DC Rebirth

DC Rebirth is a 2016 relaunch by the American comic book publisher DC Comics of its entire line of ongoing monthly superhero comic book titles. Using the end of The New 52 (2011–2016) initiative in May 2016 as its launching point, DC Rebirth restored the DC Universe to a form much like that prior to the 2011 " Flashpoint" storyline while still incorporating numerous elements of The New 52, including its continuity. It also saw many of its titles move to a twice-monthly release schedule, along with being released at .

DC Comics ended the Rebirth branding in December 2017, opting to include everything under a larger "DC Universe" banner and naming. The continuity and repercussions established by Rebirth continues into the New Justice (2018–2021), Infinite Frontier (2021–2023), and Dawn of DC (2023-2024) relaunches.

Publication history

''DC Universe: Rebirth Special'' and initiative launch

In January 2016, DC Comics co-publishers Dan DiDio and Jim Lee tweeted an image of a blue curtain with the word "Rebirth" on it, teasing the event's release. The following month, DC announced its Rebirth initiative, a line-wide relaunch of its titles, to begin in June 2016. Beginning with an 80-page one-shot which was released on May 25, 2016, Rebirth returned ''Action Comics'' and ''Detective Comics'' to their previous numbering (#957 and #934, respectively). It also released all comic titles at the price of , multiple books shifted to a twice-monthly release schedule, a number of existing titles relaunched with new #1s, and several new titles were released.

Geoff Johns, president and CCO of DC Entertainment, described the 80-page one-shot as "re-laying the groundwork for DC's future while celebrating the past and present. It's not about throwing anything away. It's quite the opposite." On the initiative, which was described as a rebirth of the DC Universe, Johns called Rebirth more "in the same vein as '' Green Lantern: Rebirth'' and '' The Flash: Rebirth''. Some things alter and change, but it's more character-driven, and it's also more about revealing secrets and mysteries within the DC Universe about " Flashpoint" and The New 52 that are part of a bigger tapestry." The Rebirth initiative would reintroduce concepts from pre-"Flashpoint" continuity that The New 52 had done away with, and build "on everything that's been published since ''Action Comics'' #1 up thru The New 52." Lee said that Johns "came up with this brilliant story or the ''DC Universe: Rebirth Special''that basically allows us to seat the New 52 within the continuity that preceded it. So it really synchronizes and harmonizes pre-52 with New 52 continuity".

Creative teams for the Rebirth titles, along with some art and storylines, were revealed at WonderCon 2016. Johns worked with each writing team and the editors for the titles to help refocus "on these characters, deconstructing them down to their core DNA and building out story arcs based on that DNA". Additionally, two titles part of the initial announcement in February, ''Gotham Academy: Second Semester'' and ''Earth 2'', were revealed to no longer be considered Rebirth titles, instead acting as continuations of their New 52 titles, '' Gotham Academy'' and ''Earth 2: Society'', respectively. Regarding the decision to focus on fewer titles, with some shipping twice-monthly, DiDio said, "What we did was eliminate some of the lower ranked titles, and we're trying to incorporate those ideas into the main books themselves, because we feel that makes the main books stronger" adding, "we look at things like... ''Gotham by Midnight''. And I loved Gotham by Midnight, but it never got the sampling that a ''Batman'' book would. But if we did that ''Gotham by Midnight ''story and integrated it into the ''Batman'' series that was shipping twice monthly, there was a better chance for people to see those characters, get excited by those characters, and more importantly, if we ever decided to thin them out, maybe we'd have a stronger audience and a better chance for series like that to succeed." DiDio also revealed that DC had breaks in the schedule "where we'll decide whether or not a double-ship is working" and potentially change it to monthly status. "We're going to be examining that on a regular basis", he added. "We're not going to keep book double-shipping if we don't think the demand is there."

Regarding the release of variant covers for titles, Lee said, "we're only using specialty variants with comic book shops and variant covers in judicious ways. We're not going to have a gazillion SKUs across the entire line. We find that, at that point, why publish a story inside at all, if you're just going to build a business based on variant covers. We're still using variant covers, but we're actually using one variant cover artist for each book. They sort of get tenure, as it were. And they're going to be responsible for being the alternate cover artist on that book. And we're only doing it on our top-selling books."

On May 27, 2016, DC announced that ''DC Universe: Rebirth Special'' #1 would receive a second printing. The re-release, being sold at , featured an update to Gary Frank's cover, better revealing the outstretched hand of Doctor Manhattan in the top right corner, as well as a square-bound format. Less than a week later, DC revealed the title would receive a third printing, again being released at with a square-bound format and a new cover from Frank. Additionally, the first wave of Rebirth one-shots – ''Superman: Rebirth'', ''Batman: Rebirth'', ''Green Lanterns: Rebirth'' and ''Green Arrow: Rebirth'' – also received second printings, with a recolored Rebirth banner to differentiate it from the original printing. A fourth printing featured a cover by Ethan Van Sciver depicting the scene where Wally West interrupts Batman in the Batcave, with the image of three Jokers on the Batcomputer. ''DC Universe: Rebirth Special''s fifth printing, announced in August 2016, featured a new cover by Phil Jimenez that depicts Barry Allen and Wally West grabbing each other's hands.

Second phase, price increase, and the end of Rebirth

In September 2016, DC announced the ''Justice League vs. Suicide Squad'' miniseries for release in December 2016 through January 2017, which would "reintroduce a supervillain that hasn't been seen for some time." Johns called the story in the miniseries "another building block to 'Rebirth'" that would "set the stage for 'Rebirth' Phase 2" with the reemergence of "a surprising team... and another piece of the puzzle of the future of the DC Universe, and the past, ominginto focus." The second phase of Rebirth began in February 2017, with the launch of ''Justice League of America'', ''Super Sons'', and ''Batwoman''. In January 2017, DC announced the four-issue storyline " The Button" for release in April and May 2017. Taking place in issues 21 and 22 of ''Batman'' and ''The Flash'', the storyline continues plot elements from the ''DC Universe: Rebirth Special'' with Batman and Barry Allen investigating the mystery of the Comedian's smiley face button found in the Batcave. Shortly after, DC revealed that in April 2017, all of the monthly titles releasing at the time (''Batgirl'', '' Batgirl and the Birds of Prey'', ''Batman Beyond'', ''Batwoman'', ''Blue Beetle'', ''Cyborg