The Cyclopoida are an order of small
crustacean
Crustaceans (from Latin meaning: "those with shells" or "crusted ones") are invertebrate animals that constitute one group of arthropods that are traditionally a part of the subphylum Crustacea (), a large, diverse group of mainly aquatic arthrop ...
s from the class
Copepod
Copepods (; meaning 'oar-feet') are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat (ecology), habitat. Some species are planktonic (living in the water column), some are benthos, benthic (living on the sedimen ...
a. Like many other copepods, members of Cyclopoida are small,
plankton
Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms that drift in Hydrosphere, water (or atmosphere, air) but are unable to actively propel themselves against ocean current, currents (or wind). The individual organisms constituting plankton are ca ...
ic
animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Biology, biological Kingdom (biology), kingdom Animalia (). With few exceptions, animals heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, ...
s living both in the sea and in freshwater
habitats
In ecology, habitat refers to the array of resources, biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species' habitat can be seen as the physical manifestation of its ...
. They are capable of rapid movement. Their
larval development is metamorphic, and the
embryo
An embryo ( ) is the initial stage of development for a multicellular organism. In organisms that reproduce sexually, embryonic development is the part of the life cycle that begins just after fertilization of the female egg cell by the male sp ...
s are carried in paired or single sacs attached to first abdominal
somite
The somites (outdated term: primitive segments) are a set of bilaterally paired blocks of paraxial mesoderm that form in the embryogenesis, embryonic stage of somitogenesis, along the head-to-tail axis in segmentation (biology), segmented animals. ...
.
Distinguishing features
Cyclopoids are distinguished from other copepods by having first antennae shorter than the length of the head and thorax, and uniramous second antennae. The main joint lies between the fourth and fifth segments of the body.
Taxonomy
Cyclopoida contains 30
families:
*
Archinotodelphyidae Lang, 1949
*
Ascidicolidae Thorell, 1859
*
Botryllophilidae Sars G.O., 1921
*
Buproridae Thorell, 1859
*
Chitonophilidae Avdeev & Sirenko, 1991
*
Chordeumiidae Boxshall, 1988
*
Corallovexiidae Stock, 1975
*
Cucumaricolidae Bouligand & Delamare-Deboutteville, 1959
*
Cyclopettidae Martínez Arbizu, 2000
*
Cyclopicinidae Khodami, Vaun MacArthur, Blanco-Bercial & Martinez Arbizu, 2017
*
Cyclopidae Rafinesque, 1815
*
Cyclopinidae Sars G.O., 1913
*
Enterognathidae Illg & Dudley, 1980
*
Enteropsidae Thorell, 1859
*
Fratiidae Ho, Conradi & López-González, 1998
*
Giselinidae Martínez Arbizu, 2000
*
Hemicyclopinidae Martínez Arbizu, 2001
*
Lernaeidae Cobbold, 1879
*
Mantridae Leigh-Sharpe, 1934
*
Micrallectidae Huys, 2001
*
Notodelphyidae Dana, 1853
*
Oithonidae Dana, 1853
*
Ozmanidae Ho & Thatcher, 1989
*
Paralubbockiidae Boxshall & Huys, 1989
*
Psammocyclopinidae Martínez Arbizu, 2001
*
Pterinopsyllidae Sars G.O., 1913
*
Schminkepinellidae Martínez Arbizu, 2006
*
Smirnovipinidae Khodami, Vaun MacArthur, Blanco-Bercial & Martinez Arbizu, 2017
*
Speleoithonidae Rocha & Iliffe, 1991
*
Thaumatopsyllidae Sars G.O., 1913
* Cyclopoida ''
incertae sedis
or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...
'' – 8 genera
Several more families are included in suborder
Poecilostomatoida, a temporary name for the "poecilostome lineage"
The Poecilostomatoida were previously treated as a separate order, but molecular phylogenies show that this lineage is nested within the Cyclopoida.
References
External links
Cyclopoida fact sheet - Guide to the marine zooplankton of south eastern AustraliaCyclopoida pictures
{{Authority control
Crustacean orders