Cynipini is a

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confl ...

gall wasp Gall wasps, also incorrectly called gallflies, are hymenopterans of the family Cynipidae in the wasp superfamily Cynipoidea. Their common name comes from the galls they induce on plants for larval development. About 1,300 species of this generall ...

s. These insects induce

gall Galls (from the Latin , 'oak-apple') or ''cecidia'' (from the Greek , anything gushing out) are a kind of swelling growth on the external Tissue (biology), tissues of plants, fungi, or animals. Plant galls are abnormal outgrowths of plant tissu ...

s in plants of the

beech Beech (''Fagus'') is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe, Asia, and North America. Recent classifications recognize 10 to 13 species in two distinct subgenera, ''Engleriana'' and ''Fagus''. The ''Engl ...

and

oak An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' (; Latin "oak tree") of the beech family, Fagaceae. There are approximately 500 extant species of oaks. The common name "oak" also appears in the names of species in related genera, notably ''L ...

family,

Fagaceae The Fagaceae are a family of flowering plants that includes beeches, chestnuts and oaks, and comprises eight genera with about 927 species. Fagaceae in temperate regions are mostly deciduous, whereas in the tropics, many species occur as eve ...

. They are known commonly as the oak gall wasps.Melika, G., et al. (2013)
A new genus of oak gallwasp, ''Cyclocynips'' Melika, Tang & Sinclair (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), with descriptions of two new species from Taiwan.
''Zootaxa'' 3630(3), 534-48. It is the largest cynipid tribe, with about 936Medianero, E. and J. L. Nieves-Aldrey. (2013)
''Barucynips panamensis'', a new genus and species of oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) from Panama, and description of one new species of ''Coffeikokkos''.
''ZooKeys'' (277), 25-46. to 1000 recognized species, most of which are associated with oaks. The tribe is mainly native to the

Holarctic The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal Kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical regi ...

. Cynipini wasps can act as

ecosystem engineer An ecosystem engineer is any species that creates, significantly modifies, maintains or destroys a habitat. These organisms can have a large impact on species richness and landscape-level heterogeneity of an area. As a result, ecosystem enginee ...

s. Their galls can become hosts of

inquilines In zoology, an inquiline (from Latin ''inquilinus'', "lodger" or "tenant") is an animal that lives commensally in the nest, burrow, or dwelling place of an animal of another species. For example, some organisms such as insects may live in th ...

, and the wasps themselves are hosts to parasitoids. Most of these wasps undergo cyclical

parthenogenesis Parthenogenesis (; from the Greek grc, παρθένος, translit=parthénos, lit=virgin, label=none + grc, γένεσις, translit=génesis, lit=creation, label=none) is a natural form of asexual reproduction in which growth and developmen ...

, sometimes reproducing sexually, and sometimes producing young without fertilization.

Genera

* ''

Acraspis ''Acraspis'' is a genus of gall wasps in the family Cynipidae Gall wasps, also incorrectly called gallflies, are hymenopterans of the family Cynipidae in the wasp superfamily Cynipoidea. Their common name comes from the galls they induce on ...

'' * ''

Amphibolips ''Amphibolips'' is an American genus of gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. There are about 57 described species in the genus ''Amphibolips'' with several others still undescribed. Species The following species belong to the genus ''Amphibolips ...

'' * ''

Andricus ''Andricus'' is a genus of oak gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. Life cycle As in all Hymenoptera, sex-determination in species of the genus ''Andricus'' is governed by haplodiploidy: males develop from unfertilized eggs and are haploid, ...

'' * ''

Antron Antron ( grc, Ἀντρών) or Antrones (Ἀντρῶνες) Demosthenes ''Phil.'' iv. p. 133, Reiske. was a town and polis (city-state) of ancient Thessaly in the district Achaea Phthiotis, at the entrance of the Maliac Gulf, and opposite Or ...

