''Cyprinus'' is the

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of typical carps in family

Cyprinidae Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family. It includes the carps, the true minnows, and relatives like the barbs and barbels. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family and the largest v ...

. Most species in the genus are of East Asia origin with only the

common carp The Eurasian carp or European carp (''Cyprinus carpio''), widely known as the common carp, is a widespread freshwater fish of eutrophic waters in lakes and large rivers in Europe and Asia.Fishbase''Cyprinus carpio'' Linnaeus, 1758/ref>Arkive The ...

(''C. carpio'') in Western Asia and Europe; this

invasive species An invasive species otherwise known as an alien is an introduced organism that becomes overpopulated and harms its new environment. Although most introduced species are neutral or beneficial with respect to other species, invasive species adv ...

has also been introduced to many other regions around the world. ''Cyprinus'' are closely related to some more

barb Barb or the BARBs or ''variation'' may refer to: People * Barb (name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or surname * Barb, a term used by fans of Nicki Minaj to refer to themselves * The Barbs, a band Places * Barb, ...

-like genera, such as ''

Cyclocheilichthys ''Cyclocheilichthys'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae containing approximately eight valid species. They are native to freshwater habitats in Southeast Asia and China. Two additional species are alternately placed in the g ...

'' and '' Barbonymus'' (tinfoils). The crucian carps (''

Carassius ''Carassius ''is a genus in the ray-finned fish family Cyprinidae. Most species in this genus are commonly known as crucian carps, though this term often specifically refers to '' C. carassius''. The most well known is the goldfish (''C. auratu ...

'') of western

Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelag ...

, which include the

goldfish The goldfish (''Carassius auratus'') is a freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes. It is commonly kept as a pet in indoor aquariums, and is one of the most popular aquarium fish. Goldfish released into the wild have b ...

(''C. auratus''), are apparently not as closely related. This genus's most widespread and well-known member is the common carp (''C. carpio'')

species complex In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...

. Although traditionally considered a single species, recent authorities have split the European and West Asian populations from the East Asian, with the latter named '' C. rubrofuscus'' (

syn. The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linna ...

''C. carpio haematopterus''). Members of the species complex are famed as a

food fish Food is any substance consumed by an organism for nutritional support. Food is usually of plant, animal, or fungal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals. The substance is inges ...

and have been widely traded and introduced since antiquity, but in certain areas has multiplied inordinately and become a

pest Pest or The Pest may refer to: Science and medicine * Pest (organism), an animal or plant deemed to be detrimental to humans or human concerns ** Weed, a plant considered undesirable * Infectious disease, an illness resulting from an infection ** ...

. In its long use it has been

domesticated Domestication is a sustained multi-generational relationship in which humans assume a significant degree of control over the reproduction and care of another group of organisms to secure a more predictable supply of resources from that group. A ...

, and a number of breeds have been developed for food and other purposes. The koi (from

Japanese Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspor ...

''nishikigoi'', 錦鯉) are well-known carp breeds,

selectively bred Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant ma ...

for being enjoyed by spectators from above. Strictly speaking, ''koi'' is simply the Japanese name of the East Asian carp. The other

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

of typical carp are generally found in more restricted areas of eastern

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an ...

, centered on the

Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the ...

region. In some cases, they are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found els ...

to a single

lake A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, surrounded by land, and distinct from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean, although, like the much lar ...

, most notably Lake Erhai, as well as Lake Dian,

Fuxian Lake Fuxian Lake () stretches out through Chengjiang, Jiangchuan and Huaning Counties in Yunnan Province, spanning an area of 212 square kilometers. The lake is ranked third-largest in Yunnan, after Dian Lake and Erhai Lake. Also the deepest lak ...

Lake Jilu A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, surrounded by land, and distinct from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean, although, like the much large ...

, Lake Qilihu, Lake Xingyun and Lake Yi-Lung, which are all in Yunnan proper. Several of these species are seriously threatened and five are possibly already extinct: '' C. yilongensis'' (Lake Yi-Lung), '' C. yunnanensis'' (Lake Qilihu), '' C. daliensis'' (Lake Erhai), '' C. megalophthalmus'' (Lake Erhai) and '' C. fuxianensis'' (Fuxian Lake).Wang, Wang, Li, Du, Yang, Lassoie, and Hassan (2013). ''Six decades of changes in vascular hydrophyte and fish species in three plateau lakes in Yunnan, China.'' Biodivers. Conserv. 22: 3197–3221. doi: 10.1007/s10531-013-0579-0

Species

The following species are currently recognized in the genus. * ''

Cyprinus acutidorsalis ''Cyprinus acutidorsalis'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus '' Cyprinus'' found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a popu ...

