Cystopteris Alpina
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''Cystopteris alpina'' is a
fern The ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. They differ from mosses by being vascular, i.e., having specialized tissue ...
in the
family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Cystopteridaceae Cystopteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family is placed in the suborder Aspleniineae of the order Polypodiales, and includes three genera. Alt ...
. It is closely related to '' C. fragilis'' and has been treated as
conspecific Biological specificity is the tendency of a characteristic such as a behavior or a biochemical variation to occur in a particular species. Biochemist Linus Pauling stated that "Biological specificity is the set of characteristics of living organism ...
with that species by many authors.Jonsell B (ed). (2000). "Flora Nordica: Volume 1 - Lycopodiacea to Polygonaceae".Bergius Foundation, Stockholm However, according to the Flora of North America, it is an allopolyploid species of hybrid origin, with '' Cystopteris montana'' as one probable parent. It is known to hybridise with '' C. fragilis'' in
Scandinavia Scandinavia is a subregion#Europe, subregion of northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples. ''Scandinavia'' most commonly refers to Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. It can sometimes also ...
and intermediate plants possibly of
hybrid Hybrid may refer to: Science * Hybrid (biology), an offspring resulting from cross-breeding ** Hybrid grape, grape varieties produced by cross-breeding two ''Vitis'' species ** Hybridity, the property of a hybrid plant which is a union of two diff ...
origin are known from
North Wales North Wales ( ) is a Regions of Wales, region of Wales, encompassing its northernmost areas. It borders mid Wales to the south, England to the east, and the Irish Sea to the north and west. The area is highly mountainous and rural, with Snowdon ...
.Tennant DJ. (2010). “The British records of ''Cystopteris alpina'' (Lamarck) Desvaux; Woodsiaceae”. ''Watsonia'' 28: 57-63


Distribution

''C. alpina'' is a
montane Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures lapse rate, fall as elevation increases, causing the ecosystem to stratify. This stratification is ...
species occurring through most of Europe with populations extending into Russia and West-Asian mountain regions. It is widely distributed through Northern Scandinavia, the Alps and the Pyrenees. In Britain it is thought to be extinct having only been known from one locality in
Upper Teesdale Upper Teesdale is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in the west County Durham, England. It encompasses an extensive upland area that includes the headwaters of the River Tees and the surrounding catchment area upstream of the village ...
where it was last recorded in 1911.


Ecology

''Cystopteris alpina'' is restricted to limestone in damp locations mainly in upland areas.


References


External links


Hardy Fern Library: ''Cystopteris alpina''
{{Taxonbar, from=Q913961
alpina Alpina Burkard Bovensiepen GmbH & Co. KG is an automobile manufacturing company based in Buchloe, in the Ostallgäu district of Bavaria, Germany that develops and sells high-performance versions of BMW cars. Alpina works closely with BMW and t ...
Ferns of Asia Ferns of Europe Flora of Northern Europe Flora of Russia Flora of the United Kingdom Plants described in 1788