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This is a list of fossils found at
Maotianshan Shales The Maotianshan Shales are a series of Early Cambrian deposits in the Chiungchussu Formation, famous for their '' Konservat Lagerstätten'', deposits known for the exceptional preservation of fossilized organisms or traces. The Maotianshan Shale ...
, whose most famous assemblage of organisms are referred to as the Chengjiang biota.Fossils of the Chengjiang Maotianshan Shale
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Phylum

Arthropoda Arthropods (, (gen. ποδός)) are invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, a Segmentation (biology), segmented body, and paired jointed appendages. Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda. They are distinguished by their jointed limbs and Arth ...

80 species, not counting Dinocarida, Nektaspida and Trilobita * '' Acanthomeridion serratum'' * ''
Alalcomenaeus ''Alalcomenaeus'' is one of the most widespread and longest-surviving arthropod genera of the Early and Middle Cambrian. Known from over 300 specimens in the Burgess Shale and the Chengjiang biota. it is a member of the group Megacheira. Morphol ...
'' * '' Almenia spinosa'' * '' Apiocephalus elegans'' * '' Branchiocaris yunnanensis'' * '' Canadaspis laevigata'' * '' Chengjiangocaris longiformis'' * '' Chuandianella ovata'' * '' Cindarella eucalla'' * '' Clypecaris pteroidea'' * '' Combinivalvula chengjiangensis'' * '' Comptaluta inflata'' * ''
Comptaluta leshanensis ''Comptaluta'' is an extinct genus of Cambrian bradoriid arthropod that is a member of the Chengjiang biota. Two species have been described: ''C. kailiensis'' and ''C. inflata''. See also * Arthropod * Cambrian explosion * Chengjiang biota * ...
'' * '' Cyathocepalus bispinosus'' * '' Dianchia mirabilis'' * '' Diplopyge'' ** ''D. forcipatus'' ** ''D. minutus'' * '' Dongshanocaris foliiformis'' * '' Ercaia minuscula'' * '' Ercaicunia multinodosa'' * ''
Forfexicaris valida ''Forfexicaris valida'' is a species of Lower Cambrian arthropod, the only species in the family Forfexicarididae. It is known from only two specimens from the Maotianshan shale '. Description ''F. valida'' had a bivalved carapace, like that seen ...
'' * '' Fortiforceps foliosa'' * '' Fuxianhuia protensa'' * '' Glossocaris occulatus'' * '' Haikoucaris ercaiensis'' * ''
Isoxys ''Isoxys'' (meaning "equal surfaces") is a genus of extinct bivalved Cambrian arthropod; the various species of which are thought to have been freely swimming predators. It had a pair of large spherical eyes (which are the most commonly preserv ...
'' ** ''I. auritus'' ** ''I. curvirostratus'' ** ''I. paradoxus'' * '' Jianfengia multisegmentalis'' * '' Jianshania furcatus'' * '' Jiucunella paulula'' * ''
Kuamaia ''Kuamaia'' is an extinct genus of artiopodan in the phylum Arthropoda. Fossils of the type species ''K. lata'' were discovered in the Chengjiang biota. The other species in the genus,''K. muricata'' has also been identified there, but neither ...
'' ** ''K. lata'' ** ''K. muricata'' * '' Kuanyangia pustulosa'' * '' Kunmingella'' ** ''K. angustacostata'' ** ''K. douvillei'' ** ''K. guanshanensis'' * '' Kunmingocaris bispinosus'' * '' Kunyangella cheni'' * '' Leanchoilia'' ** ''L. asiatica'' ** ''L. illecebrosa'' * '' Liangshanella liangshenensis'' * '' Mafangia subscalaria'' * '' Mafangocaris multinodus'' * '' Malongella bituerculata'' * '' Occacaris oviformis'' * '' Ovalicephalis mirabilis'' * ''
Panlongia ''Panlongia'' was a small-sized (up to 2 cm) marine arthropod, with an oval-shaped non-calcified exoskeleton. Both the head shield (or cephalon) and the tail shield (or pygidium) are semi-circular. In between the cephalon and pygidium ar ...
'' ** ''P. spinosa'' ** ''P. tetranudosa'' * '' Parakunmingella malongensis'' * '' Parapaleomerus sinensis'' * ''
Pectocaris spatiosa ''Pectocaris'' is a genus of extinct bivalved arthropod from the Cambrian Maotianshan Shale, Yunnan Province of China. There are currently three known species within the genus. Discovery The first species in the genus, ''Pectocaris spatiosa ...
'' * '' Pisinnocaris subconigera'' * '' Primicaris larvaformis'' * '' Pseudoiulia cambriensis'' * '' Pterotum triacanthus'' * '' Pygmaclypeatus daiensis'' * '' Retifacies abnormalis'' * '' Rhombicalvaria acanthi'' * '' Saperion glumaceum'' * '' Sidneyia sinica'' * '' Sinoburius lunaris'' * '' Skioldia aldna'' * '' Spinokunmingella typica'' * '' Sunella grandis'' * '' Squamacula clypeata'' * '' Synophalos xynos'' * '' Syrrhaptis intes'' * '' Tanglangia caudata'' * '' Tauricornicaris'' ** ''T. latizonae'' ** ''T. oxygonae'' * '' Trigoides aclis'' * '' Tsunyiella daindongensis'' * '' Tuzoia sinensis'' * '' Urokodia aequalis'' * '' Wutingella binodosa'' * '' Xandarella spectaculum'' * '' Yiliangocaris ellipticus'' * '' Yunnanocaris megista''


