''Cynanchum'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of about 300

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

including some

swallowwort Swallowwort or swallow-wort is a common name for several plants and plant families. The term may be a description of poisonous effects, or indicate that a plant was formerly used medicinally for tonsillitis. It may refer to: * Any of several vine ...

s, belonging to the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (from ''Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family, because some taxa were used as dog poison Members of the ...

. The taxon name comes from

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is dog-strangling vine. Most

are non- succulent climbers or twiners. There is some evidence of

toxicity Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a subs ...

Morphology

These plants are perennial herbs or subshrubs, often growing from rhizomes. The leaves are usually oppositely arranged and sometimes are borne on petioles. The

inflorescence An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed ...

s and flowers come in a variety of shapes. Like other species of the milkweed family, these plants bear follicles, which are podlike dry fruits.

Distribution

These species are found throughout the

tropics The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred ...

and subtropics. Several species also grow in

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout t ...

regions.

Importance

The root of ''

Cynanchum atratum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' is used in

Chinese traditional medicine Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an alternative medical practice drawn from traditional medicine in China. It has been described as "fraught with pseudoscience", with the majority of its treatments having no logical mechanism of act ...

and called ''Bai wei''. Several other species had traditional Chinese medicinal uses. ''

Cynanchum louiseae ''Vincetoxicum nigrum'', a species in the family Apocynaceae, also known as black swallow-wort, Louise's swallow-wort, or black dog-strangling vine, is a species of plant that is native to Europe and is found primarily in Italy, France, Portuga ...

'' (black swallowwort) and ''

Cynanchum rossicum ''Vincetoxicum rossicum'' is a flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae. It is a perennial herb native to southern Europe and is a highly invasive plant growing in all of the Eastern United States, in the mid west, and southern Ontario and Quebe ...

'' (pale swallowwort) are troublesome

noxious weed A noxious weed, harmful weed or injurious weed is a weed that has been designated by an agricultural or other governing authority as a plant that is injurious to agricultural or horticultural crops, natural habitats or ecosystems, or humans or liv ...

s in parts of North America.

Classification

''Cynanchum'' as defined in the late 20th century (to include about 400 species) is

polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of conver ...

and is being broken up. Species are being moved to genera including ''

Orthosia ''Orthosia'' is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae erected by Ferdinand Ochsenheimer in 1816. Species Former species * ''Orthosia johnstoni'' McDunnough, 1943 is now a synonym of ''Perigonica pectinata'' (Smith, 888 888 or triple eight ...

'', ''

Pentarrhinum ''Pentarrhinum'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1838. It is native to Africa.Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nichola ...

'', and ''

Vincetoxicum ''Vincetoxicum'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae. Although the species in ''Vincetoxicum'' have sometimes been included in '' Cynanchum'', chemical and molecular evidence shows that ''Vincetoxicum'' is more closely related to '' Ty ...

'', with a group of mostly Old World species staying in ''Cynanchum'', and old genera such as ''

Raphistemma ''Raphistemma'' was a genus of flowering plants of the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1831, It is native to China and Southeast Asia. but now synonymous and subsumed into the genus ''Cynanchum''. ;Species # ''Raphistemma hoop ...

'' brought to synonymy.

Species

Species include: * ''

Cynanchum absconditum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' Liede * ''

Cynanchum abyssinicum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

Decne. Joseph Decaisne (7 March 1807 – 8 January 1882) was a French botanist and agronomist. He became an ''aide-naturaliste'' to Adrien-Henri de Jussieu (1797-1853), who served as the chair of rural botany. It was during this time that he began to st ...

* ''

Cynanchum acidum ''Cynanchum acidum'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae, typically found in the arid parts of peninsular India where it is used in religious sacrifices. The plant is religiously linked to Hinduism and is believed to be a m ...

'' (

Roxb. William Roxburgh FRSE FRCPE FLS (3/29 June 1751 – 18 February 1815) was a Scottish surgeon and botanist who worked extensively in India, describing species and working on economic botany. He is known as the founding father of Indian botany. ...

) Oken * ''

Cynanchum aculeatum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' (Desc.) Liede & Meve * ''

Cynanchum acuminatum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

Humb. Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 17696 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science. He was the younger brother of the Prussian minister, ph ...

