''Cyanea acuminata'' is a rare species of flowering plant known by the common names Honolulu cyanea. It is

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

Oahu Oahu (, , sometimes written Oahu) is the third-largest and most populated island of the Hawaiian Islands and of the U.S. state of Hawaii. The state capital, Honolulu, is on Oahu's southeast coast. The island of Oahu and the uninhabited Northwe ...

, where there are no more than 250 individuals remaining.Bruegmann, M. M. & V. Caraway. (2003)
''Cyanea acuminata''

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is an inventory of the global conservation status and extinction risk of biological spe ...

. IUCN 2010
www.iucnredlist.org
. Retrieved on 24 February 2011. It is a federally listed

endangered species An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching, inv ...

of the United States. Like other '' Cyanea'' it is known as ''haha'' in Hawaiian.Hawaiian Native Plant Genera: ''Cyanea''
/ref> This

Hawaiian lobelioid The Hawaiian lobelioids are a group of flowering plants in the Campanula, bellflower family, Campanulaceae, subfamily Lobelioideae, all of which are Endemism, endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. This is the largest plant Adaptive radiation, radiatio ...

is a

shrub A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple ...

up to 2 meters tall. It grows in wet forests and on slopes and ridges in the Koʻolau and Waiʻanae Mountains of Oahu.USFWS
''Cyanea acuminata'' Five year Review.
July 2009. The remaining plants are divided among 18 subpopulations which are threatened by damage to their habitat from

feral pig A feral pig is a domestic pig The pig (''Sus domesticus''), also called swine (: swine) or hog, is an omnivorous, domesticated, even-toed, hoofed mammal. It is named the domestic pig when distinguishing it from other members of the g ...

s and

goats The goat or domestic goat (''Capra hircus'') is a species of goat-antelope that is mostly kept as livestock. It was domesticated from the wild goat (''C. aegagrus'') of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a member of the famil ...

rat Rats are various medium-sized, long-tailed rodents. Species of rats are found throughout the order Rodentia, but stereotypical rats are found in the genus ''Rattus''. Other rat genera include '' Neotoma'' (pack rats), '' Bandicota'' (bandicoo ...

s, and

exotic plants An introduced species, alien species, exotic species, adventive species, immigrant species, foreign species, non-indigenous species, or non-native species is a species living outside its native distributional range, but which has arrived ther ...

such as Maui pamakani (''Ageratina adenophora''),

kukui ''Aleurites moluccanus'', commonly known as candlenut, is a tree in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. It grows to about tall and produces drupe fruit. First described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, the species' origin is unclear due to its spread b ...

(''Aleurites moluccanus''), and ti plant (''Cordyline fruticosa''). Other threats to the plant and its habitat include fire and trampling by military personnel. Botanists are hopeful that there are many more than 250 plants remaining in unsurveyed areas of the island.

References

External links

USDA Plants Profile
acuminata Endemic flora of Hawaii Biota of Oahu {{Campanulaceae-stub