Cyclanthaceae is a family of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody stem), grasses and grass-like plants, a vast majority of ...

Taxonomy

Earlier systems, such as the

Cronquist system The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in a series of monographs and texts, including ''The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants'' (1968; 2nd edition, 1988) ...

and the

Takhtajan system A system of plant taxonomy, the Takhtajan system of plant classification was published by Armen Takhtajan, in several versions from the 1950s onwards. It is usually compared to the Cronquist system. It admits paraphyletic groups. Systems The ...

, placed it as the sole family in the order Cyclanthales. In the classification system of Dahlgren the Cyclanthaceae were the sole family of the order Cyclanthales in the

superorder Order ( la, ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and ...

Cyclanthiflorae (also called Cyclanthanae). The

APG system The APG system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system) of plant classification is the first version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy. Published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, it was replaced by the improved ...

(1998) and the

APG II system The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Gr ...

(2003) assign it to the order

Pandanales Pandanales, the pandans or screw-pines, is an order of flowering plants placed in the monocot clade in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web systems. Within the monocots Pandanales are grouped in the lilioid monocots whe ...

in the clade

monocots Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, ( Lilianae ''sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. They constitute one of ...

. The family occurs in the

neotropics The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bi ...

and consists of 12 genera with a total of ca 230 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ).

Subdivision

Genera *'' Asplundia'' Harling *'' Carludovica'' Ruiz & Pav. *'' Chorigyne'' R.Erikss. *'' Cyclanthus'' Poit. *'' Dianthoveus'' Hammel & Wilder *'' Dicranopygium'' Harling *'' Evodianthus'' Oerst. *'' Ludovia'' Brongn. *'' Schultesiophytum'' Harling *'' Sphaeradenia'' Harling *'' Stelestylis'' Drude *'' Thoracocarpus'' Harling

Cultivation and uses

The family is probably best known for ''

Carludovica palmata ''Carludovica palmata'' (Panama hat plant or toquilla palm) is a palm-like monocot plant. It is not a true palm. Its leaves are different from the leaves of true palms, and unlike true palms it does not develop a woody trunk. Its female flowers ...

'', the young leaves of which are made into

Panama hat A Panama hat, also known as an Ecuadorian hat, a jipijapa hat, or a toquilla straw hat, is a traditional brimmed straw hat of Ecuadorian origin. Traditionally, hats were made from the plaited leaves of the '' Carludovica palmata'' plant, kno ...

s. An unidentified species belonging to this family (possibly a ''Carludovica'' species) has been marketed as a

houseplant A houseplant, sometimes known as a pot plant, potted plant, or an indoor plant, is an ornamental plant that is grown indoors. As such, they are found in places like residences and offices, mainly for decorative purposes. Common houseplants are us ...

in the United States under the name "Jungle Drum". '' Carludovica divergens'' is added to some versions of the hallucinogenic drink

Ayahuasca AyahuascaPronounced as in the UK and in the US. Also occasionally known in English as ''ayaguasca'' ( Spanish-derived), ''aioasca'' (Brazilian Portuguese-derived), or as ''yagé'', pronounced or . Etymologically, all forms but ''yagé'' desce ...

References

Bibliography

Cyclanthaceae
in L. Watson and M. J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards)
''The families of flowering plants''

NCBI Taxonomy Browser: CyclanthaceaeCSDL, Texas: Cyclanthaceae
* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q849471 Monocot families