& Bonpl. ex

Schult. Josef (Joseph) August Schultes (15 April 1773 in Vienna – 21 April 1831 in Landshut) was an Austrian botanist and professor from Vienna. Together with Johann Jacob Roemer (1763–1819), he published the 16th edition of Linnaeus' ''Systema ...

* '' Cynanchum acutum'' L. * '' Cynanchum adalinae'' (

K.Schum. Karl Moritz Schumann (17 June 1851 – 22 March 1904) was a German botanist. Schumann was born in Görlitz. He was curator of the Botanisches Museum in Berlin-Dahlem from 1880 until 1894. He also served as the first chairman of the ''Deutsc ...

)

* ''

Cynanchum africanum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is d ...

'' ( L.) Hoffmanns. * ''

Cynanchum alatum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

Wight A wight ( Old English: ''wiht'') is a mythical sentient being, often undead. In its original use the word ''wight'' described a living human being, but has come to be used in fictional works in the fantasy genre to describe certain immortal bei ...

Arn. George Arnott Walker Arnott of Arlary (6 February 1799 – 17 April 1868) was a Scottish botanist. Early life George Arnott Walker Arnott was born in Edinburgh in 1799, the son of David Walker Arnott of Arlary. He attended Milnathort Parish ...

* '' Cynanchum alternilobum'' (M.G.Gilbert & P.T.Li) Liede & Khanum * ''

Cynanchum altiscandens ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

* ''

Cynanchum ambovombense ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

'' (Liede) Liede & Meve * ''

Cynanchum ampanihense ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

'' Jum. & H.Perrier * ''

Cynanchum analamazaotrense ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' Choux * ''

Cynanchum anderssonii ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

'' Morillo * ''

Cynanchum andringitrense ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

'' Choux * ''

Cynanchum angavokeliense ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' Choux * ''

Cynanchum annularium ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' (

) Liede & Khanum * ''

Cynanchum ansamalense ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' Liede * '' Cynanchum anthonyanum'' Hand.-Mazz. * '' Cynanchum antsiranense'' (Meve & Liede) Liede & Meve * ''

Cynanchum appendiculatopsis ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' Liede * '' Cynanchum appendiculatum'' Choux * ''

Cynanchum arabicum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

'' ( Bruyns &

P.I.Forst. Paul Irwin Forster (born 1961) is an Australian botanist. He obtained his doctorate from the University of Queensland in 2004 with his thesis ''The pursuit of plants : studies on the systematics, ecology and chemistry of the vascular flora of A ...

) Meve & Liede * '' Cynanchum arenarium'' Jum. & H.Perrier * ''

Cynanchum areysianum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' ( Bruyns) Meve & Liede * '' Cynanchum auriculatum'' * ''

Cynanchum arizonicum ''Metastelma arizonicum'', synonym ''Cynanchum arizonicum'', the Arizona swallow-wort or Arizona climbing milkweed, is a plant native to Arizona, New Mexico and Sonora Sonora (), officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Sonora ( en, Free and S ...

'' – Arizona swallow-wort or Arizona climbing milkweed * ''

Cynanchum balense ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' Liede * ''

Cynanchum baronii ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' Choux * ''

Cynanchum batangense ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

'' P.T.Li * '' Cynanchum beatricis'' Morillo * ''

Cynanchum bernardii ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' Morillo * '' Cynanchum bicampanulatum'' M.G.Gilbert & P.T.Li * ''

Cynanchum bisinuatum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' Jum. & H.Perrier * ''

Cynanchum blandum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is d ...

'' (

) Sundell * ''

Cynanchum blyttioides ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' Liede * '' Cynanchum bojerianum'' (

) Choux * '' Cynanchum bosseri'' Liede * ''

Cynanchum boudieri ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

'' H.Lév. & Vaniot * ''

Cynanchum boveanum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

* ''

Cynanchum bowmanii ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

'' S.T.Blake * ''

Cynanchum brasiliense ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

'' ( Morillo) Liede * ''

Cynanchum brevicoronatum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' M.G.Gilbert & P.T.Li * ''

Cynanchum brevipedicellatum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

'' (

) Liede & Meve * '' Cynanchum bricenoi'' Morillo * '' Cynanchum bungei''

* ''

Cynanchum callialatum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

'' Buch.-Ham. ex

* '' Cynanchum carautanum'' (Fontella & E.A.Schwarz) Morillo * (

Miq. Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel (24 October 1811 – 23 January 1871) was a Dutch botanist, whose main focus of study was on the flora of the Dutch East Indies. Early life Miquel was born in Neuenhaus and studied medicine at the University of Gro ...

