RhoGEF domain describes two distinct

structural domain In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of se ...

s with guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity to regulate

small GTPase Small GTPases (), also known as small G-proteins, are a family of hydrolase enzymes that can bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP). They are a type of G-protein found in the cytosol that are homologous to the alpha subunit of heterotrim ...

s in the

Rho family The Rho family of GTPases is a family of small (~21 kDa) signaling G proteins, and is a subfamily of the Ras superfamily. The members of the Rho GTPase family have been shown to regulate many aspects of intracellular actin dynamics, and are found ...

. Rho small GTPases are inactive when bound to

GDP Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold (not resold) in a specific time period by countries. Due to its complex and subjective nature this measure is of ...

but active when bound to GTP; RhoGEF domains in proteins are able to promote GDP release and GTP binding to activate specific Rho family members, including

RhoA Transforming protein RhoA, also known as Ras homolog family member A (RhoA), is a small GTPase protein in the Rho family of GTPases that in humans is encoded by the ''RHOA'' gene. While the effects of RhoA activity are not all well known, it i ...

, Rac1 and Cdc42. The largest class of RhoGEFs is composed of proteins containing the " Dbl-homology" (DH) domain, which almost always is found together with a pleckstrin-homology (PH) domain to form a combined DH/PH domain structure. A distinct class of RhoGEFs is those proteins containing the DOCK/CZH/DHR-2 domain. This structure has no sequence similarity with DBL-homology domains.

Human proteins containing DH/PH RhoGEF domain

ABR Abr or ABR may refer to: Technology * Available Bit Rate, a service used in ATM networks * Average bitrate, the average amount of data transferred per second * Area border router, in the Open Shortest Path First protocol * Adaptive bit rate, a ...

; AKAP13/ARHGEF13/Lbc;

ALS2 Alsin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ALS2'' gene. ''ALS2'' orthologs have been identified in all mammals for which complete genome data are available. See also * Juvenile primary lateral sclerosis * Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ...

;

ALS2CL Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease (MND) or Lou Gehrig's disease, is a neurodegenerative disease that results in the progressive loss of motor neurons that control voluntary muscles. ALS is the most comm ...

; ARHGEF1/p115-RhoGEF;

ARHGEF10 The human ARHGEF10 gene encodes the protein Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 10. Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through G protein G proteins, ...

;

ARHGEF10L Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ARHGEF1'' gene. This protein is also called RhoGEF1 or p115-RhoGEF. Function Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 is guanine nucleotide exchange f ...

; ARHGEF11/PDZ-RhoGEF.; ARHGEF12/LARG; ARHGEF15; ARHGEF16; ARHGEF17; ARHGEF18; ARHGEF19;

ARHGEF2 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ARHGEF2'' gene. Function Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through ...

; ARHGEF25; ARHGEF26; ARHGEF28;

ARHGEF3 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 3, also known as ARHGEF3, is a human gene. Function Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through G protein-coupled ...

; ARHGEF33;

ARHGEF35 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 35 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the ARHGEF35 gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." mea ...

; ARHGEF37; ARHGEF38; ARHGEF39; ARHGEF4;

ARHGEF40 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ARHGEF4'' gene. Function Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli that work throu ...

;

ARHGEF5 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ARHGEF5'' gene. Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through G protein-coupled re ...

; ARHGEF6/alpha-PIX; ARHGEF7/beta-PIX;

ARHGEF9 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ARHGEF9'' gene. Function ARHGEF9 belongs to a family of Rho-like GTPases that act as molecular switches by cycling from the active GTP-bound state to the ...

; BCR; DNMBP;

ECT2 Protein ECT2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ECT2'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a transforming protein that is related to Rho-specific exchange factors and yeast cell cycle regulators. The expression of t ...

;

ECT2L Epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 oncogene-like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ECT2L gene. Clinical relevance Recurrent mutations of this gene have been associated to cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. References ...

;

FARP1 FERM, RhoGEF and pleckstrin domain-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''FARP1'' gene. This gene was originally isolated through subtractive hybridization due to its increased expression in differentiated chondroc ...

;

FARP2 FERM, RhoGEF and pleckstrin domain-containing protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''FARP2'' gene. Model organisms Model organisms have been used in the study of FARP2 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called ''Fa ...