'' H. L. Chen & H. Q. Huang, 1977 * ''

Cyprinus barbatus ''Cyprinus barbatus'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus '' Cyprinus''. It is endemic to Lake Erhai in Dali, Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans ...

'' H. L. Chen & H. Q. Huang, 1977 * ''

Cyprinus carpio The Eurasian carp or European carp (''Cyprinus carpio''), widely known as the common carp, is a widespread freshwater fish of eutrophic waters in lakes and large rivers in Europe and Asia.Fishbase''Cyprinus carpio'' Linnaeus, 1758/ref>Arkive The ...

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, t ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoological ...

* ''

Cyprinus chilia ''Cyprinus chilia'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus '' Cyprinus'' from several lakes in the Yunnan plateau of China. References Cyprinus Fish described in 1963 {{Cyprininae-stub ...

'' H. W. Wu, G. R. Yang, P. Q. Yue & H. J. Huang, 1963 * '' Cyprinus dai'' ( V. H. Nguyễn & L. H. Doan, 1969) * '' Cyprinus daliensis'' H. L. Chen & H. Q. Huang, 1977 * ''

Cyprinus exophthalmus ''Cyprinus exophthalmus'' is a species of ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. The ray-finned fishes are so called ...

'' Đ. Y. Mai, 1978 * '' Cyprinus fuxianensis'' Yang et al., 1977 * ''

Cyprinus hieni ''Cyprinus hieni'' is a species of ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. The ray-finned fishes are so called becaus ...

'' T. T. Nguyen & A. T. Ho, 2003 * ''

Cyprinus hyperdorsalis ''Cyprinus hyperdorsalis'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus '' Cyprinus'' from the Black River basin in northern Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a ...

'' V. H. Nguyễn, 1991 * '' Cyprinus ilishaestomus'' H. L. Chen & H. Q. Huang, 1977 * '' Cyprinus intha'' Annandale, 1918 * '' Cyprinus longipectoralis'' H. L. Chen & H. Q. Huang, 1977 * '' Cyprinus longzhouensis'' Y. J. Yang & H. Q. Huang, 1977 * '' Cyprinus megalophthalmus'' H. W. Wu et al., 1963 * '' Cyprinus melanes'' ( Đ. Y. Mai, 1978) * '' Cyprinus micristius''

Regan The family name Regan, along with its cognates O'Regan, O Regan, Reagan, and O'Reagan, is an Anglicized form of the Irish surname Ó Riagáin or Ó Ríogáin, from Ua Riagáin. The meaning is likely to have originated in ancient Gaelic ''ri' ...

, 1906 * ''

Cyprinus multitaeniatus ''Cyprinus multitaeniatus'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus '' Cyprinus'' from the Xi River basin in China and Gâm River The Gâm River ( vi, Sông Gâm, , Bainan he) is a river which derived from the Guangxi, China. The river e ...

'' Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936 * '' Cyprinus pellegrini'' T. L. Tchang, 1933 * ''

Cyprinus qionghaiensis ''Cyprinus qionghaiensis'' is a critically endangered species of fish in the genus '' Cyprinus'' from Qiong Lake in Yunnan Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of the People's Republi ...

'' C. H. Liu, 1981 * ''

Cyprinus quidatensis ''Cyprinus quidatensis'' is a species of ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. The ray-finned fishes are so called ...

'' T. T. Nguyen, V. T. Le, T. B. Le & X. K. Nguyễn, 1999 * '' Cyprinus rubrofuscus'' Lacépède, 1803 Cyprinus rubrofuscus Bleeker

† A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species). It is one of the modern descendan ...

'' Cyprinus yilongensis'' Yang et al., 1977 * '' Cyprinus yunnanensis'' T. L. Tchang, 1933

Fossil species

'' Cyprinus priscus'' von Meyer (fossil species from Miocene Germany)

Footnotes

References

* (2007): Evolutionary origin of Lake Tana's (Ethiopia) small ''Barbus'' species: indications of rapid ecological divergence and speciation. '' Anim. Biol.'' 57(1): 39-48. (HTML abstract) {{Taxonbar, from=Q134653 Cyprininae Carp Fauna of Yunnan Extant Miocene first appearances Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Freshwater fish genera