) Maxim. * ''

Cynanchum caudigerum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

'' R.W.Holm * ''

Cynanchum celebicum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

Schltr. Friedrich Richard Rudolf Schlechter (16 October 1872 – 16 November 1925) was a German Taxonomy (biology), taxonomist, botanist, and author of several works on orchids. He went on botanical expeditions in Africa, Indonesia, New Guinea, South Ame ...

* ''

Cynanchum chanchanense ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' Morillo * ''

Cynanchum chinense ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

'' R.Br. * ''

Cynanchum chouxii ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' Liede & Meve * ''

Cynanchum comorense ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

'' Choux * ''

Cynanchum compactum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' Choux * ''

Cynanchum corymbosum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

* ''

Cynanchum crassiantherae ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' Liede * '' Cynanchum crassipedicellatum'' Meve & Liede * '' Cynanchum cristalinense'' Morillo * ''

Cynanchum cuatrecasasii ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

'' Morillo * ''

Cynanchum cubense ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' (

A.Rich. Achille Richard was a French botanist, botanical illustrator and physician (27 April 1794 in Paris – 5 October 1852). Biography Achille was the son of the botanist Louis-Claude Marie Richard (1754–1821). He was a pharmacist in the Frenc ...

)

Woodson Woodson may refer to: * Woodson (name) * Wilbert Tucker Woodson High School, Fairfax County, Virginia, US * Woodson Research Center, Houston, Texas, US * ''Woodson'', an EP by The Get Up Kids Places in the United States * Woodson, Arkansas * Wo ...

* ''

Cynanchum cucullatum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

N.E.Br. Nicholas Edward Brown (11 July 1849 in Redhill, Surrey – 25 November 1934 in Kew Gardens, London) was an English plant taxonomist and authority on succulents. He was also an authority on several families of plants, including Asclepiadaceae, ...

* ''

Cynanchum cyathiforme ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' (Sundell) W.D.Stevens * ''

Cynanchum dalhousiae ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

* '' Cynanchum daltonii'' (

) Liede & Meve * '' Cynanchum danguyanum'' Choux * ''

Cynanchum decaryi ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family (biology), family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek language, Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the co ...

'' Choux * '' Cynanchum decipiens''

C.K.Schneid. Camillo Karl Schneider (7 April 1876 – 5 January 1951) was a German botanist and landscape architect. A farmer's son, he was born at Wermsdorf, Gröppendorf, in the Kingdom of Saxony, and worked as a gardener at Zeitz, Dresden, Berlin and Greifs ...

* ''

Cynanchum decorsei ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' ( Costantin & Gallaud) Liede & Meve * ''

Cynanchum defilippii ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' Delponte * ''

Cynanchum descoingsii ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

'' Rauh * '' Cynanchum diazmirandae'' Morillo * ''

Cynanchum dimidiatum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

'' (Hassk.) Boerl. * ''

Cynanchum dombeyanum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' (

) Morillo * ''

Cynanchum duclouxii ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' M.G.Gilbert & P.T.Li * '' Cynanchum elachistemmoides'' (Liede & Meve) Liede & Meve * ''

Cynanchum elegans ''Cynanchum elegans'', the white-flowered wax plant, is a plant species in the genus ''Cynanchum'' found in New South Wales in Australia. It is a threatened species. It was first described by George Bentham in 1868 as ''Vincetoxicum elegans'', f ...

'' (

Benth. George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...

)

Domin Karel Domin (4 May 1882, Kutná Hora, Kingdom of Bohemia – 10 June 1953, Prague) was a Czech botanist and politician. After gymnasium school studies in Příbram Příbram (; german: Freiberg in Böhmen, ''Przibram'', or ''Pribram'', ...

* '' Cynanchum ellipticum'' (

Harv. William Henry Harvey, FRS FLS (5 February 1811 – 15 May 1866) was an Irish botanist and phycologist who specialised in algae. Biography Harvey was born at Summerville near Limerick, Ireland, in 1811, the youngest of 11 children. His fathe ...