Class

Dinocaridida DinocarididaGreek, "Terrible crabs" – sometimes informally spelt Dinocarida, but the second 'id' is linguistically correct – see is a proposed fossil taxon of basal arthropods that flourished in the Cambrian period with occasional Ordovici ...

* ''
Amplectobelua symbrachiata ''Amplectobelua'' (meaning "embracing beast") is an extinct genus of late Early Cambrian amplectobeluid radiodont, a group of stem arthropods that mostly lived as free-swimming predators during the first half of the Paleozoic Era. Anatomy Th ...
'' * '' Cucumericrus decoratus'' * ''
Houcaris saron ''Houcaris'' is a genus of tamisiocarididid radiodonts known from Cambrian Series 2 of China and the United States. It contains two species, ''Houcaris saron'' and ''Houcaris magnabasis'', both of which were originally named as species of the rel ...
'' * '' Innovatiocaris maotianshanensis'' * '' Innovatiocaris? multispiniformis'' * '' Laminacaris chimera'' * '' Lenisicaris lupata'' * '' Lyrarapax unguispinus'' * '' Lyrarapax trilobus'' * ''
Omnidens amplus ''Omnidens amplus'', meaning "large all-tooth", is an extinct species of large Cambrian animal known only from a series of large mouth apparatus, originally mistaken as the mouthparts of anomalocaridids. When first named, it was interpreted as a ...
'' * '' Ramskoeldia consimilis'' * '' Ramskoeldia platyacantha''


Class

Nektaspida Nektaspida (also called Naraoiida, Nektaspia and Nectaspida) is an extinct order of non- mineralised artiopodan arthropods. They are known from the mid-Cambrian to the upper Silurian. Originally classified as trilobites, which they superficially ...

2 species * '' Misszhouia longicaudata'' * '' Naraoia spinosa''


Class

Trilobita Trilobites (; meaning "three lobes") are extinct marine arthropods that form the class Trilobita. Trilobites form one of the earliest-known groups of arthropods. The first appearance of trilobites in the fossil record defines the base of the At ...

6 species * '' Eoredlichia intermedia'' * '' Kuanyangia pustulosa'' * '' Palaeolenus lantenoisi'' * '' Tsunyidiscus aclis'' * '' Wutingaspis tingi'' * '' Yunnanocephalus yunnanensis''


Phylum Brachiopoda

5 species * '' Diandongia pista'' * '' Heliomedusa orienta'' * '' Lingulella chengjiangensis'' * '' Lingulellotreta malongensis'' * '' Longtancunella chengjiangensis''


Clade Gnathifera

2 species * '' Amiskwia sinica'' * '' Eognathacantha ercainella''


Phylum

Cnidaria Cnidaria () is a phylum under kingdom Animalia containing over 11,000 species of aquatic animals found both in Fresh water, freshwater and Marine habitats, marine environments, predominantly the latter. Their distinguishing feature is cnidocyt ...

3 species * '' Archisaccophyllia kunmingensis'' * '' Nailiana'' * '' Priscapennamarina'' * '' Xianguangia sinica''


Phylum

Chordata A chordate () is an animal of the phylum Chordata (). All chordates possess, at some point during their larval or adult stages, five synapomorphies, or primary physical characteristics, that distinguish them from all the other taxa. These five ...

9 species * '' Cathaymyrus'' ** ''C. diadexus'' ** ''C. haikouensis'' * '' Haikouella'' ** ''H. jianshanensis'' ** ''H. lanceolata'' * ''
Haikouichthys ercaicunensis ''Haikouichthys'' is an extinct genus of craniate (animals with notochords and distinct heads) that lived 518 million years ago, during the Cambrian explosion of multicellular life. ''Haikouichthys'' had a defined skull and other characteristic ...
'' * '' Myllokunmingia fengjiaoa'' * '' Shankouclava anningense'' (a
tunicate A tunicate is a marine invertebrate animal, a member of the subphylum Tunicata (). It is part of the Chordata, a phylum which includes all animals with dorsal nerve cords and notochords (including vertebrates). The subphylum was at one time ...
) * ''
Zhongjianichthys rostratus ''Zhongjianichthys rostratus'' is an extinct basal chordate that lived in the Cambrian period, approximately 518 million years ago. It is sometimes regarded as an early fish, and therefore as one of the first vertebrates. ''Zhongjianichthys'' is ...
'' * '' Zhongxiniscus intermedius''


Phylum

Ctenophora Ctenophora (; ctenophore ; ) comprise a phylum of marine invertebrates, commonly known as comb jellies, that inhabit sea waters worldwide. They are notable for the groups of cilia they use for swimming (commonly referred to as "combs"), and ...

