Cupedidae
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The Cupedidae are a small
family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
of
beetle Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 describ ...
s, notable for the square pattern of "windows" on their
elytra An elytron (; ; , ) is a modified, hardened forewing of beetles (Coleoptera), though a few of the true bugs ( Hemiptera) such as the family Schizopteridae are extremely similar; in true bugs, the forewings are called hemelytra (sometimes altern ...
(hard forewings), which give the family their common name of reticulated beetles. The family consists of about 30 species in 9 genera, with a worldwide distribution. Many more extinct species are known, dating as far back as the
Triassic The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 Mya. The Triassic is the first and shortest period ...
. The family
Ommatidae The Ommatidae are a family of beetles in the suborder Archostemata. The Ommatidae are considered the extant beetle family that has most ancestral characteristics. There are only seven extant species, confined to Australia and South America. Howev ...
is considered a subfamily of Cupedidae by some authors, but ommatids have been found to more closely related to
Micromalthidae The telephone-pole beetle (''Micromalthus debilis'') is a beetle native to the eastern United States, and the only living representative of the otherwise extinct family Micromalthidae. They have an unusual lifecycle involving asexually reproduc ...
in genomic analysis studies. These beetles tend to be elongated with a parallel-sided body, ranging in length from , with colors brownish, blackish, or gray. The larvae are wood-borers, typically living in
fungus A fungus (plural, : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of Eukaryote, eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and Mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified ...
-infested wood, and sometimes found in wood construction. The larvae eat the fungus-infested dead wood or tree roots while the adults are believed to subsist on pollen and plant sap. Males of ''
Priacma serrata ''Priacma serrata'' is a species of reticulated beetle in the family Cupedidae. It is native to western North America. It is the only extant species in the genus ''Priacma''. Members of the species live in coniferous forests, and are found under ...
'' (western North America) are notable for being strongly attracted to common household bleach. This suggests that compounds in bleach may resemble attractive compounds found by the beetle in nature.


Taxonomy

* ''
Adinolepis ''Adinolepis'' is a genus of beetles in the family Cupedidae The Cupedidae are a small family of beetles, notable for the square pattern of "windows" on their elytra (hard forewings), which give the family their common name of reticulated bee ...
'' Neboiss, 1984 Australia * ''
Ascioplaga ''Ascioplaga'' is a genus of beetles in the family Cupedidae, containing two species endemic to New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = Location ...
'' Neboiss, 1984 New Caledonia * ''
Cupes ''Cupes'' is a genus of beetles in the family Cupedidae. The Cupedidae are typical “reticulate” or “net-winged” beetles with incompletely sclerotized elytra that produce the characteristic reticulate appearance. ''Cupes'' contains a sin ...
''
Fabricius Fabricius ( la, smith, german: Schmied, Schmidt) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *people from the Ancient Roman gens Fabricia: **Gaius Fabricius Luscinus, the first of the Fabricii to move to Rome * Johann Goldsmid (1587� ...
, 1801 Europe, China
Paleogene The Paleogene ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of ...
, North America, Recent * ''
Distocupes ''Distocupes'' is a monotypic genus of beetles in the family Cupedidae, the reticulated beetles. It contains the single species ''Distocupes varians''. It is endemic to eastern Australia, including Tasmania ) , nickname ...
'' Neboiss, 1984, Australia * ''
Paracupes ''Paracupes'' is a genus of beetles in the family Cupedidae The Cupedidae are a small family of beetles, notable for the square pattern of "windows" on their elytra (hard forewings), which give the family their common name of reticulated beet ...
'' Kolbe, 1898, South America * ''
Priacma ''Priacma'' is a genus of beetles in the family Cupedidae. It contains a single extant species, '' Priacma serrata'' native to western North America and one fossil species, ''P. megapuncta'' from the Cenomanian aged Burmese amber. Species previou ...
'' LeConte, 1874 Myanmar, Cretaceous, North America, Recent * ''
Prolixocupes ''Prolixocupes'' is a genus of beetles in the family Cupedidae The Cupedidae are a small family of beetles, notable for the square pattern of "windows" on their elytra (hard forewings), which give the family their common name of reticulated b ...
'' Neboiss, 1960 North America, South America * ''
Rhipsideigma ''Rhipsideigma'' is a genus of beetles in the family Cupedidae The Cupedidae are a small family of beetles, notable for the square pattern of "windows" on their elytra (hard forewings), which give the family their common name of reticulated b ...
'' Neboiss, 1984 Madagascar, East Africa * ''
Tenomerga ''Tenomerga'' is a genus of beetles in the family Cupedidae. This genus has about 17 extant species, which are native to the eastern Palearctic, Nearctic and Oriental regions. Species These 14 species belong to the genus ''Tenomerga'': * ''Ten ...
'' Neboiss, 1984 East and Southeast Asia, New Guinea, North America, South Africa


