''Cyanea'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

jellyfish Jellyfish, also known as sea jellies or simply jellies, are the #Life cycle, medusa-phase of certain gelatinous members of the subphylum Medusozoa, which is a major part of the phylum Cnidaria. Jellyfish are mainly free-swimming marine animal ...

, primarily found in northern waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and southern Pacific waters of Australia and New Zealand, there are also several boreal, polar, tropical and sub-tropical species. Commonly found in and associated with rivers and fjords. The same genus name has been given to a genus of plants of the

Hawaiian lobelioids The Hawaiian lobelioids are a group of flowering plants in the bellflower family, Campanulaceae, subfamily Lobelioideae, all of which are endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. This is the largest plant radiation in the Hawaiian Islands, and indeed t ...

, an example of a ''parahomonym'' (same name, different kingdom).

Species

The

taxonomy image:Hierarchical clustering diagram.png, 280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme o ...

of ''Cyanea''

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

has seen increased scrutiny in recent years.Dawson MN. 2005. Cyanea capillata is not a cosmopolitan jellyfish: morphological and molecular evidence for C. annaskala and C. rosea (Scyphozoa : Semaeostomeae : Cyaneidae) in south-eastern Australia. Invertebrate systematics 19:361–370.Kolbasova GD, Zalevsky AO, Gafurov AR, Gusev PO, Ezhova MA, Zheludkevich AA, Konovalova OP, Kosobokova KN, Kotlov NU, Lanina NO, Lapashina AS, Medvedev DO, Nosikova KS, Nuzhdina EO, Bazykin GA, Neretina TV. 2015. A new species of Cyanea jellyfish sympatric to C. capillata in the White Sea. Polar biology 38:1439–1451. Early

zoologists This is a list of notable zoologists who have published names of new taxa under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. A * Abe – Tokiharu Abe (1911–1996) * Abeille de Perrin, Ab. – Elzéar Abeille de Perrin (1843–1910) * ...

suggested that all species within the genus should be treated as one. Recent molecular and integrative taxonomic studies have refuted this assertion as the

scyphozoa The Scyphozoa are an exclusively marine class of the phylum Cnidaria, referred to as the true jellyfish (or "true jellies"). The class name Scyphozoa comes from the Greek word '' skyphos'' (), denoting a kind of drinking cup and alluding to the ...

n community has restored many of the previous species. For example, in the

North Sea The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Denmark, Norway, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. A sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Se ...

, the

lion's mane jellyfish The lion's mane jellyfish (''Cyanea capillata'') is one of the Largest organisms#Cnidarians (Cnidaria), largest known species of jellyfish. Its range is confined to cold, boreal ecosystem, boreal waters of the Arctic Ocean, Arctic, northern Atla ...

and the

blue jellyfish ''Cyanea lamarckii'', also known as the blue jellyfish or bluefire jellyfish, is a species of jellyfish in the family Cyaneidae. Description Blue jellyfish age can be identified by color of their bell. They tend to be pale in appearance when ...

appear as distinct species. On the East Coast of the United States there are at least two co-occurring species, ''C. fulva'' and ''C. versicolor''.Brewer RH. 1991. Morphological differences between, and reproductive isolation of, two populations of the jellyfish Cyanea in Long Island Sound, USA. In: Coelenterate Biology: Recent Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Springer Netherlands, 471–477. ''Cyanea'' may be a

species complex In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...

of recently diverged species. *'' Cyanea annasethe'' Haeckel, 1880 *'' Cyanea annaskala'' von Lendenfeld, 1882 *'' Cyanea barkeri'' Gershwin, Zeidler & Davie, 2010 'nomen dubium''*'' Cyanea buitendijki'' Stiasny, 1919 *''

Cyanea capillata The lion's mane jellyfish (''Cyanea capillata'') is one of the Largest organisms#Cnidarians (Cnidaria), largest known species of jellyfish. Its range is confined to cold, boreal ecosystem, boreal waters of the Arctic Ocean, Arctic, northern Atla ...

'' Linnaeus, 1758 *'' Cyanea citrea'' Kishinouye, 1910 *'' Cyanea ferruginea'' Eschscholtz, 1829 *'' Cyanea fulva'' Agassiz, 1862 *'' Cyanea lamarckii'' Péron & Lesueur, 1810 *'' Cyanea mjöbergi'' Stiasny, 1921 *'' Cyanea muellerianthe'' Haacke, 1887 *'' Cyanea nozakii'' Kishinouye, 1891 *'' Cyanea postelsi'' Brandt, 1835 *'' Cyanea purpurea'' Kishinouye, 1910 *'' Cyanea rosea'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 *'' Cyanea tzetlinii'' Kolbasova & Neretina, 2015 *'' Cyanea versicolor'' Agassiz, 1862

References

Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * Cyaneidae Scyphozoan genera {{Scyphozoa-stub