''Cynolebias'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of freshwater annual

killifish A killifish is any of various oviparous (egg-laying) cyprinodontiform fish (including families Aplocheilidae, Cyprinodontidae, Fundulidae, Profundulidae and Valenciidae). All together, there are 1,270 species of killifish, the biggest famil ...

in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Rivulidae The Rivulidae are a family of killifishes in the order Cyprinodontiformes. They are commonly known as rivulids, South American killifish or New World killifish. The latter names are slightly misleading, however, as they are neither restricted to ...

. They are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found els ...

to northeastern Brazil, generally in temporary waters such as ponds in the

Caatinga Caatinga (, ) is a type of semi-arid tropical vegetation, and an ecoregion characterized by this vegetation in interior northeastern Brazil. The name "Caatinga" is a Tupi word meaning "white forest" or "white vegetation" (''caa'' = forest, v ...

and adjacent regions. By far the highest

species richness Species richness is the number of different species represented in an ecological community, landscape or region. Species richness is simply a count of species, and it does not take into account the abundances of the species or their relative ab ...

is in the

São Francisco River The São Francisco River (, ) is a large river in Brazil. With a length of , it is the longest river that runs entirely in Brazilian territory, and the fourth longest in South America and overall in Brazil (after the Amazon, the Paraná and t ...

basin, but there are also

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

east and north of this system, and west as far as the

Tocantins River The Tocantins River ( pt, Rio Tocantins, link=no , , Parkatêjê: ''Pyti'' ɨˈti is a river in Brazil, the central fluvial artery of the country. In the Tupi language, its name means "toucan's beak" (''Tukã'' for "toucan" and ''Ti'' for "beak" ...

basin.Costa, W. J. E. M. (2014): Six new species of seasonal killifishes of the genus Cynolebias from the São Francisco river basin, Brazilian Caatinga, with notes on C. porosus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). ''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (1): 79-96''. Many species have rather small distributions and some are highly

threatened Threatened species are any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which are vulnerable to endangerment in the near future. Species that are threatened are sometimes characterised by the population dynamics measure of ''critical depensa ...

. They are small thickset fish, up to in

total length Fish measurement is the measuring of individual fish and various parts of their anatomies. These data are used in many areas of ichthyology, including taxonomy and fisheries biology. Overall length * Standard length (SL) is the length of a fish ...

depending on the exact species.

Species

The currently recognized species in this genus are: * ''

Cynolebias albipunctatus ''Cynolebias'' is a genus of freshwater annual killifish in the family Rivulidae. They are endemic to northeastern Brazil, generally in temporary waters such as ponds in the Caatinga and adjacent regions. By far the highest species richness i ...

'' W. J. E. M. Costa & G. C. Brasil, 1991 * '' Cynolebias altus'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2001 * ''

Cynolebias attenuatus ''Cynolebias'' is a genus of freshwater annual killifish in the family Rivulidae. They are endemic to northeastern Brazil, generally in temporary waters such as ponds in the Caatinga and adjacent regions. By far the highest species richness is i ...

'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2001 * ''

Cynolebias gibbus ''Cynolebias'' is a genus of freshwater annual killifish in the family Rivulidae. They are endemic to northeastern Brazil, generally in temporary waters such as ponds in the Caatinga and adjacent regions. By far the highest species richness i ...

'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2001 * ''

Cynolebias gilbertoi ''Cynolebias'' is a genus of freshwater annual killifish in the family Rivulidae. They are endemic to northeastern Brazil, generally in temporary waters such as ponds in the Caatinga and adjacent regions. By far the highest species richness i ...

'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 1998 * ''

Cynolebias griseus ''Cynolebias'' is a genus of freshwater annual killifish in the family Rivulidae. They are endemic to northeastern Brazil, generally in temporary waters such as ponds in the Caatinga and adjacent regions. By far the highest species richness i ...

'' W. J. E. M. Costa, Lacerda & G. C. Brasil, 1990 * '' Cynolebias itapicuruensis'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2001 * '' Cynolebias leptocephalus'' W. J. E. M. Costa & G. C. Brasil, 1993 * '' Cynolebias microphthalmus'' W. J. E. M. Costa & G. C. Brasil, 1995 * '' Cynolebias obscurus'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2014 * '' Cynolebias ochraceus'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2014 * '' Cynolebias oticus'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2014 * '' Cynolebias paraguassuensis'' W. J. E. M. Costa, Suzart & D. T. B. Nielsen, 2007 * ''

Cynolebias parietalis ''Cynolebias'' is a genus of freshwater annual killifish in the family Rivulidae. They are endemic to northeastern Brazil, generally in temporary waters such as ponds in the Caatinga and adjacent regions. By far the highest species richness i ...

'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2014 * ''

Cynolebias parnaibensis ''Cynolebias'' is a genus of freshwater annual killifish in the family Rivulidae. They are endemic to northeastern Brazil, generally in temporary waters such as ponds in the Caatinga and adjacent regions. By far the highest species richness is ...

'' W. J. E. M. Costa,

T. P. A. Ramos T is the twentieth letter of the Latin alphabet. (For the same letterform in the Cyrillic and Greek alphabets, see Te (Cyrillic), Te and Tau respectively). T may also refer to: Codes and units * T, Tera- as in one trillion * T, the symbol for ...

Alexandre Alexandre may refer to: * Alexandre (given name) * Alexandre (surname) * Alexandre (film) See also * Alexander * Xano (disambiguation) Xano is the name of: * Xano, a Portuguese hypocoristic of the name " Alexandre (disambiguation)" * Idálio Ale ...

& R. T. C. Ramos, 2010 * '' Cynolebias perforatus'' W. J. E. M. Costa & G. C. Brasil, 1991 * ''

Cynolebias porosus ''Cynolebias'' is a genus of freshwater annual killifish in the family Rivulidae. They are endemic to northeastern Brazil, generally in temporary waters such as ponds in the Caatinga and adjacent regions. By far the highest species richne ...

Steindachner Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner describ ...

, 1876 * ''

Cynolebias rectiventer ''Cynolebias'' is a genus of freshwater annual killifish in the family Rivulidae. They are endemic to northeastern Brazil, generally in temporary waters such as ponds in the Caatinga and adjacent regions. By far the highest species richne ...

'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2014 * ''

Cynolebias roseus ''Cynolebias'' is a genus of freshwater annual killifish in the family Rivulidae. They are endemic to northeastern Brazil, generally in temporary waters such as ponds in the Caatinga and adjacent regions. By far the highest species richne ...

'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2014 * ''

Cynolebias vazabarrisensis ''Cynolebias'' is a genus of freshwater annual killifish in the family Rivulidae. They are endemic to northeastern Brazil, generally in temporary waters such as ponds in the Caatinga and adjacent regions. By far the highest species richness i ...

'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2001

References

Rivulidae Freshwater fish genera Taxa named by Franz Steindachner Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Cyprinodontiformes-stub