3 species * '' Maotianoascus octonarius'' * '' Sinoascus paillatus'' * '' Stromatoveris psygmoglena''


Phylum Entoprocta

1 species * '' Cotyledion tylodes''


Phylum

Echinoderm An echinoderm () is any member of the phylum Echinodermata (). The adults are recognisable by their (usually five-point) radial symmetry, and include starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers, as well as the s ...
ata

2 species * '' Dianchicystis jianshanensis'' * ''
Vetulocystis catenata ''Vetulocystis'' is an extinct genus of vetulocystids. It was found in remains of Shankou, in Anning (Cambrian of China). Approximately 541 Ma. Phylogeny See also *Vetulicola ''Vetulicola'' is an extinct genus of marine animal from the ...
''


Phylum Hemichordata

2 species * '' Galeaplumosus abilus'' * '' Yunnanozoon lividum''


Phylum

Hyolitha Hyoliths are animals with small conical shells, known as fossils from the Palaeozoic era. They are at least considered as lophotrochozoan, and possibly being lophophorates, a group which includes the brachiopods, while others consider them as be ...

8 species * '' Ambrolinevitus'' ** ''A. maximus'' ** ''A. platypluteus'' ** ''A. ventricosus'' * '' Burithes yunnanensis'' * '' Glossolithes magnus'' * '' Linevitus'' ** ''L. billingsi'' ** ''L. flabellaris'' ** ''L. opimus''


Phylum

Lobopodia The lobopodians, members of the informal group Lobopodia (from the Greek, meaning "blunt feet"), or the formally erected phylum Lobopoda Cavalier-Smith (1998), are panarthropods with stubby legs called lobopods, a term which may also be used as ...

10 species, not counting ''Omnidens'' * ''
Cardiodictyon catenulum ''Cardiodictyon'' is a genus of lobopodian known from 518 millions years old Chengjiang Lagerstätte. 525 millions years old partial fossil is also reported. It has ~25 pairs of legs, each associated with a pair of dorsal plates. Each leg term ...
'' * '' Diania cactiformis'' * '' Facivermis yunnanicus'' * '' Hallucigenia fortis'' * '' Jianshanopodia decorata'' * ''
Lenisambulatrix humboldti ''Lenisambulatrix'' (Humboldt lobopodian) is a genus of extinct worm belonging to the group Lobopodia and known from the Lower Cambrian Maotianshan shale of China. It is represented by a single species ''L. humboldti''. The incomplete fossil was ...
'' * '' Luolishania longicruris'' * '' Microdictyon sinicum'' * '' Onychodictyon ferox'' * ''
Paucipodia inermis ''Paucipodia inermis'' is a lobopod known from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang lagerstätte. Its gut is puzzling; in some places, it is preserved in three dimensions, infilled with sediment; whereas in others it may be flat. These cannot result fr ...
''


Phylum Mollusca

* ''Orthrozanclus elongata'' * '' Petalilium latus'' * ''Wiwaxia papilio''


Phylum

Nematomorpha Nematomorpha (sometimes called Gordiacea, and commonly known as horsehair worms, hairsnakes, or Gordian worms) are a phylum of parasitoid animals superficially similar to nematode worms in morphology, hence the name. Most species range in siz ...

3 species * ''
Cricocosmia jinningensis ''Cricocosmia'' is a genus of palaeoscolecid worm from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang biota. Fossils of prehistoric ''Cricocosmia'' species were found in the Cambrian, Cambrian period Maotianshan shale, Maotianshan Shale geologic formation in Ch ...
'' * ''
Maotianshania cylindrica ''Maotianshania cylindrica'' is an extinct worm-like creature of average size (up to long and wide). It occurs in the Lower Cambrian (Atdabanian) Chengjiang biota of Northeastern Yunnan, China. It is usually preserved as pink impression. The ...
'' * '' Palaeoscolex sinensis''


Phylum Phoronida

1 species * '' Iotuba chengjiangensis''


Phylum

Porifera Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate throug ...

