''Cystopteris'' is a genus of
fern
The ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. They differ from mosses by being vascular, i.e., having specialized tissue ...
s in the family
Cystopteridaceae.
[ These are known generally as bladderferns or fragile ferns. They grow in temperate areas worldwide. This is a very diverse genus and within a species individuals can look quite different, especially in harsh environments where stress stunts their growth. They hybridize easily with each other and identifying an individual can be challenging. In general these are ]rhizomatous
In botany and dendrology, a rhizome ( ) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. Rhizomes develop from axillary buds and grow hori ...
perennials which grow in rocks or soil. Their leaves are multiply pinnate, in that each leaflet is divided into smaller parts. The sori are usually rounded and covered in an inflated bladder-like indusium.
Phylogeny
This genus includes the following species:
Hybrids
The hybrid
Hybrid may refer to:
Science
* Hybrid (biology), an offspring resulting from cross-breeding
** Hybrid grape, grape varieties produced by cross-breeding two ''Vitis'' species
** Hybridity, the property of a hybrid plant which is a union of two diff ...
species include:
*'' C. fragilis'' (''C. "hemifragilis"'' × ''C. reevesiana''; allotetraploid)
*'' C. laurentiana'' (''C. bulbifera'' × ''C. fragilis''; allohexaploid)
*'' C. tennesseensis'' (''C. bulbifera'' × ''C. protrusa''; allotetraploid)
*'' C. tenuis'' (''C. "hemifragilis"'' × ''C. protrusa''; allotetraploid)
*'' C. utahensis'' (''C. reevesiana'' × ''C. bulbifera''; allotetraploid)
Non-species hybrids include:
*''Cystopteris × christii'' Hahne 1904 (''C. fragilis'' × ''C. montana'')
*''Cystopteris × illinoensis'' Moran 1982 (''C. bulbifera'' × ''C. tenuis''; allotriploid)
*''Cystopteris × montserratii'' Prada & Salvo 1985 (''C. dickieana'' × ''C. fragilis'')
*''Cystopteris × vidae'' Fraser-Jenkins & Parris 2021 (''C. alpina'' × ''C. fragilis'')
*''Cystopteris × wagneri'' Moran 1983 (''C. tennesseensis'' × ''C. tenuis''; allo-allotetraploid)
*''Cystopteris fragilis'' × ''Cystopteris tenuis'' (allo-allotetraploid)
*''Cystopteris protrusa'' × ''Cystopteris tennesseensis'' (allotriploid)
References
* Lellinger, David B. ''A Field Manual of the Ferns & Fern-Allies of the United States & Canada''. Smithsonian Institution
The Smithsonian Institution ( ), or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums, Education center, education and Research institute, research centers, created by the Federal government of the United States, U.S. government "for the increase a ...
, Washington, DC
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and Federal district of the United States, federal district of the United States. The city is on the Potomac River, across from ...
. 1985.
External links
Jepson Manual TreatmentUSDA Plants ProfileFlora of North America
{{Taxonbar, from=Q881825
Polypodiales
Fern genera