''Cynopoecilus'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

killifish A killifish is any of various oviparous (egg-laying) cyprinodontiform fish, including families Aplocheilidae, Pantanodontidae, Cyprinodontidae, Fundulidae, Nothobranchiidae, Profundulidae, Aphaniidae and Valenciidae. All together, there ar ...

in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Rivulidae The Rivulidae are a family (biology), family of killifishes in the order (biology), order Cyprinodontiformes. They are commonly known as rivulids, South American killifish or New World killifish. The latter names are slightly misleading, however, ...

. They are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

to seasonal temporary pools in

Southern Brazil The South Region of Brazil ( ) is one of the five regions of Brazil. It includes the states of Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina, and covers , being the smallest region of the country, occupying only about 6.76% of the territory of ...

and northeastern

Uruguay Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast, while bordering the Río de la Plata to the south and the A ...

. Most species are restricted to the region bordering the

Patos Patos is a municipality of the state of Paraíba in the Northeast Region of Brazil. It is classified by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics as a sub-regional center A. It is located in the Espinharas River valley, surrounded b ...

– Mirim lagoons, but ''C. feltrini'' is found at the

Tubarão River The Tubarão River is a river in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina (state), Santa Catarina. Geographical aspects It originates from the confluence of the Rocinha river and Bonito river in the municipality of Lauro Müller. The Tubarão Riv ...

(north of the lagoons) and ''C. intimus'' is found at the middle

Gravataí River Gravataí River () is a river that runs along Gravataí (a city located in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre Porto Alegre (, ; , ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian Federative units of Brazil, state of Rio Grande do Sul. I ...

(inland from the lagoons).Costa, W.J.E.M., Amorim, P.F. & Mattos, J.L.O. (2016): A new species of inseminating seasonal killifish of the ''Cynopoecilus melanotaenia'' complex from southern Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). ''Biodiversity Data Journal, 4: e6888.'' The ''Cynopoecilus'' species have small ranges and are often

threatened A threatened species is any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which is vulnerable to extinction in the near future. Species that are threatened are sometimes characterised by the population dynamics measure of ''critical depensatio ...

. The region inhabited by ''C. intimus'' has experienced extensive

habitat destruction Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss or habitat reduction) occurs when a natural habitat is no longer able to support its native species. The organisms once living there have either moved elsewhere, or are dead, leading to a decrease ...

and recent surveys have not been able to locate this species; it may already be

extinct Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and ...

. They are small fish, up to in

standard length Fish measurement is the measuring of individual fish and various parts of fish anatomy, their anatomies, for data used in many areas of ichthyology, including Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy and fishery biology. Overall length Standard length (SL) is ...

. Uniquely among

, ''Cynopoecilus'' and the closely related ''

Campellolebias ''Campellolebias'' is a genus of killifish in the family Rivulidae from southeast Brazil. They are restricted to seasonal blackwater pools in forests in coastal parts of Santa Catarina and São Paulo states. They are small fish, up to in tota ...

'' have

internal fertilization Internal fertilization is the union of an egg and sperm cell during sexual reproduction inside the female body. Internal fertilization, unlike its counterpart, external fertilization, brings more control to the female with reproduction. For inte ...

Species

There are currently 6 recognized species in this genus: * '' Cynopoecilus feltrini'' W. J. E. M. Costa, Amorim & Mattos, 2016 * ''

Cynopoecilus fulgens ''Cynopoecilus'' is a genus of killifish in the family Rivulidae. They are endemic to seasonal temporary pools in Southern Brazil and northeastern Uruguay. Most species are restricted to the region bordering the Patos– Mirim lagoons, but ''C. f ...

'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2002 * ''

Cynopoecilus intimus ''Cynopoecilus'' is a genus of killifish in the family (biology), family Rivulidae. They are Endemism, endemic to seasonal temporary pools in Southern Brazil and northeastern Uruguay. Most species are restricted to the region bordering the Lagoa ...

'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2002 * ''

Cynopoecilus melanotaenia ''Cynopoecilus'' is a genus of killifish in the family Rivulidae. They are endemic to seasonal temporary pools in Southern Brazil and northeastern Uruguay. Most species are restricted to the region bordering the Patos– Mirim lagoons, but ''C. f ...

'' ( Regan, 1912) * ''

Cynopoecilus nigrovittatus ''Cynopoecilus'' is a genus of killifish in the family Rivulidae. They are endemic to seasonal temporary pools in Southern Brazil and northeastern Uruguay. Most species are restricted to the region bordering the Patos– Mirim lagoons, but ''C. f ...

'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2002 * ''

Cynopoecilus notabilis ''Cynopoecilus'' is a genus of killifish in the family Rivulidae. They are endemic to seasonal temporary pools in Southern Brazil and northeastern Uruguay. Most species are restricted to the region bordering the Patos– Mirim lagoons, but ''C. f ...

'' Ferrer, Wingert & L. R. Malabarba, 2014Ferrer, J., Wingert, J.M. & Malabarba, L.R. (2014): Description of a new species and phylogenetic analysis of the subtribe Cynopoecilina, including continuous characters without discretization (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 172 (4): 846–866.''

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3753609 Rivulidae Freshwater fish genera Taxa named by Charles Tate Regan