) R.A.Dyer * ''

Cynanchum erikseniae ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

'' Morillo * ''

Cynanchum erythranthum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

'' Jum. & H.Perrier * '' Cynanchum ethiopicum'' Liede & Khanum * ''

Cynanchum eurychitoides ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' (

)

* ''

Cynanchum eurychiton ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' (

)

* '' Cynanchum falcatum'' Hutch. & E.A.Bruce * ''

Cynanchum fasciculiflorum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' Morillo * ''

Cynanchum fernandezii ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' Morillo * ''

Cynanchum fimbricoronum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

'' P.T.Li * '' Cynanchum floribundum'' R.Br. * ''

Cynanchum floriferum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species ...

'' Liede & Meve * ''

Cynanchum foetidum ''Cynanchum'' is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The taxon name comes from Greek ''kynos'' (meaning "dog") and ''anchein'' ("to choke"), hence the common name for several species is ...

'' ( Cav.)

Kunth Carl Sigismund Kunth (18 June 1788 – 22 March 1850), also Karl Sigismund Kunth or anglicized as Charles Sigismund Kunth, was a German botanist. He is known for being one of the first to study and categorise plants from the American continent ...

* ''Cynanchum folotsioides'' Liede & Meve * ''Cynanchum forskaolianum'' Meve & Liede * ''Cynanchum fragrans'' (Nathaniel Wallich, Wall.) Liede & Khanum * ''Cynanchum gentryi'' ( Morillo) Liede * ''Cynanchum gerrardii'' (

) Liede * ''Cynanchum gilbertii'' Liede * ''Cynanchum giraldii''

* ''Cynanchum glomeratum'' Jean Marie Bosser, Bosser * ''Cynanchum gobicum'' Valery Ivanovitsch Grubov, Grubov * ''Cynanchum goertsianum'' Morillo * ''Cynanchum gonoloboides''

* ''Cynanchum gracillimum'' Nathaniel Wallich, Wall. ex

* ''Cynanchum graminiforme'' Liede * ''Cynanchum grandidieri'' Liede & Meve * ''Cynanchum graphistemmatoides'' Liede & Khanum * ''Cynanchum guatemalense'' Armando Dugand, Dugand * ''Cynanchum guehoi'' Jean Marie Bosser, Bosser * ''Cynanchum hardyi'' Liede & Meve * ''Cynanchum hastifolium''

* ''Cynanchum haughtii''

* ''Cynanchum hemsleyanum'' (Daniel Oliver (botanist), Oliv.) Liede & Khanum * ''Cynanchum heteromorphum'' Georg Carl Wilhelm Vatke, Vatke * ''Cynanchum heydei'' Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hook.f. * ''Cynanchum hickenii'' Gustaf Oskar Andersson Malme, Malme * ''Cynanchum hoedimeerium'' Reinier Cornelis Bakhuizen van den Brink (born 1911), Bakh.f. * ''Cynanchum hooperianum'' (Carl Ludwig Blume, Blume) Liede & Khanum * ''Cynanchum humbert-capuronii'' Liede & Meve * ''Cynanchum implicatum'' ( Jum. & H.Perrier) Jum. & H.Perrier * ''Cynanchum insigne'' (

) Liede & Meve * ''Cynanchum insipidum'' (Ernst Heinrich Friedrich Meyer, E.Mey.) Liede & Khanum * ''Cynanchum insulanum''(Henry Fletcher Hance, Hance) William Hemsley (botanist), Hemsl. * ''Cynanchum itremense'' Liede * ''Cynanchum jaliscanum'' (Anna Murray Vail, Vail)

* ''Cynanchum jaramilloi'' Morillo * ''Cynanchum juliani-marnieri'' Desc. * ''Cynanchum jumellei'' Choux * ''Cynanchum junciforme'' (Decne.) Liede * ''Cynanchum kaschgaricum'' Y.X.Liou * ''Cynanchum kingdonwardii'' M.G.Gilbert & P.T.Li * ''Cynanchum kintungense'' Ying Tsiang, Tsiang * ''Cynanchum kwangsiense'' Ying Tsiang, Tsiang & H.D.Zhang * ''Cynanchum laeve'' - honeyvine * ''Cynanchum lanhsuense'' Takasi Yamazaki, T.Yamaz. * ''Cynanchum lecomtei'' Choux * ''Cynanchum ledermannii''