'' * '' Aphelonyx'' * '' Atrusca'' * '' Barucynips'' * '' Bassettia'' * ''

Belonocnema ''Belonocnema'' is a genus of oak gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. There are three described species: '' B. treatae'', '' B. fossoria'' and '' B. kinseyi''. These species are found in the United States from Texas, east to Florida. ''Belonocn ...

'' * '' Biorhiza'' *'' Burnettweldia'' * '' Callirhytis'' * '' Cerroneuroterus'' * '' Chilaspis'' * '' Coffeikokkos'' * '' Cyclocynips'' * '' Cycloneuroterus'' * '' Cynips'' *''

Disholandricus ''Disholandricus'' is a genus of oak gall wasps found in the Nearctic biographic realm. Species * '' Disholandricus chrysolepidis'' * '' Disholandricus lasius'' * '' Disholandricus reniformis'' * '' Disholandricus truckeensis'' See also * ...

'' * ''

Disholcaspis ''Disholcaspis'' is a genus of gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. There are more than 40 species described in the genus ''Disholcaspis''. Some ''Disholcaspis'' species induce galls that produce honeydew, a sweet liquid that attracts yellow jack ...

'' *''

Dros Dros is a surname. Notable people with this surname include: * Charles du Dros (fl.1544), French governor of Mondovì * Cristian Dros (born 1998), Moldovan footballer * Gerald Dros (born 1973), South African cricketer * Imme Dros (born 1936), Dut ...

'' *'' Druon'' * ''

Dryocosmus ''Dryocosmus'' are a genus of gall wasps. They are cyclically parthenogenetic insects that induce galls on plants in the family Fagaceae. According to recent studies, the genus includes some species previously considered as belonging to the gen ...

'' *''

Erythres Erythres ( el, Ερυθρές, formerly known as Kriekouki, Greek: Κριεκούκι) is a village and a former municipality in the northernmost part of West Attica, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality ...

'' * '' Eumayria'' * '' Eumayriella'' *'' Femuros'' *'' Grahamstoneia'' * '' Heteroecus'' *'' Heocynips'' * '' Holocynips'' * '' Kinseyella'' *'' Kokocynips'' *'' Latuspina'' * '' Loxaulus'' * '' Melikaiella'' * '' Neuroterus'' *'' Nichollsiella'' * '' Odontocynips'' *''

Paracraspis ''Paracraspis'' is a genus of oak gall wasps in the Nearctic The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface. The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central ...

'' * ''

Philonix ''Philonix'' is a genus of oak gall wasps in the family Cynipidae.Poole, R.W. & P. Gentili, 1996. Hymenoptera, Mecoptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, Raphidioptera, Trichoptera. ''Nomina Insecta Nearctica: A Check List of the Insects of North Am ...

'' * ''

Phylloteras ''Phylloteras'' is a North American genus of gall wasps in the family Cynipidae, tribe Cynipini (oak gall wasps). Species There are at least 4 described species in ''Phylloteras'', possibly 11 total. * '' Phylloteras cupella'' ( Weld)—urn ...

'' * '' Plagiotrochus'' * '' Prokius'' * '' Protobalandricus'' * '' Pseudoneuroterus'' *'' Sphaeroteras'' *''

Striatoandricus ''Striatoandricus'' is a genus of Neotropical realm, Neotropical Gall wasp, gall wasps (Cynipidae). There are six described species, four of which were formerly included in ''Andricus''. All species induce galls on oaks in which their larvae live ...

'' * '' Trichagalma'' * ''

Trichoteras ''Trichoteras'' is a genus of gall-inducing Hymenopteran that has several species formerly classed as ''Andricus''. ''Trichoteras'' characteristics include antennae with 10 flagellomeres. An entomologist writing in 2018 stated that "is questionab ...

'' *'' Trigonaspis'' *'' Xanthoteras'' * '' Zapatella'' * '' Zopheroteras''

References

Cynipidae {{wasp-stub Hymenoptera tribes