Cẩm Phả (, ə̰m˧˩˧ :pʰa is a

city A city is a human settlement of a substantial size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, there is no universally agree ...

of Quảng Ninh Province in the

Red River Delta The Red River Delta or Hong River Delta () is the flat low-lying plain formed by the Red River and its distributaries merging with the Thái Bình River in Northern Vietnam. ''Hồng'' (紅) is a Sino-Vietnamese word for "red" or "crimson". T ...

region of

Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...

History

Middle Ages

Its name Cẩm-phả (锦普) means "splendor and spaciousness" in Hanese text. By researcher Trần Chí Dõi, according to some records since the end of the XVIII century, this name was created by the

Tanka people The Boat Dwellers, also known as Shuishangren (; "people living on the water") or Boat People, or the derogatory Tankas, are a sinicised ethnic group in Southern China who traditionally lived on junks in coastal parts of Guangdong, Guangxi, ...

, who could be

pirate Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence by ship or boat-borne attackers upon another ship or a coastal area, typically with the goal of stealing cargo and valuable goods, or taking hostages. Those who conduct acts of piracy are call ...

s that often traveling to Hạ Long Bay. Initially it was just an

adjective An adjective (abbreviations, abbreviated ) is a word that describes or defines a noun or noun phrase. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun. Traditionally, adjectives are considered one of the main part of speech, parts of ...

to point out a

stone In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. It is categorized by the minerals included, its Chemical compound, chemical composition, and the way in which it is formed. Rocks ...

bund protruding at the edge of the

bay A bay is a recessed, coastal body of water that directly connects to a larger main body of water, such as an ocean, a lake, or another bay. A large bay is usually called a ''gulf'', ''sea'', ''sound'', or ''bight''. A ''cove'' is a small, ci ...

(bãi đá lô nhô sát mép vịnh) and there was very little attention. In 1884, Cẩm Phả came under French administration. On 24 August 1886, Bavienpour established the coal company (; SFCT). SFCT had the right to manage and exploit coal in the Hòn Gai, Cẩm Phả, and Mông Dương regions.

XX century

On 27 September 1945, during the

August Revolution The August Revolution (), also known as the August General Uprising (), was a revolution led by the Việt Minh against the Empire of Vietnam from 16 August to 2 September 1945. The Empire of Vietnam was led by the Nguyễn dynasty and was ...

, workers drove the French out of Cẩm Phả. The French troops returned in November 1946, but the inhabitants fought back, destroying the coal mines, and hundreds of people were killed. The last French soldier withdrew from Cửa Ông, near the Cẩm Phả area on 22 April 1955. During the

Vietnam War The Vietnam War (1 November 1955 – 30 April 1975) was an armed conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia fought between North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) and South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) and their allies. North Vietnam w ...

, the US aircraft bombed Cẩm Phả several times due to its strategic importance. On 30 October 1963, Cẩm Phả, formerly in Hồng Quảng province, came under the jurisdiction of Quảng Ninh province when Hải Ninh and Hồng Quảng provinces merged. On 10 September 1981, Cẩm Phả's boundaries were redistributed. The town of Mông Dương was dissolved to form Mông Dương ward and Cẩm Hải commune. Cửa Ông town became Cửa Ông ward. Cọc Sáu town and Thái Bình commune became Cẩm Phú and Cẩm Thịnh wards. Cẩm Phả is an important

coal Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other Chemical element, elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal i ...

exporting

port A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Hamburg, Manch ...

of modern

(UNCTAD : VNCPH). As of 2019, the city had a population of 190,232. The city covers an area of 486 km². The city was promoted from Cẩm Phả Rural District by February 2012.Về việc thành lập thành phố Cẩm Phả thuộc tỉnh Quảng Ninh
Government Web Portal Cẩm Phả was the site of one of the biggest

coal mine Coal mining is the process of resource extraction, extracting coal from the ground or from a mine. Coal is valued for its Energy value of coal, energy content and since the 1880s has been widely used to Electricity generation, generate electr ...

s in south of Asia which has been exploited for almost a century. The coal mine featured on a special commemorative Vietnam stamp in March 1959. Coal still forms the basis of Cẩm Phả's local economy, with other industries including quarrying, lime production, port, agriculture, forestry and fisheries. The official town website claims several scenic and historical sites in Cẩm Phả, including the Cửa Ông Temple, Rều Island (Monkey Island), Thẻ Vàng Island, the Vũng Đục historical site, and Hang Hanh cave. Though the port of Cẩm Phả has a general maximum draft of 4.8 metres, it has a separate coal loading terminal with a dredged depth of 6.1 metres and a channel depth of 7.1 metres. This allows ships of up to 10 metres

draft Draft, the draft, or draught may refer to: Watercraft dimensions * Draft (hull), the distance from waterline to keel of a vessel * Draft (sail), degree of curvature in a sail * Air draft, distance from waterline to the highest point on a v ...