* ''Cynanchum leptolepis'' (

)

* ''Cynanchum leptostephanum'' Ludwig Diels, Diels * ''Cynanchum leucophellum'' Ludwig Diels, Diels * ''Cynanchum lineare''

* ''Cynanchum liukiuense'' Otto Warburg (botanist), Warb. * ''Cynanchum loheri''

* ''Cynanchum longipedunculatum'' M.G.Gilbert & P.T.Li * ''Cynanchum longipes''

* ''Cynanchum longirostrum'' (

) W.D.Stevens * ''Cynanchum lopezpalaciosii'' Morillo * ''Cynanchum luteifluens'' ( Jum. & H.Perrier) Desc. * ''Cynanchum lysimachioides'' Y.Tsiang & P.T.Li * ''Cynanchum maasii'' Morillo * ''Cynanchum macranthum'' Jum. & H.Perrier * ''Cynanchum macrolobum'' Jum. & H.Perrier * ''Cynanchum madagascariense''

* ''Cynanchum magale'' Buch.-Ham. ex Lewis Weston Dillwyn, Dillwyn * ''Cynanchum mahafalense'' Jum. & H.Perrier * ''Cynanchum mariense'' (Meve & Liede) Liede & Meve * ''Cynanchum mariquitense'' José Celestino Mutis, Mutis * ''Cynanchum marnieranum'' Rauh * ''Cynanchum masoalense'' Choux * ''Cynanchum maximoviczii'' Yevgenia Pobedimova, Pobed. * ''Cynanchum megalanthum'' M.G.Gilbert & P.T.Li * ''Cynanchum membranaceum'' (Liede & Meve) Liede & Meve * ''Cynanchum menarandrense'' Jum. & H.Perrier * ''Cynanchum mevei'' Liede * ''Cynanchum meyeri'' (Decne.)

* ''Cynanchum microstemma'' (Nikolai Turczaninow, Turcz.) Morillo * ''Cynanchum minahassae''

* ''Cynanchum montevidense'' Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel, Spreng. * ''Cynanchum moramangense'' Choux * ''Cynanchum moratii'' Liede * ''Cynanchum morilloi'' P.T.Li * ''Cynanchum mossambicense''

* ''Cynanchum muricatum'' (Carl Ludwig Blume, Blume) Boerl. * ''Cynanchum napiferum'' Choux * ''Cynanchum natalitium''

* ''Cynanchum nematostemma'' Liede * ''Cynanchum nielsenii'' Morillo * ''Cynanchum obovatum'' (Decne.) Choux * ''Cynanchum obtusifolium'' Carl Linnaeus the Younger, L.f. * ''Cynanchum officinale'' (William Hemsley (botanist), Hemsl.) Ying Tsiang, Tsiang & H.D.Zhang * ''Cynanchum orangeanum'' (

)

* ''Cynanchum oresbium'' ( Bruyns) Goyder * ''Cynanchum otophyllum''

* ''Cynanchum ovalifolium''

* ''Cynanchum pachycladon'' Choux * ''Cynanchum pamirense'' Ying Tsiang, Tsiang & H.D.Zhang * ''Cynanchum papillatum'' Choux * ''Cynanchum paramorum'' Morillo * ''Cynanchum pearsonianum'' Liede & Meve * ''Cynanchum pedunculatum'' R.Br. * ''Cynanchum peraffine''

* ''Cynanchum perrieri'' Choux * ''Cynanchum petignatii'' Liede & Rauh * ''Cynanchum phillipsonianum'' Liede & Meve * ''Cynanchum physocarpum''

* ''Cynanchum pichi-sermollianum'' (Raimondo & Fici) Liede & Khanum * ''Cynanchum pietrangelii'' Morillo * ''Cynanchum polyanthum''

* ''Cynanchum praecox''

ex Spencer Le Marchant Moore, S.Moore * ''Cynanchum prevostii'' Morillo * ''Cynanchum puberulum'' Ferdinand von Mueller, F.Muell. ex

* ''Cynanchum pulchellum'' (Nathaniel Wallich, Wall.) Liede & Khanum * ''Cynanchum purpureiflorum'' Morillo * ''Cynanchum purpureum'' (Peter Simon Pallas, Pall.)

