maidservant";【Noun】a highly derogatory term to express despise or anger toward certain individual(s). *piǎ (This Chinese character is not made out yet.) -【Verb】to ridicule sb.


Consonants


Basic consonants


Vowels


Basic vowels


Compound vowels

* Dark red color means compound vowels; ''ai'', ''ei'', ''ao'', ''ou'', ''an'', ''en'', ''in'', ''ün'', ''ang'', ''ong'', ''eng'', ''ing'' are as basic vowels. * are apical vowels of ''zi'', ''ci'', ''si''. * ''m'', ''n'' and ''ng'' are nasal vowels of independent syllables; there are also two syllables of "''hm'' 噷" and "''hng'' 哼".


Erizational vowels

* "瓦" and "碗" are different; "歌" and "根" are different, vowel of "根" is a kind of retroflex mid-central vowel. * ''i'' of "''zi'', ''ci'', ''si''" is an apical vowel. After erizing, ''i'' turns into ''er'', such as "事"''ser4''. * The rule of ''i'', ''u'', ''ü'' combining with the erizational vowels is the same as the rule of those combining with the basic vowels, so the tabulation of this part is omitted.


Tones

In Dalianian, *When Tone No.1 meets another Tone No.1 or Tone No.4 meets Tone No.1, usually the previous tone turns to Tone No.5 and the next tone doesn't change, like “家家戶戶”''jia'r5-jia'r1-hur6-hur4'', “駕崩”''jia5-beng1''. *When Tone No.1 meets Tone No.4, usually the previous tone doesn't change and the next tone turns to Tone No.6, like “蟋蟀”''xi1-suai6'' or ''xi3-suar'', “稀碎”xi1-sei6. *When Tone No.4 meets another Tone No.4, usually the previous tone turns to Tone No.5 and the next tone turns to Tone No.6, like “畢恭畢敬”''bi5-gongr1-bi5-jingr6'', “客客氣氣”''ke'r4-ke'r-qi5-qi6''.The extraordinary nature of some reiteratives and some
onomatopoeias Onomatopoeia (or rarely echoism) is a type of word, or the process of creating a word, that phonetics, phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests the sound that it describes. Common onomatopoeias in English include animal noises such as Oin ...
.
*Tone No.5 and Tone No.6 are not basic tones, but modulations.


Vocabulary


Grammar

According to the predicate structure analysis method of the British linguists Ricci, the Dalian dialect is the same as English and Mandarin - the sentence is generally composed of S+V+O, that is subject + predicate +
object Object may refer to: General meanings * Object (philosophy), a thing, being, or concept ** Object (abstract), an object which does not exist at any particular time or place ** Physical object, an identifiable collection of matter * Goal, an a ...
of the order, but there are special circumstances, such as the older generation of Dalian people will say "Jiǎ zóu ba! Jiǎ zóu ba! (家走吧!家走吧!)" instead of "Húi jiā ba! Húi jiā ba! (回家吧!回家吧!)". At this time, the sentence is not S+V+O, but S+O+V, that is, subject + object + predicate. *''jiā'' means "home". *''zǒu'' means "go". *''húi'' means "go back to". *''ba'' means a kind of mood which means "to persuade" or "to urge".


Others


Classification

* The dialect of Zhongshan District, Xigang District, Shahekou District, Ganjingzi District, Lüshunkou District and Wafangdian City of
Dalian Dalian ( ) is a major sub-provincial port city in Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, and is Liaoning's second largest city (after the provincial capital Shenyang) and the third-most populous city of Northeast China (after Shenyang ...
belongs to Da-Wa Subarea; * The dialect of
Jinzhou District Jinzhou District () is one of the seven districts of Dalian, Liaoning province, People's Republic of China. It is located about northeast of the city centre and faces the Bohai Sea to the west as well as the Korea Bay to the east and has a long ...
,
Pulandian District Pulandian District () is one of the seven districts under the administration of Dalian, located in the south of Liaoning province, People's Republic of China. Its area is and its permanent population is 741,230. The district borders the prefect ...
, Zhuanghe City and Changhai County of Dalian belongs to Chang-Zhuang Subarea.


Distribution

* Peninsulas: Shandong Peninsula,
Liaodong Peninsula The Liaodong or Liaotung Peninsula ( zh, s=辽东半岛, t=遼東半島, p=Liáodōng Bàndǎo) is a peninsula in southern Liaoning province in Northeast China, and makes up the southwestern coastal half of the Liaodong region. It is located ...
. *
Border Borders are generally defined as geography, geographical boundaries, imposed either by features such as oceans and terrain, or by polity, political entities such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other administrative divisio ...
s:
Yalu River The Yalu River () or Amnok River () is a river on the border between China and North Korea. Together with the Tumen River to its east, and a small portion of Paektu Mountain, the Yalu forms the border between China and North Korea. Its valle ...
,
Ussuri River The Ussuri ( ; ) or Wusuli ( ) is a river that runs through Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krais, Russia and the southeast region of Northeast China in the province of Heilongjiang. It rises in the Sikhote-Alin mountain range, flowing north and for ...
.


References

{{Authority control Dalian Mandarin Chinese Dialects by location