Cybister Mocquerysi
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''Cybister'' ('kybistētēr' = diver, tumbler), is a genus of
beetle Beetles are insects that form the Taxonomic rank, order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Holometabola. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 40 ...
in family
Dytiscidae The Dytiscidae, from the Ancient Greek word δυτικός (''dystikos''), meaning "able to dive", are the predaceous diving beetles, a family of water beetles. They occur in virtually any freshwater habitat around the world, but a few species l ...
. They are found in much of the world, including all continents except Antarctica. As of 2024 there are 98 species and 9 additional subspecies among four subgenera in the genus.


Description

Adult ''Cybister'' have broad hind legs with unequal tarsal claws (the inner claw being smaller and sometimes absent) and a fringe on the outer margin of the tarsus. They range in length up to 43 mm ('' C. bimaculatus'' from the
Afrotropics The Afrotropical realm is one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Sub-Saharan Africa, the southern Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. It was formerly known as the Ethiopi ...
). Adult males of the North American species have several ridges on the coxae of the hind legs, forming a stridulatory device. Larvae have a frontal tooth on the head and lack cerci. North American species can grow up to 80 mm long.


Ecology

''Cybister'' live in lentic (still fresh water) habitats that have vegetation. Like other diving beetles, ''Cybister'' are
predatory Predation is a biological interaction in which one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill ...
. Larvae of '' C. japonicus'' prey on insects (mainly Odonata nymphs and the
backswimmer Notonectidae is a cosmopolitan family of aquatic insects in the order Hemiptera, commonly called backswimmers because they swim "upside down" (inverted). They are all predators and typically range from in length. They are similar in appearance t ...
'' Notonecta triguttata'') in their first two
instars An instar (, from the Latin ''wikt:instar#Latin, īnstar'' 'form, likeness') is a developmental stage of arthropods, such as insects, which occurs between each ecdysis, moult (''ecdysis'') until sexual maturity is reached. Arthropods must shed the ...
, while third-instar larvae prey on vertebrates (tadpoles and fish). Larvae of '' C. rugosus'' feed on both invertebrates and vertebrates in all instars.


Importance

''Cybister chinensis'' (sometimes misidentified as ''C. japonicus'') is used in a game in
Korea Korea is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically Division of Korea, divided at or near the 38th parallel north, 3 ...
. The water beetle game (''mul bang gae nori'') is played in an oval, water-filled tank with vertical flanges along its inner edge and prizes on the tank rim. The game is played by dropping a ''C. chinensis'' through a funnel into the center of the tank, after which it swims towards the edge of the tank and stops in one of the slots formed by the metal flanges. If a prize is above this slot, the player wins it. The swimming behaviour of '' C. lateralimarginalis'' has inspired (
biomimetics Biomimetics or biomimicry is the emulation of the models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems. The terms "biomimetics" and "biomimicry" are derived from (''bios''), life, and μίμησις (''mimes ...
) the design of a legged underwater robot.


List of species


Subgenus ''Cybister'' Curtis, 1827

* '' Cybister alluaudi'' Guignot, 1936 * '' Cybister bengalensis'' Aubé, 1838 * '' Cybister buqueti'' Aubé, 1838 * '' Cybister cardoni'' Severin, 1890 * '' Cybister celebensis'' Sharp, 1882 * '' Cybister cephalotes'' Sharp, 1882 * '' Cybister chinensis'' Motschulsky, 1854 * '' Cybister cinctus'' Sharp, 1882 * '' Cybister cognatus'' Sharp, 1882 * '' Cybister concessor'' Guignot, 1947 * '' Cybister confusus'' Sharp, 1882 * '' Cybister crassipes'' Sharp, 1882 * '' Cybister crassiusculus'' Régimbart, 1895 * '' Cybister dejeanii'' Aubé, 1838 * '' Cybister dytiscoides'' Sharp, 1882 * '' Cybister ellipticus'' LeConte, 1852 * '' Cybister explanatus'' LeConte, 1852 * '' Cybister extenuans'' (Walker, 1858) * '' Cybister favareli'' Guignot, 1936 * '' Cybister fimbriolatus'' (Say, 1823) * '' Cybister fumatus'' Sharp, 1882 * '' Cybister godeffroyi'' (Wehncke, 1876) * '' Cybister gracilis'' Sharp, 1882 * '' Cybister gschwendtneri'' Guignot, 1935 * '' Cybister guerini'' Aubé, 1838 * '' Cybister guignoti'' Gschwendtner, 1936 ** ''Cybister guignoti pseudosenegalensis'' Guignot, 1936 * '' Cybister hypomelas'' Régimbart, 1892 * '' Cybister janczyki'' Mouchamps, 1957 * '' Cybister javanus'' Aubé, 1838 * '' Cybister laevis'' Falkenström, 1936 * ''
Cybister lateralimarginalis ''Cybister lateralimarginalis'' is a species of beetle native to the Palearctic The Palearctic or Palaearctic is a biogeographic realm of the Earth, the largest of eight. Confined almost entirely to the Eastern Hemisphere, it stretches acr ...
'' (De Geer, 1774) ** ''Cybister lateralimarginalis ponticus'' Sharp, 1882 ** ''Cybister lateralimarginalis torquatus'' (Fischer von Waldheim, 1829) * '' Cybister lewisianus'' Sharp, 1873 * '' Cybister limbatus'' (Fabricius, 1775) * '' Cybister loxidiscus'' Wilke, 1920 * '' Cybister natalensis'' (Wehncke, 1876) * '' Cybister nebulosus'' Gschwendtner, 1931 * '' Cybister occidentalis'' Aubé, 1838 * '' Cybister pectoralis'' Sharp, 1882 * '' Cybister pederzanii'' Rocchi, 1979 * '' Cybister poblanus'' Arce-Pérez, Novelo-Gutiérrez, & Fery, 2021 * '' Cybister reichei'' Aubé, 1838 * '' Cybister rugosus'' (W.S.Macleay, 1825) * '' Cybister rugulosus'' (Redtenbacher, 1844) * '' Cybister schoutedeni'' Gschwendtner, 1932 * '' Cybister semiaciculatus'' Schaufuss, 1887 * '' Cybister senegalensis'' Aubé, 1838 * '' Cybister straeleni'' Guignot, 1952 * '' Cybister tibialis'' Sharp, 1882 * '' Cybister tripunctatus'' (Olivier, 1795) ** ''Cybister tripunctatus africanus'' Laporte, 1835 ** ''Cybister tripunctatus lateralis'' (Fabricius, 1798) ** ''Cybister tripunctatus temnenkii'' Aubé, 1838 * '' Cybister ventralis'' Sharp, 1882 * '' Cybister weckwerthi'' Hendrich, 1997 * '' Cybister wittmeri'' Brancucci, 1979 * '' Cybister yulensis'' Guignot, 1956