* ''Cynanchum pusilum'' Valery Ivanovitsch Grubov, Grubov * ''Cynanchum pycnoneuroides'' Choux * ''Cynanchum racemosum'' (Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, Jacq.) Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, Jacq. * ''Cynanchum radians'' (Peter Forsskål, Forssk.) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Lam. * ''Cynanchum radiatum'' Jum. & H.Perrier * ''Cynanchum rauhianum'' Desc. * ''Cynanchum rensonii'' (Henri François Pittier, Pittier)

* ''Cynanchum repandum'' (Decne.)

* ''Cynanchum resiliens'' (B.R.Adams & R.W.K.Holland) Goyder * ''Cynanchum revoilii'' (Adrien René Franchet, Franch.) Khanum & Liede * ''Cynanchum riometense'' Sundell * ''Cynanchum rioparanense'' Sundell * ''Cynanchum rossii'' Rauh * (Nikolai Turczaninow, Turcz.) Liede & Khanum * ''Cynanchum roulinioides'' (Eugène Pierre Nicolas Fournier, E.Fourn.) Rapini * ''Cynanchum rubricoronae'' Liede * ''Cynanchum rungweense'' Arthur Allman Bullock, Bullock * ''Cynanchum sahyadricum'' (Ansari & Hemadri) Liede & Khanum * ''Cynanchum sarcomedium'' Meve & Liede * ''Cynanchum schistoglossum''

* ''Cynanchum scopulosum'' Jean Marie Bosser, Bosser * ''Cynanchum sessiliflorum'' (Decne.) Liede * ''Cynanchum sigridiae'' Meve & M.Teissier * ''Cynanchum sinoracemosum'' M.G.Gilbert & P.T.Li * ''Cynanchum socotranum'' (John Jacob Lavranos, Lavranos) Meve & Liede * ''Cynanchum somaliense'' (

)

* ''Cynanchum staubii'' Jean Marie Bosser, Bosser * ''Cynanchum stauntonii'' * ''Cynanchum stenospira''

* ''Cynanchum stoloniferum'' (B.R.Adams & R.W.K.Holland) Goyder * ''Cynanchum subpaniculatum''

* ''Cynanchum subtilis'' Liede * ''Cynanchum suluense''

* ''Cynanchum sumbawanum'' Otto Warburg (botanist), Warb. * ''Cynanchum surrubriflorum'' W.D.Stevens * ''Cynanchum szechuanense'' Ying Tsiang, Tsiang & H.D.Zhang * ''Cynanchum tamense'' Morillo * ''Cynanchum thruppii'' (Daniel Oliver (botanist), Oliv.) Khanum & Liede * ''Cynanchum toliari'' Liede & Meve * ''Cynanchum trollii'' Liede & Meve * ''Cynanchum tsaratananense'' Choux * ''Cynanchum tuberculatum'' (Carl Ludwig Blume, Blume) Boerl. * ''Cynanchum tunicatum'' (Anders Jahan Retzius, Retz.) Arthur Hugh Garfit Alston, Alston * ''Cynanchum umtalense'' Liede * ''Cynanchum unguiculatum'' (Nathaniel Lord Britton, Britton) Friedrich Markgraf, Markgr. * ''Cynanchum utahense'' – Utah swallow-wort or Utah vine milkweed * ''Cynanchum vanlessenii'' (John Jacob Lavranos, Lavranos) Goyder * ''Cynanchum verrucosum'' (Desc.) Liede & Meve * ''Cynanchum viminale'' ( L.) L. * ''Cynanchum violator'' R.W.Holm * ''Cynanchum virens'' (Ernst Heinrich Friedrich Meyer, E.Mey.) David Nathaniel Friedrich Dietrich, D.Dietr. * ''Cynanchum wallichii''

* ''Cynanchum warburgii''

* ''Cynanchum wilfordii'' (Karl Maximovich, Maxim.) Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hook.f. * ''Cynanchum zeyheri''

References

External links

''Cynanchum'' at Flora of China
{{Taxonbar, from=Q285262 Cynanchum, Apocynaceae genera