''Cytophaga'' is a genus of

Gram-negative Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that, unlike gram-positive bacteria, do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. Their defining characteristic is that their cell envelope consists ...

gliding Gliding is a recreational activity and competitive air sports, air sport in which pilots fly glider aircraft, unpowered aircraft known as Glider (sailplane), gliders or sailplanes using naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmospher ...

, rod-shaped bacteria. This bacterium is commonly found in soil, rapidly digests crystalline cellulose.Home - Cytophaga hutchinsonii ATCC 33406. (n.d.). Retrieved May 02, 2017, from http://genome.jgi.doe.gov/cythu/cythu.home.html ''C. hutchinsonii'' is able to use its gliding motility to move quickly over surfaces. Although the mechanism for this is not known, there is a belief that the

flagellum A flagellum (; : flagella) (Latin for 'whip' or 'scourge') is a hair-like appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, from fungal spores ( zoospores), and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility. Many pr ...

is not used.

Species

The following are some

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

in ''Cytophaga'': * ''

Cytophaga hutchinsonii ''Cytophaga hutchinsonii'' is a bacterial species in the genus '' Cytophaga''. ''C. hutchinsonii'' is an aerobic, gram-negative, soil, microorganism that exhibits gliding motility, enabling it to move quickly over surfaces and is capable of cell ...

'' — aerobic

cellulolytic Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula , a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units. Cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell wa ...

soil bacterium that is known for its ability to rapidly glide over surfaces. The mechanism of cellulose digestion is not fully known; however, it is known that ''C. hutchinsonii'' has multiple cell-associated cellulolytic enzymes.

Species previously classified in ''Cytophaga:''

* '' Flavobacterium psychrophila'' (previously: "Cytophaga psychrophila)" — causes peduncle or cold water disease in

Brook trout The brook trout (''Salvelinus fontinalis'') is a species of freshwater fish in the char genus ''Salvelinus'' of the salmon family Salmonidae native to Eastern North America in the United States and Canada. Two ecological forms of brook trout h ...

; predisposed by subnormal water temperature. * ''

Flavobacterium columnare ''Flavobacterium columnare'' is a thin Gram-negative rod bacterium of the genus ''Flavobacterium''. The name derives from the way in which the organism grows in rhizoid columnar formations. The species was first described by Davis (1922), and th ...

'' (previously: ''Cytophaga columnaris)'' — the cause of

columnaris Columnaris (also referred to as cottonmouth and saddle-back disease) is a disease in fish which results from an infection caused by the Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium '' Flavobacterium columnare''. It was previously known as ''Bacill ...

disease in

salmon Salmon (; : salmon) are any of several list of commercially important fish species, commercially important species of euryhaline ray-finned fish from the genera ''Salmo'' and ''Oncorhynchus'' of the family (biology), family Salmonidae, native ...

id fish, as associated with increased water temperature; it is characterized by white necrotic plaques overlaying skin ulcers; formerly called: ''Flexibacter columnaris''. * ''

Flavobacterium johnsoniae ''Flavobacterium'' is a genus of Gram-negative, nonmotile and motile, rod-shaped bacteria that consists of 130 recognized species. Flavobacteria are found in soil and fresh water in a variety of environments. Several species are known to cause ...

'' (previously: ''

Cytophaga johnsonae ''Cytophaga'' is a genus of Gram-negative, gliding, rod-shaped bacteria. This bacterium is commonly found in soil, rapidly digests crystalline cellulose.Home - Cytophaga hutchinsonii ATCC 33406. (n.d.). Retrieved May 02, 2017, from http://genom ...

)'' — associated with

false columnaris disease False or falsehood may refer to: *False (logic) In logic, false (Its noun form is falsity) or untrue is the state of possessing negative truth value and is a nullary logical connective. In a truth-functional system of propositional logic, ...

. * '' Breznibacter xylanoticus'' (previously: ''

Cytophaga xylanolytica ''Cytophaga'' is a genus of Gram-negative, gliding, rod-shaped bacteria. This bacterium is commonly found in soil, rapidly digests crystalline cellulose.Home - Cytophaga hutchinsonii ATCC 33406. (n.d.). Retrieved May 02, 2017, from http://genom ...

'') — a gliding bacteria that dominates xylan degradation in freshwater environments

References

External links

''Cytophaga'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
{{Authority control Gram-negative bacteria Gut flora bacteria Bacteria genera Cytophagia Soil biology