Subgenus ''Megadytoides'' Brinck, 1945

* '' Cybister marginicollis'' Boheman, 1848


Subgenus ''Melanectes'' Brinck, 1945

* '' Cybister alemon'' Guignot, 1948 * '' Cybister aterrimus'' Régimbart, 1899 * '' Cybister basilewskyi'' Guignot, 1950 * '' Cybister bellicosus'' Guignot, 1947 * '' Cybister bimaculatus'' Aubé, 1838 * '' Cybister blotei'' Guignot, 1936 * '' Cybister brevis'' Aubé, 1838 * '' Cybister burgeoni'' Guignot, 1947 * '' Cybister convexus'' Sharp, 1882 * '' Cybister danxiaensis'' Jiang, Zhao, Mai, Jia & Hendrich, 2023 * '' Cybister dehaanii'' Aubé, 1838 * '' Cybister desjardinsii'' Aubé, 1838 * '' Cybister dissentiens'' Mouchamps, 1957 * '' Cybister distinctus'' Régimbart, 1878 * '' Cybister ertli'' Zimmermann, 1917 * '' Cybister feraudi'' Guignot, 1934 * '' Cybister griphodes'' Guignot, 1942 * '' Cybister immarginatus'' Fabricius, 1798) * '' Cybister insignis'' Sharp, 1882 ** ''Cybister insignis caprai'' Guignot, 1949 ** ''Cybister insignis purpureovirgatus'' Guignot, 1946 * '' Cybister irritans'' (Dohrn, 1875) * '' Cybister longulus'' Gschwendtner, 1932 * '' Cybister lynceus'' J.Balfour-Browne, 1950 * '' Cybister mesomelas'' Guignot, 1942 * '' Cybister mocquerysi'' Régimbart, 1895 * '' Cybister modestus'' Sharp, 1882 * '' Cybister nigrescens'' Gschwendtner, 1933 * '' Cybister nigripes'' Wehncke, 1876 * '' Cybister operosus'' Sharp, 1882 * '' Cybister owas'' Laporte, 1835 * '' Cybister papuanus'' Guignot, 1956 * '' Cybister pinguis'' Régimbart, 1895 * '' Cybister posticus'' Aubé, 1838 * '' Cybister procax'' Guignot, 1947 **''Cybister procax vicinatus'' Mouchamps, 1957 * '' Cybister prolixus'' Sharp, 1882 * '' Cybister semirugosus'' Harold, 1878 * '' Cybister siamensis'' Sharp, 1882 * '' Cybister smaragdinus'' Régimbart, 1895 * '' Cybister sugillatus'' Erichson, 1834 * '' Cybister sumatrensis'' Régimbart, 1883 * '' Cybister thermolytes'' Guignot, 1947 * '' Cybister vicinus'' Zimmermann, 1917 * '' Cybister vulneratus'' Klug, 1834 * '' Cybister zimmermanni'' Mouchamps, 1957


Subgenus ''Neocybister'' K.B. Miller, Bergsten & Whiting, 2007

* '' Cybister festae'' Griffini, 1895 * '' Cybister puncticollis'' (Brullé, 1837)


Subgenus unknown

* '' Cybister parvus'' Trémouilles, 1984


Fossil species

These seven extinct species are known only from fossils: * †'' Cybister agassizi'' Heer, 1862 * †'' Cybister atavus'' Heer, 1862 * †'' Cybister fractus'' Riha, 1974 * †'' Cybister imperfectus'' Riha, 1974 * †'' Cybister mancus'' Riha, 1974 * †'' Cybister nicoleti'' Heer, 1862 * †'' Cybister rotundatus'' Riha, 1974


References


External links


''Cybister'' on Fauna Europaea''Cybister'' on BugGuide.Net


* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q1188989 Dytiscidae genera Dytiscidae