Daayan

Daayan, Ḍāin or Ḍāini is often mistakenly regarded as a rendering for a witch in Indian folklore and Pakistani folklore, the term has been derived from the Sanskrit word ''dakini'', which refers to a female paranormal entity from ''patala'' (the netherworld). ''Dakinis'' have been described in medieval Hindu texts such as the Bhagavata Purana, Brahma Purana, Markandeya Purana and Kathasaritsagara as female fiendish spirits in the train of Kali who feed on human flesh.

Daayans are comparable to malevolent female spirits such as the succubi of Western folklore, they also resemble vampiresses by their alleged feeding behaviours that requires the blood or life-force of their victims. It is also said that powerful and older ''daayan'' is also referred to as ''ekayan''. The primary source of a daayan's power is her unusually long braids (''choti'') that is used as an additional limb, it can be flexed, stretched retracted and regenerated to do whatever the ''daayan'' pleases. The ''daayan'' is also described as having long and monstrous black nails, and feet that face backwards. It is said that once a ''daayan'' lays her evil eye on someone, it is a bad omen for the whole household of that person. She is regarded as the most powerful paranormal being.

History

The ''daayan'' cult refers to a secret society which emerged during the 15th century in Harangul, a village in the Parbhani district of Maharashtra. The concept of ''daayans'' has permeated Indian culture, and may be seen on popular television programs. Belief in ''daayans'' has existed in most regions of India, particularly in Jharkhand and Bihar. "'Victims of witch-hunting are usually old or widowed women. These women are victimized for their property, or due to problems in the family or for sexual exploitation" says Vasvi Kiro, a member of the Jharkhand State Commission for Women. The legend is prevalent in rural and semi-rural areas, with "witch-hunts" causing women to be killed or ostracised.

In Harangul it is believed that ''daayan'' live in an area of the village, and an evil spirit resides within them. Villagers believe these women destroy everything that is good. ''Daayans'' are allegedly found in and around cemeteries, abandoned battlefields, crossroads, toilets and squalid places.Fane, Hannah (1975). "The Female Element in Indian Culture". Asian Folklore Studies (Nanzan University) 34 (1): 100. .Raymond Buckland (2009). The Weiser Field Guide to Ghosts: Apparitions, Spirits, Spectral Lights and Other Hauntings of History and Legend. Weiser Books. p. 33. .

Folklore

Folklore suggests that a woman treated badly by her family or who died in childbirth as a result of family neglect returns as a ''daayan'', haunting the family and drinking the blood of male family members.Cheung, Theresa (2006). The Element Encyclopedia of the Psychic World. Harper Element. p. 112. . Beginning with the youngest male in the family, draining his blood changes him into an old man before she progresses to the other men.Janet Chawla (1994). Child-bearing and culture: women centered revisioning of the traditional midwife : the dai as a ritual practitioner. Indian Social Institute. p. 15.

A ''daayan'' is also said to target young families, young women and other family surrogates.Bane, Theresa (2010). "Chedipe". Encyclopedia of Vampire Mythology. McFarland. pp. 47–8. ISBN
978-0786444526. Assuming the form of a young, attractive female, she hunts for young men on roads and seduces lone travellers into accompanying her. Imprisoning a man, she feeds on his age and blood. One legend says that a ''daayan'' will hold a young man captive until he is old, using him sexually until he dies and joins the spirit world. Another says that a young man seduced by the ''daayan'' who eats her food returns at dawn to the village as an old man.Melton, J. Gordon (1999). The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of the Undead. Visible Ink Press. p. 372.

Some women are believed to be ''daayans'', and (along with young children) are sometimes tortured and killed in rural areas. Witchcraft is a major social problem in Jharkhand (a state in India that ranks 24th out of 29th in literacy), a large number of women are accused as witches and are killed. The state is known for an indigenous religion called ''Sarna''. Similar to the puritan society of the 17th century, women here are not treated as equal to men. Hence single women, especially widows, are easy targets of witchcraft accusations.

''Daayans'' worship evil, "black magic spirits".Chapter 25, ''Beloved Witch'', HarperCollins Publishers India, 2000 Many believe they are the handmaidens of goddesses, and are known as yoginis in local lore. The word ''daayan'' is used in many Hindi films, short films, Indian and Pakistani TV serials as well as in social media as a female, who does things that are not for the good cause or promote evil in society.

Differences between dayaans and churels

''Daayan'' is sometimes used interchangeably with the term '' churel'' ( ''cuṛail''), although conceptual and cultural differences exist between them. A churel is a vengeful ghost that arise from the death of a woman during pregnancy or childbirth, with preternatural powers similar to a witch. Indian witch stories vary across the country; the north Indian states believe that the ''churel'' (which lives near graveyards or in forests) can change its form and lure young men, who they will kill if they have physical contact with them. While in the western and eastern parts of India, it is believed that a ''churel'' looks like an old hag who lures small children away from their families to kill and eat them so as to keep herself younger.

References

{{Witchcraft

Culture of India
Asian witchcraft