to load due to the

tidal range Tidal range is the difference in height between high tide and low tide. Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and Sun, by Earth's rotation and by centrifugal force caused by Earth's prog ...

in the port. The coal loading terminal is 299 metres long, and can accommodate ships that are 165 metres in length, at an average loading rate of 6,000 tonnes per day.

XXI century

On 21 February 2012, Cẩm Phả was upgraded from the town to the city.

Geography

Cẩm Phả city contains : *13 wards : Quang Hanh, Cẩm Thạch, Cẩm Thủy, Cẩm Trung, Cẩm Thành, Cẩm Tây, Cẩm Bình, Cẩm Đông, Cẩm Sơn, Cẩm Phú, Cẩm Thịnh, Cửa Ông, Mông Dương. *3 communes : Dương Huy, Cộng Hòa, Cẩm Hải. Besides, most of the isles in Bái Tử Long Bay have not been yet updated with their official name because there are no residents.

Tourism

Cẩm Phả's non-industrial area is known as one of the 10 most famous

landscape A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate with natural or human-made features, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal.''New Oxford American Dictionary''. A landscape includes th ...

s in

. Since the limited policy of coal mining to conserve resources for the future was implemented (2011), some mines in Cọc Sáu, Mông Dương, Hồng Dương have been quickly renovated into an eco-tourism place combined with learning. The city government has called this new trend as "coal tourism" (du lịch than), which is thought to contribute to the conversion of the

economy An economy is an area of the Production (economics), production, Distribution (economics), distribution and trade, as well as Consumption (economics), consumption of Goods (economics), goods and Service (economics), services. In general, it is ...

from maroon (processing coal) to green (resort). Cửa Ông Rock Beach ("the duke port") is recorded as a defense line which Duke Trần Quốc Tảng set up to fight against the Mongolian navy in the 13th century. Besides : Bái Tử Long Bay, Campha Coal Museum, Hanh Caves, Vũng Đục Beach, Ông Cụ Isle, Quan Lạn Bund...

Environment

Coal mining in Cẩm Phả started over 100 years ago. Mining area discharges to the sea about 9 million m³ waste water and 8 million m³ domestic waste water. Another issue is deforestation, for example, from 1969 to 1974, about 42% of area of forest land was reduced.

Climate

Culture

Arts

Cẩm Phả is the place to mark the maturity of many Vietnamese

artist An artist is a person engaged in an activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or demonstrating the work of art. The most common usage (in both everyday speech and academic discourse) refers to a practitioner in the visual arts o ...

s, who are from the

working class The working class is a subset of employees who are compensated with wage or salary-based contracts, whose exact membership varies from definition to definition. Members of the working class rely primarily upon earnings from wage labour. Most c ...

. That comes from the very vibrant collective music movement maintained in every

trade union A trade union (British English) or labor union (American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers whose purpose is to maintain or improve the conditions of their employment, such as attaining better wages ...

. Typically two top

opera Opera is a form of History of theatre#European theatre, Western theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by Singing, singers. Such a "work" (the literal translation of the Italian word "opera") is typically ...

voices : Quang Thọ and Lê Dung. Besides, two

soprano A soprano () is a type of classical singing voice and has the highest vocal range of all voice types. The soprano's vocal range (using scientific pitch notation) is from approximately middle C (C4) = 261 Hertz, Hz to A5 in Choir, choral ...

s Nông Xuân Ái and Tiến Hỷ ;

tenor A tenor is a type of male singing voice whose vocal range lies between the countertenor and baritone voice types. It is the highest male chest voice type. Composers typically write music for this voice in the range from the second B below m ...

Quang Phòng ;

V-pop V-pop (), an abbreviation for Vietnamese popular music or Blue Music, is a music genre covering Vietnamese pop music from the 1990s to the present day. Etymology During the 1970s, V-pop was limited to ''Nhạc trẻ Sài Gòn'' (Youth music o ...

songstress

Hồ Quỳnh Hương Hồ Quỳnh Hương (born 16 October 1980, in Hạ Long, Quảng Ninh) is a Vietnamese female singer. She has appeared in Asia Song Festival 2008, Bước nhảy hoàn vũ (season 1), ''Vietnam Idol (season 3)'' as a guest judge, Cặp đôi hoà ...