Fossil genera

After Kirejtshuk, Nel & Kirejtshuk, 2016. * †'' Anaglyphites'' Ponomarenko 1964 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Late Jurassic ( Oxfordian/
Kimmeridgian In the geologic timescale, the Kimmeridgian is an age in the Late Jurassic Epoch and a stage in the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans the time between 157.3 ± 1.0 Ma and 152.1 ± 0.9 Ma (million years ago). The Kimmeridgian follows the Oxford ...
), Shar-Teg, Mongolia, Late Jurassic (
Tithonian In the geological timescale, the Tithonian is the latest age of the Late Jurassic Epoch and the uppermost stage of the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans the time between 152.1 ± 4 Ma and 145.0 ± 4 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by t ...
),
Hengshan Formation Hengshan may refer to the following locations in mainland China or Taiwan: China Mountains * Mount Heng (Hunan) (衡山) * Mount Heng (Shanxi) (恒山) * Mount Heng (Hebei) (恒山, also known as 大茂山) Counties and districts * Hengshan ...
, China, Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia,
Zaza Formation The Zaza Formation is a geological formation located in Buryatia (Russia). It dates to the Lower Cretaceous period. It is Aptian in age and consists of sandstones, siltstones, marls and bituminous shales Shale is a fine-grained, clastic se ...
, Russia, Early Cretaceous (
Aptian The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma to 113.0 ± 1.0 Ma (million years ag ...
) * †''"Anaglyphites" pluricavus'' Soriano and Delclos 2006
La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation The La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation is an Early Cretaceous ( late Berriasian to early Barremian geologic formation in Catalonia, Spain. The formation crops out in the area of the Montsec in the Organyà Basin. At the La Pedrera de Meià localit ...
, Spain, Early Cretaceous (
Barremian The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 129.4 ± 1.5 Ma ( million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is pre ...
) * †'' Apriacma'' Kirejtshuk et al. 2016
Yixian Formation The Yixian Formation (; formerly transcribed as Yihsien Formation) is a geological formation in Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, that spans the late Barremian and early Aptian stages of the Early Cretaceous. It is known for its ...
, China, Aptian * †'' Asimma'' Ponomarenko 1966
Madygen Formation The Madygen Formation (Russian language, Russian: Madygen Svita) is a Late Triassic (Carnian) geologic formation and Lagerstätte in the Batken Region, Batken and Osh Regions of western Kyrgyzstan, with minor outcrops in neighboring Tajikistan and ...
, Kyrgyzstan, Late Triassic * †'' Barbaticupes'' Jarzembowski et al. 2017
Burmese amber Burmese amber, also known as Burmite or Kachin amber, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. The amber is dated to around 100 million years ago, during the latest Albian to earliest Cenomanian ages of the mid-Cretaceous period. ...
, Myanmar, Late Cretaceous ( Cenomanian) * †'' Cainomerga'' Kirejtshuk et al. 2016
Menat Formation The Menat Formation is a geologic formation in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Paleocene. It is a maar deposit located on top of an ancient volcano, the extent is very localised with the outcropping area being around 600 by 1000 m ...
, France,
Paleocene The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek ''pal ...
* †'' Cretomerga'' Kirejtshuk et al. 2016 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian * †'' Cupopsis'' Kirejtshuk et al. 2016
New Jersey amber New Jersey Amber, sometimes called Raritan amber, is amber found in the Raritan and Magothy Formations of the Central Atlantic (Eastern) coast of the United States. It is dated to the Late Cretaceous, Turonian age, based on pollen analysis of t ...
, Late Cretaceous (
Turonian The Turonian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the second age in the Late Cretaceous Epoch, or a stage in the Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 93.9 ± 0.8 Ma and 89.8 ± 1 Ma (million years ago). The Turonian is preceded ...
) * †'' Cupidium'' Ponomarenko 1968 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian * †'' Ensicupes'' Hong 1976 Dalazi Formation,
Guyang Formation Guyang County ( Mongolian: ''Güyaŋ siyan''; ) is a county in western Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Baotou Baotou (; mn, Buɣutu qota, Бугат хот) is the largest city by urban popula ...
, China, Aptian * †'' Furcicupes'' Tan and Ren 2006 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian * †'' Gracilicupes'' Tan et al. 2006
Daohugou The Haifanggou Formation (), also known as the Jiulongshan Formation (), is a fossil-bearing rock deposit located near Daohugou () village of Ningcheng County, in Inner Mongolia, northeastern China. The formation consists of coarse conglomerate ...
, China, Middle Jurassic (
Callovian In the geologic timescale, the Callovian is an age and stage in the Middle Jurassic, lasting between 166.1 ± 4.0 Ma (million years ago) and 163.5 ± 4.0 Ma. It is the last stage of the Middle Jurassic, following the Bathonian and preceding the ...
) * †'' Kirghizocupes'' Ponomarenko 1966 Madygen Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Late Triassic * †'' Latocupes'' Ren and Tan 2006 Yixian Formation, China, Aptian * †'' Mallecupes'' Jarzembowski et al. 2017 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian * †'' Menatops'' Kirejtshuk et al. 2016 Menat Formation, France, Paleocene * †'' Mesocupes'' Martynov 1926 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Oxfordian, Las Hoyas, Spain, Barremian * †'' Miocupes'' Ponomarenko 1973 Cypris Formation, Czech Republic,
Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" ...
* †''"Platycupes" sogdianus'' Ponomarenko 1966 Madygen Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Late Triassic * †''"Priacma" sanzii'' Soriano and Delclos 2006 Las Hoyas, Spain, Barremian * †'' Priacmopsis'' Ponomarenko 1966 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian * †'' Pterocupes'' Ponomarenko 1966 Madygen Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Late Triassic * †'' Taxopsis'' Kirejtshuk et al. 2016
Baltic amber The Baltic region is home to the largest known deposit of amber, called Baltic amber or succinite. It was produced sometime during the Eocene epoch, but exactly when is controversial. It has been estimated that these forests created more than 1 ...
,
Eocene The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', " ...


References


External links


Tree of Life
* * * Beetle families {{Cupedidae-stub