Homeobox
A homeobox is a Nucleic acid sequence, DNA sequence, around 180 base pairs long, that regulates large-scale anatomical features in the early stages of embryonic development. Mutations in a homeobox may change large-scale anatomical features of ...
protein DLX-3 is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metab ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''DLX3''
gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...
.
Function
Dlx3 is a crucial regulator of hair follicle differentiation and cycling. Dlx3 transcription is mediated through
Wnt, and colocalization of Dlx3 with
phospho-
SMAD1
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1 also known as SMAD family member 1 or SMAD1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SMAD1'' gene.
Nomenclature
SMAD1 belongs to the SMAD (protein), SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene p ...
/
5/
8 is involved in the regulation of transcription by
BMP signaling.
Dlx3 transcription is also induced by
BMP-2 through
transactivation with
SMAD1
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1 also known as SMAD family member 1 or SMAD1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SMAD1'' gene.
Nomenclature
SMAD1 belongs to the SMAD (protein), SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene p ...
and
SMAD4.
Many vertebrate homeo box-containing genes have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity with
Drosophila
''Drosophila'' (), from Ancient Greek δρόσος (''drósos''), meaning "dew", and φίλος (''phílos''), meaning "loving", is a genus of fly, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or p ...
developmental genes. Members of the Dlx gene family contain a
homeobox
A homeobox is a Nucleic acid sequence, DNA sequence, around 180 base pairs long, that regulates large-scale anatomical features in the early stages of embryonic development. Mutations in a homeobox may change large-scale anatomical features of ...
that is related to that of Distal-less (
Dll), a gene expressed in the head and limbs of the developing fruit fly. The Distal-less (Dlx) family of genes comprises at least 6 different members,
DLX1-
DLX6. This gene is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the gene family on the long arm of
chromosome 17.
Clinical significance
Mutations in this gene have been associated with the autosomal dominant conditions
trichodentoosseous syndrome (TDO) and
amelogenesis imperfecta with
taurodontism.
References
Further reading
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External links
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Transcription factors
{{gene-17-stub