. In the field of

literature Literature is any collection of Writing, written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially novels, Play (theatre), plays, and poetry, poems. It includes both print and Electroni ...

, writer Võ Khắc Nghiêm came from a coal miner, so his life was attached to the works of Cẩm Phả and the people of that land. His novel ''Life of a Young Woman'' (Mảnh đời của Huệ) has resonated and even made a famous TV drama.

Sports

In the decades from the 1920s to 1990s, the mass

sport Sport is a physical activity or game, often Competition, competitive and organization, organized, that maintains or improves physical ability and skills. Sport may provide enjoyment to participants and entertainment to spectators. The numbe ...

s movement has developed very strongly in Cẩm Phả to improve physical and mental

health Health has a variety of definitions, which have been used for different purposes over time. In general, it refers to physical and emotional well-being, especially that associated with normal functioning of the human body, absent of disease, p ...

for workers. It was a positive reason that helped the sports delegations from Quảng Ninh regularly ranked first in the National Gymnastics and Sports Congress (Đại hội Thể dục Thể thao Toàn quốc). However, starting in the late 1980s, when the subsidy policy was eliminated by the

government of Vietnam The Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (; less formally the Vietnamese Government or the Government of Vietnam, ) is the Cabinet (government), cabinet and the central Executive (government), executive arm of the Politics of Vietn ...

, Cẩm Phả sports were increasingly stagnant and has been degraded very quickly. The most typical is the dissolution of the Quảng Ninh football team (Đoàn bóng đá Quảng Ninh) in 1991, which was headquartered in Cẩm Phả with most of its members who are mine workers. This event was considered a shock among Vietnam's fans at that time. The policy of remuneration was increasing, which was proportional to the narrowing of the coal mining scale, which is often considered by the Vietnam press as the cause of this leading sports industry degenerated. About the beginning of the 2000s, when the equitization plan was applied, the positive

economic An economy is an area of the Production (economics), production, Distribution (economics), distribution and trade, as well as Consumption (economics), consumption of Goods (economics), goods and Service (economics), services. In general, it is ...

growth was forced the Town People's Committee to consider shaping a movement that was their strengths. Some Olympic competitions began to be concerned to build a team of highly competitive athletes. Besides

football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kick (football), kicking a football (ball), ball to score a goal (sports), goal. Unqualified, football (word), the word ''football'' generally means the form of football t ...

badminton Badminton is a racquet sport played using racket (sports equipment), racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net (device), net. Although it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are "singles" (with one player per s ...

tennis Tennis is a List of racket sports, racket sport that is played either individually against a single opponent (singles (tennis), singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles (tennis), doubles). Each player uses a tennis racket st ...

shooting Shooting is the act or process of discharging a projectile from a ranged weapon (such as a gun, bow, crossbow, slingshot, or blowpipe). Even the acts of launching flame, artillery, darts, harpoons, grenades, rockets, and guided missile ...

swimming Swimming is the self-propulsion of a person through water, such as saltwater or freshwater environments, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival. Swimmers achieve locomotion by coordinating limb and body movements to achieve hydrody ...

canoeing Canoeing is an activity which involves paddling a canoe with a single-bladed paddle. In some parts of Europe, canoeing refers to both canoeing and kayaking, with a canoe being called an 'open canoe' or Canadian. A few of the recreational ...

rowing Rowing is the act of propelling a human-powered watercraft using the sweeping motions of oars to displace water and generate reactional propulsion. Rowing is functionally similar to paddling, but rowing requires oars to be mechanically a ...

and

golf Golf is a club-and-ball sport in which players use various Golf club, clubs to hit a Golf ball, ball into a series of holes on a golf course, course in as few strokes as possible. Golf, unlike most ball games, cannot and does not use a standa ...

are very successful competitions of Cẩm Phả sports world.Quảng Ninh sports promote strengths to reach
/ref> The V.League 1 football club Than Quảng Ninh is based in Cẩm Phả. The club uses both Cửa Ông and

Cẩm Phả Cẩm Phả (, ə̰m˧˩˧ :pʰa is a Provincial city (Vietnam), city of Quảng Ninh Province in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. History Middle Ages Its name Cẩm-phả (锦普) means "splendor and spaciousness" in Chinese language, ...

stadia for its matches.

Landscapes

File:Daokhi.jpg, Monkey Island - Moss Island File:Cua ong 2007 005.jpg, Cửa Ông Temple