;

FGD1 FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain-containing protein 1 (FGD1) also known as faciogenital dysplasia 1 protein (FGDY), zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 3 (ZFYVE3), or Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor FGD1 (Rho/Rac GEF) is a protein th ...

;

FGD2 FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain-containing protein 2 (FGD2), also known as zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 4 (ZFYVE4), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''FGD2'' gene. It is a member of the FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing F ...

; FGD3; FGD4; FGD5; FGD6; ITSN1/Intersectin 1; ITSN2/Intersectin 2; KALRN/Kalirin;

MCF2 The DBL proto-oncogene is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MCF2'' gene. The commonly-used name DBL is derived from “diffuse B-cell lymphoma”, the cancer type where this gene was first identified as an oncogene, while the name MCF2 ...

; MCF2L; MCF2L2;

NET1 Neuroepithelial cell-transforming gene 1 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NET1'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." me ...

;

NGEF NGEF (New Government Electrical Factory) of Karnataka in India was an ISO 9001 certified company with German collaborators and known for technology. It is taken as an example of an Indian company that declined. The Company NGEF was incorpora ...

;

OBSCN Obscurin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''OBSCN'' gene. Obscurin belongs to the family of giant sarcomeric signaling proteins that includes titin and nebulin. Obscurin is expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle, and plays a role in ...

; PLEKHG1;

PLEKHG2 Pleckstrin homology domain containing, family G member 2 (PLEKHG2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PLEKHG2'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian uni ...

; PLEKHG3; PLEKHG4; PLEKHG4B;

PLEKHG5 Pleckstrin homology domain containing, family G member 5 (PLEKHG5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PLEKHG5'' gene. Eight transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Function This gene encode ...

; PLEKHG6;

PREX1 Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PREX1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the RHO family ...

;

PREX2 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchange factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PREX2 gene. Clinical relevance Mutations in this gene have been recurrently seen in melanoma Melanoma, also redundantl ...

; RASGRF1;

RASGRF2 Ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RASGRF2'' gene. RAS (MIM 190020) GTPases cycle between an inactive GDP-bound state and an active GTP-bound state. Guanine-nucleotide exchange fa ...

; SPATA13;

TIAM1 T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TIAM1'' gene. Structure TIAM1 is tightly associate with BAIAP2 as a subunit. It contains one DH (DBL-homology) domain, one PDZ domain, ...

;

TIAM2 Datuk Wira Poh Ah Tiam (; April 1, 1952 – March 15, 2007) was a Malaysian politician, businessman and community leader of Chinese descent. Poh was born in Kampung Belimbing, near Durian Tunggal, Malacca. He and his family moved to nearby ...

; TRIO;

VAV1 Proto-oncogene vav is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''VAV1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this proto-oncogene is a member of the Dbl family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) for the Rho family of GTP binding pr ...

;

VAV2 Guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''VAV2'' gene. VAV2 is the second member of the VAV oncogene family. Unlike VAV1, which is expressed exclusively in hematopoietic cells, VAV2 transcripts were f ...

; VAV3.

Human proteins containing DOCK/CZH RhoGEF domain

DOCK1/DOCK180;

DOCK2 Dock2 (Dedicator of cytokinesis 2), also known as DOCK2, is a large (~180 kDa) protein involved in intracellular signalling networks. It is a member of the DOCK-A subfamily of the DOCK family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which ...

; DOCK3/MOCA;

DOCK4 Dock4, (Dedicator of cytokinesis 4) also known as DOCK4, is a large (~190 kDa) protein involved in intracellular signalling networks. It is a member of the DOCK-B subfamily of the DOCK family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which ...

;

DOCK5 Dock5 (Dedicator of cytokinesis 5), also known as DOCK5, is a large (~180 kDa) protein involved in intracellular signalling networks. It is a member of the DOCK-A subfamily of the DOCK family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) whic ...

; DOCK6/ZIR1; DOCK7/ZIR2; DOCK8/ZIR3; DOCK9/Zizimin1; DOCK10/Zizimin2; DOCK11/Zizimin3

Human proteins containing DH/PH RhoGEF domain

Human proteins containing DOCK/CZH RhoGEF domain

See also

References

Further reading