15 species * '' Allantospongia mica'' *'' Choia xiaolantianensis'' *'' Choiaella radiata'' * ''
Hazelia ''Hazelia'' is a genus of spicular Cambrian demosponge known from the Burgess Shale, the Marjum formation The Marjum Formation is a Cambrian geological formation that overlies the Wheeler Shale in the House Range, Utah. It is known for its oc ...
'' * '' Leptomitella'' ** ''Leptomitella confusa'' ** ''Leptomitella conica'' ** ''Leptomitella metta'' * '' Leptomitus teretiusculus'' * '' Paraleptomitella'' ** ''Paraleptomitella dictyodroma'' ** ''Paraleptomitella globula'' * '' Quadrolaminiella'' ** ''Quadrolaminiella crassa'' ** ''Quadrolaminiella diagonalis'' * '' Saetaspongia densa'' * '' Sinfoflabrum antiquum'' * '' Triticispongia diagonata''


Phylum

Priapulida Priapulida (priapulid worms, from Gr. πριάπος, ''priāpos'' ' Priapus' + Lat. ''-ul-'', diminutive), sometimes referred to as penis worms, is a phylum of unsegmented marine worms. The name of the phylum relates to the Greek god of fertilit ...

16 species * '' Acosmia maotiania'' * '' Archotuba conoidalis'' * ''
Corynetis brevis ''Corynetis'' is a genus of archaeopriapulid Archaeopriapulida is a group of priapulid-like worms known from Cambrian lagerstätte. The group is closely related to, and very similar to, the modern Priapulids. It is unclear whether it is mono ...
'' * '' Gantoucunia aspera'' * '' Lagenula triolata'' * '' Oligonodus specialis'' * '' Paraselkirkia jinningensis'' * '' Palaeopriapulites parvus'' * '' Protopriapulites haikouensis'' * '' Sandaokania latinodosa'' * '' Selkirkia'' ** ''Selkirkia elongata'' ** ''Selkirkia sinica'' * '' Sicyophorus rarus'' * ''
Xiaoheiqingella peculiaris ''Xiaoheiqingella'' is a taxon of priapulid known from the Chengjiang biota; synonymous with ''Yunnanpriapulus'', and thought to belong to the priapulid crown group. References

Priapulida Maotianshan shales fossils Prehistoric protostome ...
'' * '' Xishania longgiusula'' * '' Yunnanopriapulus halteroformis''


Phylum

Vetulicolia VetulicoliaThe taxon name, Vetulocolia, is derived from the type genus, ''Vetulicola'', which is a compound Latin word composed of ''vetuli'' "old" and ''cola'' "inhabitant". is a taxon (either phylum or subphylum in rank) encompassing several ex ...

10 species *'' Heteromorphus longicaudatus'' *''
Vetulicola ''Vetulicola'' is an extinct genus of marine animal from the Cambrian of China. It is the eponymous member of the enigmatic phylum Vetulicolia, which is of uncertain affinities but may belong to the deuterostomes. Description The type species, ...
'' :*''Vetulicola cuneata'' :*''Vetulicola gantoucunensis'' :*''Vetulicola longbaoshanensis'' :*''Vetulicola rectangulata'' :*''Vetulicola monile'' *'' Beidazoon venustum'' *'' Didazoon hoae'' *'' Pomatrum ventralis'' *'' Yuyuanozoon magnificissimi''


Enigmatic

24 species * '' Allonnia phrixothrix'' * '' Anthrotum robustus'' * '' Batofasciculus ramificans'' * '' Cambrotentacus sanwuia'' * '' Cheungkongella ancestralis'' * '' Conicula straita'' * '' Dinomischus venustus'' * '' Discoides abnormalis'' * '' Hippotrum spinatus'' * '' Jiucunia petalina'' * '' Maanshania crusticeps'' * '' Macrocephalus elongates'' * '' Parvulonoda dubia'' * '' Phacatrum tubifer'' * '' Phasangula striata'' * '' Phlogites brevis'' * '' Phlogites longus'' * '' Priscapennamarina angusta'' * '' Pristitoites bifarius'' * '' Rhipitrus calvifer'' * '' Rotadiscus grandis'' * '' Stellostomites eumorphus'' (= '' Eldonia eumorpha'')


Kingdom

Protist A protist () is any eukaryotic organism (that is, an organism whose cells contain a cell nucleus) that is not an animal, plant, or fungus. While it is likely that protists share a common ancestor (the last eukaryotic common ancestor), the e ...
a (algae)

* '' Fuxianospira gyrata'' * '' Megaspirellus houi'' * '' Sinocylindra yunnanensis'' * ''
Yuknessia ''Yuknessia'' is an early pterobranch, known from the Burgess shale, the Chengjiang and the Wheeler shale. Long, unbranched fronds emerge from a central holdfast-like body covered in small conical plates. 23 specimens of ''Yuknessia'' are known ...
''


References

{{reflist Maotianshan Maotianshan shales fossils